RC CIRCUITS. Phys Fall Introduction:
|
|
- Donald Short
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Phys Fall 2012 RC CIRCUITS Introduction: In this experiment the rates at which capacitors in series with resistors can be charged and discharged are measured directly with a picoscope (scope) and the RC time constants are found. To make the measurements, the output voltage of a function generator, which is set to generate square waves is applied to the RC circuit. The scope is used to measure directly the time variation of the voltage across the capacitor while it is charging and discharging. From these measurements, the time constants of the RC circuits can easily be determined. As well as illustrating the time variation of charge in RC circuits, the experiment provides an introduction to the use of a picoscope. A scope provides a visual display on the screen of the input voltage as a function of time. The measurements themselves are relatively straightforward, but it takes a little time to become familiar with all the different settings of the scope, which displays the voltage as a function of time. You will be given information about the proper initial settings for the controls. Equipment: Square-wave function generator, Picoscope Computer Interface, digital multimeter, 2R-2C circuit board, wires for circuit hookup, computer running Picoscope Software. Physics Introduction: (a) Charging a capacitor When a constant voltage (potential difference) εo is applied at time t 0 to a series RC circuit (a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor) it takes time to charge the capacitor. If the capacitor is initially uncharged, the charge Q on the capacitor grows with time as Q(t) Qo {1 e t/τ } and the current I in the circuit decreases with time as I(t)Ioe t/τ. Here Qo εoc is the final equilibrium charge on the capacitor which is approached at large time t and Io εo/r is the current at t 0. The constant τ is called the (capacitive) time constant for the circuit and has the value τ RC. Since the voltage across a capacitor is always V Q/C, the voltage across the capacitor in the circuit varies with time as V(t) o{1 e t/τ }. ε (b) Discharging a capacitor If the applied voltage is suddenly reduced to zero at a later time (a new t 0) when the charge on the capacitor is Q1, the charge on the capacitor and the voltage across the capacitor decay (decrease) with time as Q(t) Q1 e t/τ and, V(t) V1 e t/τ (Q1/C) e t/τ, and the current (opposite direction from the original current) in the circuit decreases as I(t) I1 e t/τ with I1 Q1/RC
2 V a Square Function Generator R I 600 Ω a R E C V C Picoscop V 0 A square-wave function generator will be used to apply and remove a potential difference Vo εo across the RC circuit under study. The function generator switches the voltage repeatedly from V 0 to V Vo εo and back at the frequency ν of the square wave as shown in the top graph. The period το of the wave is 1/ν. Since the voltage across C varies as V(t) V o{1 e t/τ }, it starts at V 0 at t 0 and rises to V Vo{1 e 1 } 0.632Vo at t τ. The time constant τ may be determined directly by measuring how long it takes for the voltage to rise from V 0 to V 0.632Vo. This is done by observing the voltage V as a function of time with the picoscope. The trace on the scope screen represents a plot of V as a function of t. Since you will be interested in the shape of the curve, i.e. its time dependence, rather than the actual magnitude of the voltage (which depends on the circuit parameters and the applied voltage), it will not be necessary to measure V in volts. Instead, you can simply measure V directly on the screen of the picoscope as the vertical displacement (in scale divisions on the scope screen) of the scope trace from the baseline (which corresponds to zero volts, or ground). It is necessary to know the number of vertical scale divisions on the screen corresponding to Vo. To determine this, you must apply the constant voltage to the RC circuit for a time long enough for the charge to approach its maximum value. The time constant τ can also be determined by measuring how long it takes for the voltage to drop from V to V 0.368Vo. This is done by observing the voltage V as a function of time with the picoscope. IMPORTANT: Setting up the Picoscope Connect the square wave function generator to the scope (600 Ω to red and Ground to black of input). Turn on the function generator and make sure it is set for square wave output. Go through the following steps to initialize the picoscope. (If the scope freezes at any time close it and reopen it and follow pt. 2 again) 1. Make sure the Computer is running windows. If it is not, then hold down the option button and restart the machine. Keep the option button depressed till you reach a screen asking you to choose between windows and Mac. 2. On the Windows Desktop you will find the picoscope icon (with the picture of a wave). Open Picoscope, maximize it to fill the screen and check the following: a. The Trigger (bottom right) should be set to Auto. b. Go to Settings Options and choose Current(Filtered) in the Display Mode box c. Set the Time Base (upper right) to 50 µs
