CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
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1 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS CHAPTER 4
2 Cellular Characteristics
3 Cellular Characteristics 2 Domains, then Phyla 1 Domain, 4 kingdoms, then Phyla
4 Prokaryotic Cells Sizes 0.5-2µm (average) Shapes Cocci Bacilli Spirals
5 Prokaryotic Cell Arrangements Pairs Diplo- Tetrads Chains Strepto- Clusters Staphylo- 5
6 Typical Prokaryotic Cell
7 Gram Positive Cell Walls Peptidoglycan Thick layer Physical strength Teichoic Acids Molecular transport Viral attachments
8 Gram Negative Cell Walls Outer Membrane LPS components (Endotoxin) Periplasmic space Digestive Enzymes Protein pumps Chemical resistance Thin peptidoglycan layer
9 Other Cell Walls Acid Fast Cell Wall Mycolic acid or other lipid Gram positive structure Cell Wall Deficient bacteria
10 Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane Fluid Mosaic Proteins embedded in lipid Phospholipids Inner hydrophobic region Outer hydrophilic Chemical movement Small Uncharged
11 Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane
12 Internal structures Cytoplasm Watery medium Enzymes Cytoskeleton Ribosomes 70S Nuclear region
13 Endospores Stasis versus vegetative state Medically significant genera Resistances Dipicolinic acid
14 External Prokaryotic Structures Motility: Flagellae Axial filaments
15 Motility Behaviors
16 External Prokaryotic Structures Attachment: Pili Conjugation pili Fimbriae
17 Glycocalyx Capsule Attachment May limit penetration of some substances such as antibiotics, disinfectants Virulence factor Slime Layer Gliding substrate
18 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
19 Core Cellular Components Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes
20 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Mitochondria
21 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplasts
22 Membranous Networks Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Smooth Golgi apparatus
23 Eukaryotic Organelles/ Inclusions Lysosomes Vacuoles Peroxisomes Cytoskeleton
24 Motility Flagella Cilia Pseudopods
25 Cell Wall components Fungi Plants Protozoan pellicle
26 Endosymbiosis Evidence: DNA in Mt and chloroplasts 70S ribosomes No mitosis Two membranes
27 Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic symbiosis observed in today s world (Protozoan termite inhabitant with internalized bacteria)
28 Movement across Membranes Diffusion Molecules move down a concentration gradient Size and charge are factors Osmosis Water molecule movement
29 Active Transport Protein pumps span the membrane ATP energy required Large charged molecules
30 Endo/Exocytosis Engulfment (Endocytosis) Eukaryotic activity Protozoan cells Phagocytic WBC Extrusion (Exocytosis)
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