3 Test Run Observe the square wave on the scope screen. The top graph in the figure at right shows what the square-wave output Va of the function generator should look like. Try changing the frequency (by selecting different ranges and turning the fine tune knob) and amplitude of the square wave and see how the pattern changes. Try to adjust the picoscope time base (top right) so that you see about one complete wave in the picoscope. Square Wave (Function Generator) Frequency is too high!!! Correct Frequency. MEASUREMENTS: A. Record 2R-2C Board data Measure the resistances of the two resistors and capacitors with the multimeter and record them. Remember to turn the dial of the multimeter and set it to measuring resistance or capacitance accordingly. Use the Multimeter Data Sheet ( heet.doc) to determine the error in measuring these quantities V V a a Square Wave R E Function Generator TIME CONSTANT FOR SMALL R & SMALL C Select the smaller resistance as R E and the smaller capacitance as C. Connect the output of the function generator in series with R E and C and connect the scope across C as shown in the above schematic circuit diagram. Warning: the scope and function generator have internal grounds of their own. If the circuit is to function properly the Ground terminal of the function generator and the grounded scope input (black) lead must be connected to the same point in the circuit (marked V 0 in the diagram). R I 600 ž V 0 Scope C V V C
4 Note: that the function generator has an output impedance (effective resistance) R I of about 600Ω. This acts as an additional resistance in the series RC circuit so the total resistance is R T R E + R I and the time constant is τ R T C. Assume that R I 600Ω. Adjust the frequency of the function generator to a value sufficiently low that the voltage Vc approaches the value V o asymptotically as shown for Case (2) in the figure. If you use a frequency which is too high, you will observe a waveform such as that shown for Case (1), and it will be very difficult (if not impossible) to determine the time when Vc 0.632V o. Adjust the horizontal (time axis) scale of the display using the "time base" (TOP RIGHT) controls on the picoscope so that you can see at least one full cycle for V as a function of time(as shown in the figure above). Print the graph on the Picoscope from the File menu on the top toolbar. Measure, if you drag your mouse horizontally in the picoscope graph, a horizontal line will be created which will help you do this. Clicking close to this line will make it move up or down. Position this line at the top of a crest and measure. Alternatively, you can adjust the Amplitude knob in the frequency generator to get a desired voltage like 6V on the graph. B. Time Constant for Charging Locate the point where V is a minimum and is beginning to rise sharply. Create a horizontal line in the picoscope where the voltage is a minimum. Create a vertical line here by dragging the mouse vertically. Record the x(time, t 1 ) and y(voltage) coordinates that appear at the top of the screen. Create a horizontal line at of this rising curve. Try to make it as exact as possible by noting the y coordinate readings at the top of the screen and adjusting the position of the line. Create a vertical line where the horizontal line meets the curve. Record the coordinates(t 2, V 2 ). CAUTION: Clicking next to a line moves it so be very careful where you click on the picoscope. The time constant τ is given by (t 2 - t 1 ). C. Time Constant for discharging. Locate the point where V is a maximum and is beginning to fall sharply. Create a horizontal line in the picoscope where the voltage is a maximum. Create a vertical line here by dragging the mouse vertically. Record the x(time, t 1 ) and y(voltage) coordinates that appear at the top of the screen. Create a horizontal line at of this falling curve. Try to make it as exact as possible by noting the y coordinate readings at the top of the screen and adjusting the position of the line. Create a vertical line where the horizontal line meets the curve. Record the coordinates(t 2, V 2 ). The time constant τ is given by (t 2 - t 1 ). TIME CONSTANT FOR LARGE R & LARGE C Reconnect the circuit using the larger of the two capacitances and the larger of the two resistances Adjust the frequency of the frequency generator(source) and the time base of the picoscope so that you get a graph similar to the previous one. Print the graph Follow procedures B and C to get the time constant for charging and discharging for this circuit
5 Analysis: (Do this for both the circuits) Using your measured value for R E and C, compute the total resistance R T R E + R I. Calculate the capacitive time constant τ R T C for this circuit from your data. Calculate an approximate error for this value of τ assuming a 2% error in C and a 0.5% error in R T. Compare your measured and calculated values of τ. Do they agree reasonably well when you consider your error estimates? Questions for the report: For each circuit do the time constants τ for charging and discharging the capacitor, which you measured using the picoscope, agree as expected? Does your calculated value of τ for this RC circuit agree within errors with your measured values? Checklist: Picoscope Plot from the Small R & Small C Circuit Picoscope Plot from the Large R & Large C Circuit Data Sheet (initialed by your TA) 6-5 5
6 A. Data on 2R-2C Board DATA TABLE FOR RC CIRCUITS Element Resistance (ohm) δr Element Capacitance(µF) δc R 1 C 1 R 2 C 2 Time Constant for smaller R and smaller C. R T R E + R I τ R T C δτ Charging: x 1 (t 1 ) y 1 (V 1 ) x 2 (t 2 ) y 2 (V 2 ) Discharging: x 1 (t 1 ) y 1 (V 1 ) x 2 (t 2 ) y 2 (V 2 ) τ (t 2 - t 1 ) τ (t 2 - t 1 ) Time Constant for larger R and larger C. R T R E + R I τ R T C δτ Charging: x 1 (t 1 ) y 1 (V 1 ) x 2 (t 2 ) y 2 (V 2 ) Discharging: x 1 (t 1 ) y 1 (V 1 ) x 2 (t 2 ) y 2 (V 2 ) τ (t 2 - t 1 ) τ (t 2 - t 1 ) 6-6 6
RC Circuits and The Oscilloscope Physics Lab X
Objective RC Circuits and The Oscilloscope Physics Lab X In this series of experiments, the time constant of an RC circuit will be measured experimentally and compared with the theoretical expression for
More informationElectrical Resonance
Electrical Resonance (R-L-C series circuit) APPARATUS 1. R-L-C Circuit board 2. Signal generator 3. Oscilloscope Tektronix TDS1002 with two sets of leads (see Introduction to the Oscilloscope ) INTRODUCTION
More informationInductors in AC Circuits
Inductors in AC Circuits Name Section Resistors, inductors, and capacitors all have the effect of modifying the size of the current in an AC circuit and the time at which the current reaches its maximum
More informationExperiment #11: LRC Circuit (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor)
Experiment #11: LRC Circuit (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor) Concept: circuits Time: 30 m SW Interface: 750 Windows file: RLC.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED Science Workshop Interface Power Amplifier (2) Voltage
More informationε: Voltage output of Signal Generator (also called the Source voltage or Applied
Experiment #10: LR & RC Circuits Frequency Response EQUIPMENT NEEDED Science Workshop Interface Power Amplifier (2) Voltage Sensor graph paper (optional) (3) Patch Cords Decade resistor, capacitor, and
More informationRLC Series Resonance
RLC Series Resonance 11EM Object: The purpose of this laboratory activity is to study resonance in a resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit by examining the current through the circuit as a function
More informationElectronic WorkBench tutorial
Electronic WorkBench tutorial Introduction Electronic WorkBench (EWB) is a simulation package for electronic circuits. It allows you to design and analyze circuits without using breadboards, real components
More informationEXPERIMENT NUMBER 8 CAPACITOR CURRENT-VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP
1 EXPERIMENT NUMBER 8 CAPACITOR CURRENT-VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP Purpose: To demonstrate the relationship between the voltage and current of a capacitor. Theory: A capacitor is a linear circuit element whose
More informationEE 1202 Experiment #4 Capacitors, Inductors, and Transient Circuits
EE 1202 Experiment #4 Capacitors, Inductors, and Transient Circuits 1. Introduction and Goal: Exploring transient behavior due to inductors and capacitors in DC circuits; gaining experience with lab instruments.
More informationLab E1: Introduction to Circuits
E1.1 Lab E1: Introduction to Circuits The purpose of the this lab is to introduce you to some basic instrumentation used in electrical circuits. You will learn to use a DC power supply, a digital multimeter
More informationTutorial 12 Solutions
PHYS000 Tutorial 2 solutions Tutorial 2 Solutions. Two resistors, of 00 Ω and 200 Ω, are connected in series to a 6.0 V DC power supply. (a) Draw a circuit diagram. 6 V 00 Ω 200 Ω (b) What is the total
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT 4 Understand single-phase alternating current (ac) theory Single phase AC
More informationExperiment: Series and Parallel Circuits
Phy203: General Physics Lab page 1 of 6 Experiment: Series and Parallel Circuits OBJECTVES MATERALS To study current flow and voltages in series and parallel circuits. To use Ohm s law to calculate equivalent
More informationSERIES-PARALLEL DC CIRCUITS
Name: Date: Course and Section: Instructor: EXPERIMENT 1 SERIES-PARALLEL DC CIRCUITS OBJECTIVES 1. Test the theoretical analysis of series-parallel networks through direct measurements. 2. Improve skills
More informationAC CIRCUITS - CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS
EXPRIMENT#8 AC CIRCUITS - CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS NOTE: Two weeks are allocated for this experiment. Before performing this experiment, review the Proper Oscilloscope Use section of Experiment #7. Objective
More informationGENERAL SCIENCE LABORATORY 1110L Lab Experiment 6: Ohm s Law
GENERAL SCIENCE LABORATORY 1110L Lab Experiment 6: Ohm s Law OBJECTIVES: To verify Ohm s law, the mathematical relationship among current, voltage or potential difference, and resistance, in a simple circuit.
More informationChapter 22 Further Electronics
hapter 22 Further Electronics washing machine has a delay on the door opening after a cycle of washing. Part of this circuit is shown below. s the cycle ends, switch S closes. t this stage the capacitor
More informationSIMULATIONS OF PARALLEL RESONANT CIRCUIT POWER ELECTRONICS COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
SIMULATIONS OF PARALLEL RESONANT CIRCUIT POWER ELECTRONICS COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 25 PURPOSE: The purpose of this lab is to simulate the LCC circuit using MATLAB and ORCAD Capture CIS to better
More information= (0.400 A) (4.80 V) = 1.92 W = (0.400 A) (7.20 V) = 2.88 W
Physics 2220 Module 06 Homework 0. What are the magnitude and direction of the current in the 8 Ω resister in the figure? Assume the current is moving clockwise. Then use Kirchhoff's second rule: 3.00
More informationRC & RL Transient Response
EE 2006 University of Minnesota Duluth ab 8 1. Introduction R & R Transient Response The student will analyze series R and R circuits. A step input will excite these respective circuits, producing a transient
More informationStep Response of RC Circuits
Step Response of RC Circuits 1. OBJECTIVES...2 2. REFERENCE...2 3. CIRCUITS...2 4. COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS...3 QUANTITY...3 DESCRIPTION...3 COMMENTS...3 5. DISCUSSION...3 5.1 SOURCE RESISTANCE...3
More informationFundamentals of Signature Analysis
Fundamentals of Signature Analysis An In-depth Overview of Power-off Testing Using Analog Signature Analysis www.huntron.com 1 www.huntron.com 2 Table of Contents SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION... 7 PURPOSE...
More informationLab #9: AC Steady State Analysis
Theory & Introduction Lab #9: AC Steady State Analysis Goals for Lab #9 The main goal for lab 9 is to make the students familar with AC steady state analysis, db scale and the NI ELVIS frequency analyzer.
More informationLab 3 - DC Circuits and Ohm s Law
Lab 3 DC Circuits and Ohm s Law L3-1 Name Date Partners Lab 3 - DC Circuits and Ohm s Law OBJECTIES To learn to apply the concept of potential difference (voltage) to explain the action of a battery in
More informationCircuits. The light bulbs in the circuits below are identical. Which configuration produces more light? (a) circuit I (b) circuit II (c) both the same
Circuits The light bulbs in the circuits below are identical. Which configuration produces more light? (a) circuit I (b) circuit II (c) both the same Circuit II has ½ current of each branch of circuit
More informationChapter 7 Direct-Current Circuits
Chapter 7 Direct-Current Circuits 7. Introduction...7-7. Electromotive Force...7-3 7.3 Resistors in Series and in Parallel...7-5 7.4 Kirchhoff s Circuit Rules...7-7 7.5 Voltage-Current Measurements...7-9
More informationCHAPTER 11: Flip Flops
CHAPTER 11: Flip Flops In this chapter, you will be building the part of the circuit that controls the command sequencing. The required circuit must operate the counter and the memory chip. When the teach
More informationBasic Op Amp Circuits
Basic Op Amp ircuits Manuel Toledo INEL 5205 Instrumentation August 3, 2008 Introduction The operational amplifier (op amp or OA for short) is perhaps the most important building block for the design of
More informationThe Time Constant of an RC Circuit
The Time Constant of an RC Circuit 1 Objectives 1. To determine the time constant of an RC Circuit, and 2. To determine the capacitance of an unknown capacitor. 2 Introduction What the heck is a capacitor?
More informationOscilloscope, Function Generator, and Voltage Division
1. Introduction Oscilloscope, Function Generator, and Voltage Division In this lab the student will learn to use the oscilloscope and function generator. The student will also verify the concept of voltage
More information1. Oscilloscope is basically a graph-displaying device-it draws a graph of an electrical signal.
CHAPTER 3: OSCILLOSCOPE AND SIGNAL GENERATOR 3.1 Introduction to oscilloscope 1. Oscilloscope is basically a graph-displaying device-it draws a graph of an electrical signal. 2. The graph show signal change
More informationLABORATORY 2 THE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
LABORATORY 2 THE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER OBJECTIVES 1. To understand how to amplify weak (small) signals in the presence of noise. 1. To understand how a differential amplifier rejects noise and common
More informationEXPERIMENT NUMBER 5 BASIC OSCILLOSCOPE OPERATIONS
1 EXPERIMENT NUMBER 5 BASIC OSCILLOSCOPE OPERATIONS The oscilloscope is the most versatile and most important tool in this lab and is probably the best tool an electrical engineer uses. This outline guides
More informationBasic Electrical Technology Dr. L. Umanand Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Lecture - 33 3 phase System 4
Basic Electrical Technology Dr. L. Umanand Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture - 33 3 phase System 4 Hello everybody. So, in the last class we have been
More informationReading assignment: All students should read the Appendix about using oscilloscopes.
10. A ircuits* Objective: To learn how to analyze current and voltage relationships in alternating current (a.c.) circuits. You will use the method of phasors, or the vector addition of rotating vectors
More informationLab 1: Introduction to PSpice
Lab 1: Introduction to PSpice Objectives A primary purpose of this lab is for you to become familiar with the use of PSpice and to learn to use it to assist you in the analysis of circuits. The software
More informationCHAPTER 28 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 8 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 1. Sketch a circuit diagram for a circuit that includes a resistor R 1 connected to the positive terminal of a battery, a pair of parallel resistors R and R connected to the
More informationFREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AN AUDIO AMPLIFIER
2014 Amplifier - 1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AN AUDIO AMPLIFIER The objectives of this experiment are: To understand the concept of HI-FI audio equipment To generate a frequency response curve for an audio
More informationLecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
Basic Electronics (Module 1 Semiconductor Diodes) Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Lecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
More informationTable of Contents. The Basics of Electricity 2. Using a Digital Multimeter 4. Testing Voltage 8. Testing Current 10. Testing Resistance 12
Table of Contents The Basics of Electricity 2 Using a Digital Multimeter 4 IDEAL Digital Multimeters An Introduction The Basics of Digital Multimeters is designed to give you a fundamental knowledge of
More informationImpedance Matching of Filters with the MSA Sam Wetterlin 2/11/11
Impedance Matching of Filters with the MSA Sam Wetterlin 2/11/11 Introduction The purpose of this document is to illustrate the process for impedance matching of filters using the MSA software. For example,
More informationBASIC ELECTRONICS AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS. December 2011
AM 5-202 BASIC ELECTRONICS AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS December 2011 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Pubic Release. Distribution is unlimited. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY AUXILIARY RADIO SYSTEM FORT
More informationTESTS OF 1 MHZ SIGNAL SOURCE FOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER CALIBRATION 7/8/08 Sam Wetterlin
TESTS OF 1 MHZ SIGNAL SOURCE FOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER CALIBRATION 7/8/08 Sam Wetterlin (Updated 7/19/08 to delete sine wave output) I constructed the 1 MHz square wave generator shown in the Appendix. This
More informationThis activity will show you how to draw graphs of algebraic functions in Excel.
This activity will show you how to draw graphs of algebraic functions in Excel. Open a new Excel workbook. This is Excel in Office 2007. You may not have used this version before but it is very much the
More informationEpisode 126: Capacitance and the equation C =Q/V
Episode 126: Capacitance and the equation C =Q/V Having established that there is charge on each capacitor plate, the next stage is to establish the relationship between charge and potential difference
More informationExperiment 3: Magnetic Fields of a Bar Magnet and Helmholtz Coil
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Spring 2006 Experiment 3: Magnetic Fields of a Bar Magnet and Helmholtz Coil OBJECTIVES 1. To learn how to visualize magnetic field lines
More informationMeasuring Impedance and Frequency Response of Guitar Pickups
Measuring Impedance and Frequency Response of Guitar Pickups Peter D. Hiscocks Syscomp Electronic Design Limited phiscock@ee.ryerson.ca www.syscompdesign.com April 30, 2011 Introduction The CircuitGear
More informationMeasuring Electric Phenomena: the Ammeter and Voltmeter
Measuring Electric Phenomena: the Ammeter and Voltmeter 1 Objectives 1. To understand the use and operation of the Ammeter and Voltmeter in a simple direct current circuit, and 2. To verify Ohm s Law for
More informationLAB4: Audio Synthesizer
UC Berkeley, EECS 100 Lab LAB4: Audio Synthesizer B. Boser NAME 1: NAME 2: The 555 Timer IC SID: SID: Inductors and capacitors add a host of new circuit possibilities that exploit the memory realized by
More informationECEN 1400, Introduction to Analog and Digital Electronics
ECEN 1400, Introduction to Analog and Digital Electronics Lab 4: Power supply 1 INTRODUCTION This lab will span two lab periods. In this lab, you will create the power supply that transforms the AC wall
More informationPhysics 120 Lab 6: Field Effect Transistors - Ohmic region
Physics 120 Lab 6: Field Effect Transistors - Ohmic region The FET can be used in two extreme ways. One is as a voltage controlled resistance, in the so called "Ohmic" region, for which V DS < V GS - V
More informationMaximum value. resistance. 1. Connect the Current Probe to Channel 1 and the Differential Voltage Probe to Channel 2 of the interface.
Series and Parallel Circuits Computer 23 Components in an electrical circuit are in series when they are connected one after the other, so that the same current flows through both of them. Components are
More informationThe purposes of this experiment are to test Faraday's Law qualitatively and to test Lenz's Law.
260 17-1 I. THEORY EXPERIMENT 17 QUALITATIVE STUDY OF INDUCED EMF Along the extended central axis of a bar magnet, the magnetic field vector B r, on the side nearer the North pole, points away from this
More informationDayton Audio is proud to introduce DATS V2, the best tool ever for accurately measuring loudspeaker driver parameters in seconds.
Dayton Audio is proud to introduce DATS V2, the best tool ever for accurately measuring loudspeaker driver parameters in seconds. DATS V2 is the latest edition of the Dayton Audio Test System. The original
More informationCircuits with inductors and alternating currents. Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49
Circuits with inductors and alternating currents Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49 RL circuits Ch. 20 (last section) Symbol for inductor looks like a spring. An inductor is a circuit element that has a large
More informationExperiment 3: Magnetic Fields of a Bar Magnet and Helmholtz Coil
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Spring 2009 Experiment 3: Magnetic Fields of a Bar Magnet and Helmholtz Coil OBJECTIVES 1. To learn how to visualize magnetic field lines
More informationTransistor Amplifiers
Physics 3330 Experiment #7 Fall 1999 Transistor Amplifiers Purpose The aim of this experiment is to develop a bipolar transistor amplifier with a voltage gain of minus 25. The amplifier must accept input
More informationResistance, Ohm s Law, and the Temperature of a Light Bulb Filament
Resistance, Ohm s Law, and the Temperature of a Light Bulb Filament Name Partner Date Introduction Carbon resistors are the kind typically used in wiring circuits. They are made from a small cylinder of
More informationLM 358 Op Amp. If you have small signals and need a more useful reading we could amplify it using the op amp, this is commonly used in sensors.
LM 358 Op Amp S k i l l L e v e l : I n t e r m e d i a t e OVERVIEW The LM 358 is a duel single supply operational amplifier. As it is a single supply it eliminates the need for a duel power supply, thus
More informationHigh voltage power supply (1 to 20 KV)
High voltage power supply ( to 0 KV) Ammar Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Wasif, Muhammad Sabieh Anwar This documentation is divided into two parts, the first part provides a brief overview about the key features
More informationFREE FALL. Introduction. Reference Young and Freedman, University Physics, 12 th Edition: Chapter 2, section 2.5
Physics 161 FREE FALL Introduction This experiment is designed to study the motion of an object that is accelerated by the force of gravity. It also serves as an introduction to the data analysis capabilities
More informationObjectives: Part 1: Build a simple power supply. CS99S Laboratory 1
CS99S Laboratory 1 Objectives: 1. Become familiar with the breadboard 2. Build a logic power supply 3. Use switches to make 1s and 0s 4. Use LEDs to observe 1s and 0s 5. Make a simple oscillator 6. Use
More informationExperiment 7: Forces and Torques on Magnetic Dipoles
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOY Department of Physics 8. Spring 5 OBJECTIVES Experiment 7: Forces and Torques on Magnetic Dipoles 1. To measure the magnetic fields due to a pair of current-carrying
More informationHow To Use Multiisim On A Computer Or A Circuit Design Suite 10.0 (Aero)
MULTISIM TUTORIAL Start Click on Start All Programs National Instruments Circuit Design Suite 10.0 Multisim. Component Toolbar Ammeter/ Voltmeter Toolbar Virtual Component Toolbar Simulation Toolbar Instrument
More informationAnnex: VISIR Remote Laboratory
Open Learning Approach with Remote Experiments 518987-LLP-1-2011-1-ES-KA3-KA3MP Multilateral Projects UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO Annex: VISIR Remote Laboratory OLAREX project report Olga Dziabenko, Unai Hernandez
More informationPHYSICS 111 LABORATORY Experiment #3 Current, Voltage and Resistance in Series and Parallel Circuits
PHYSCS 111 LABORATORY Experiment #3 Current, Voltage and Resistance in Series and Parallel Circuits This experiment is designed to investigate the relationship between current and potential in simple series
More informationParallel Plate Capacitor
Parallel Plate Capacitor Capacitor Charge, Plate Separation, and Voltage A capacitor is used to store electric charge. The more voltage (electrical pressure) you apply to the capacitor, the more charge
More informationEE 242 EXPERIMENT 5: COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS USING PSPICE SCHEMATICS 1
EE 242 EXPERIMENT 5: COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS USING PSPICE SCHEMATICS 1 Objective: To build, simulate, and analyze three-phase circuits using OrCAD Capture Pspice Schematics under balanced
More informationAuto-ranging Digital Multimeter 52-0052-2 INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Auto-ranging Digital Multimeter 52-0052-2 INSTRUCTION MANUAL WARNING: READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS MANUAL BEFORE USING YOUR MULTIMETER. FAILURE TO UNDERSTAND AND COMPLY WITH WARNINGS AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
More informationLab 4 - Data Acquisition
Spring 11 Lab 4 - Data Acquisition Lab 4-1 Lab 4 - Data Acquisition Format This lab will be conducted during your regularly scheduled lab time in a group format. Each student is responsible for learning
More informationKirchhoff s Laws Physics Lab IX
Kirchhoff s Laws Physics Lab IX Objective In the set of experiments, the theoretical relationships between the voltages and the currents in circuits containing several batteries and resistors in a network,
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If the voltage at a point in space is zero, then the electric field must be A) zero. B) positive.
More informationElectromagnetic Induction: Faraday's Law
1 Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's Law OBJECTIVE: To understand how changing magnetic fields can produce electric currents. To examine Lenz's Law and the derivative form of Faraday's Law. EQUIPMENT:
More informationLab 1: The Digital Oscilloscope
PHYSICS 220 Physical Electronics Lab 1: The Digital Oscilloscope Object: To become familiar with the oscilloscope, a ubiquitous instrument for observing and measuring electronic signals. Apparatus: Tektronix
More informationImpedance Matching and Matching Networks. Valentin Todorow, December, 2009
Impedance Matching and Matching Networks Valentin Todorow, December, 2009 RF for Plasma Processing - Definition of RF What is RF? The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms defines
More informationOperational Amplifier - IC 741
Operational Amplifier - IC 741 Tabish December 2005 Aim: To study the working of an 741 operational amplifier by conducting the following experiments: (a) Input bias current measurement (b) Input offset
More informationBeginners Guide to the TDS 210 and TDS 220 Oscilloscopes
Beginners Guide to the TDS 210 and TDS 220 Oscilloscopes By David S. Lay P. Eng Foreword This guide contains information to help you become familiar with using digital oscilloscopes. You should work through
More informationExperiment 8: Undriven & Driven RLC Circuits
Experiment 8: Undriven & Driven RLC Circuits Answer these questions on a separate sheet of paper and turn them in before the lab 1. RLC Circuits Consider the circuit at left, consisting of an AC function
More informationSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering. The Remote Laboratory System. Electrical and Information Engineering Project 2006.
School of Electrical and Information Engineering The Remote Laboratory System Electrical and Information Engineering Project 2006 By Ben Loud Project Number: Supervisors: 2006A Jan Machotka Zorica Nedic
More informationPHASOR DIAGRAMS HANDS-ON RELAY SCHOOL WSU PULLMAN, WA. RON ALEXANDER - BPA
PHASOR DIAGRAMS HANDS-ON RELAY SCHOOL WSU PULLMAN, WA. RON ALEXANDER - BPA What are phasors??? In normal practice, the phasor represents the rms maximum value of the positive half cycle of the sinusoid
More informationLAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
LAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS Objective In this experiment you will study the i-v characteristics of an MOS transistor. You will use the MOSFET as a variable resistor and as a switch. BACKGROUND
More informationDesigning a Schematic and Layout in PCB Artist
Designing a Schematic and Layout in PCB Artist Application Note Max Cooper March 28 th, 2014 ECE 480 Abstract PCB Artist is a free software package that allows users to design and layout a printed circuit
More informationTransistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 8, 1997
Physics 623 Transistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 8, 1997 1 Purpose To measure and understand the common emitter transistor characteristic curves. To use the base current gain
More informationChapter 10. RC Circuits ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 10 RC Circuits Objectives Describe the relationship between current and voltage in an RC circuit Determine impedance and phase angle in a series RC circuit Analyze a series RC circuit Determine
More informationExperiment 8 : Pulse Width Modulation
Name/NetID: Teammate/NetID: Experiment 8 : Pulse Width Modulation Laboratory Outline In experiment 5 we learned how to control the speed of a DC motor using a variable resistor. This week, we will learn
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 OHM S LAW, RESISTORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL
260 7- I. THEOY EXPEIMENT 7 OHM S LAW, ESISTOS IN SEIES AND PAALLEL The purposes of this experiment are to test Ohm's Law, to study resistors in series and parallel, and to learn the correct use of ammeters
More informationConstructing a precision SWR meter and antenna analyzer. Mike Brink HNF, Design Technologist.
Constructing a precision SWR meter and antenna analyzer. Mike Brink HNF, Design Technologist. Abstract. I have been asked to put together a detailed article on a SWR meter. In this article I will deal
More informationUniversity of California, Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EE 105: Microelectronic Devices and Circuits
University of California, Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EE 105: Microelectronic Devices and Circuits LTSpice LTSpice is a free circuit simulator based on Berkeley
More informationRenewable Energy Monitor User Manual And Software Reference Guide. sales@fuelcellstore.com (979) 703-1925
Renewable Energy Monitor User Manual And Software Reference Guide sales@fuelcellstore.com (979) 703-1925 1 Introducing the Horizon Renewable Energy Monitor The Renewable Energy Monitor is an educational
More informationWhat is a multimeter?
What is a multimeter? A multimeter is a devise used to measure voltage, resistance and current in electronics & electrical equipment It is also used to test continuity between to 2 points to verify if
More informationExperiments on the Basics of Electrostatics (Coulomb s law; Capacitor)
Experiments on the Basics of Electrostatics (Coulomb s law; Capacitor) ZDENĚK ŠABATKA Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague The physics textbooks
More informationOutput Ripple and Noise Measurement Methods for Ericsson Power Modules
Output Ripple and Noise Measurement Methods for Ericsson Power Modules Design Note 022 Ericsson Power Modules Ripple and Noise Abstract There is no industry-wide standard for measuring output ripple and
More informationCandidate Number. General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2010
entre Number andidate Number Surname Other Names andidate Signature General ertificate of Education dvanced Level Examination June 1 Physics PHY4/1 Unit 4 Fields and Further Mechanics Section Friday 18
More informationBasic voltmeter use. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Basic voltmeter use This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons ttribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE Last Revised: July 2007
QUESTION TO BE INVESTIGATED ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE Last Revised: July 2007 How can we measure the Landé g factor for the free electron in DPPH as predicted by quantum mechanics? INTRODUCTION Electron
More information5. Measurement of a magnetic field
H 5. Measurement of a magnetic field 5.1 Introduction Magnetic fields play an important role in physics and engineering. In this experiment, three different methods are examined for the measurement of
More informationElectrical Fundamentals Module 3: Parallel Circuits
Electrical Fundamentals Module 3: Parallel Circuits PREPARED BY IAT Curriculum Unit August 2008 Institute of Applied Technology, 2008 ATE310- Electrical Fundamentals 2 Module 3 Parallel Circuits Module
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE ULTRASONIC CERAMIC TRANSDUCERS
APPLICATION NOTE ULTRASONIC CERAMIC TRANSDUCERS Selection and use of Ultrasonic Ceramic Transducers The purpose of this application note is to aid the user in the selection and application of the Ultrasonic
More informationProblem Solving 8: RC and LR Circuits
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Problem Solving 8: RC and LR Circuits Section Table and Group (e.g. L04 3C ) Names Hand in one copy per group at the end of the Friday Problem
More informationUnit 7: Electrical devices LO2: Understand electrical sensors and actuators Sensors temperature the thermistor
Unit 7: Electrical devices LO2: Understand electrical sensors and actuators Sensors temperature the thermistor Instructions and answers for teachers These instructions should accompany the OCR resource
More information