WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2016

Transcription

1 WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2016

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword...3 Sustainable steel...4 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION World crude steel production, 1950 to...7 Top steel-producing companies,...8 Major steel-producing countries, 2014 and...9 Crude steel production by process, Continuously-cast steel output, 2013 to Monthly crude steel production, 2012 to STEEL USE Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Apparent steel use, 2009 to Apparent steel use per capita, 2009 to RAW MATERIALS Pig iron, 2014 and Direct reduced iron production, 2008 to Iron ore, World iron ore trade by area, Trade in ferrous scrap, 2014 and...22 World trade in ferrous scrap by area,...23 STEEL TRADE World trade in steel products, 1975 to World volume of trade, 2000 to World steel exports, analysis by product, 2010 to World steel trade by area,...26 Major importers and exporters of steel, INDIRECT TRADE Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, True steel use, 2008 to Apparent and true steel use per capita, The global economy is going through a difficult phase as markets adjust to slower levels of Chinese growth - the new normal. However, given the expected population increase, emerging new applications for steel and new markets developing, I am convinced that we will again have growth in the steel industry. Without steel modern society could not survive. World crude steel production reached 1,621 million tonnes (Mt) for the year, down by 2.9% compared to In, accounted for 44.8% of the global market for steel (by volume), compared to 45.9% in In, concern over excess capacity once again increased. As mentioned during an OECD high level symposium on the topic, overcapacity is a global problem requiring a global solution; structural adjustments are required. Restructuring is not new; it is an ongoing process as old as the industry itself and it requires appropriate industrial policy developed by governments in cooperation with industry. Barriers to exit as well as social and environmental impacts need to be addressed and planned for. In today s economic context it is ever more crucial that policies promote a level playing field to ensure that steel companies in one region are not put at a disadvantage with steelmakers from other regions or in relation to competing materials. But one must never forget that the key word in any discussion about steel is sustainable. If one longstanding challenge for the industry has been how to produce steel with lower carbon emissions, the new challenge is improving the value of steel in applications. This needs a major focus on innovation. Steel plays a key role in the new circular business model in which all products must be designed and manufactured to be repaired, remanufactured, reused and recycled. The next few pages of this publication give you a glimpse of why steel, thanks to its strength, adaptability, flexibility and durability, is the essential material in the circular economy. This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry activities, stretching from production to steel use to some indications of global trade flows. For details on the notation used in this publication, please refer to page 30. Dr Edwin Basson Director General 3

3 SUSTAINABLE STEEL As a permanent material, steel is essential to achieving a circular economy. Reduce To reduce is to decrease the amount of material, energy and other resources used to create steel as well as decreasing the weight of steel used in products by developing higher strength steels. Remanufacture Remanufacture is the process of restoring durable, used steel products to as-new condition. End-of-life turbine WEIGHT REDUCTION BENEFITS Job creation in R&D Reduced CO 2 emissions Automotive Construction Packaging High-strength steels have led to a 25 to 40% weight reduction over the past three decades, with corresponding decreases in emissions and energy use Reduced use of raw materials Reduced transport impact Recertification Remanufacturing steel products can signifcantly extend the life span of a component and preserve the energy used to create it. Remanufacture Disassembly Inspection Use and reuse Reduced energy use Recycle Reuse is using an object or material again, either for its original purpose or for a similar purpose, without significantly altering its physical form. Rail tracks or construction beams can, for example, be reused once their initial use is fulfilled. Steelmaking by-products can also be used in new applications, such as slag in concrete. STEEL PRODUCTION OUTPUT By-products 32.9% of steelmaking by-products are used to make new products, such as fertilisers, electricity, cement, roadstones, paint, and much more. Waste is reduced to a minimum. Recycling is melting steel products at the end of their useful life to create new steels. Recycling alters the physical form of the steel object so that a new application can be created from the recycled material. Earth Pre-consumer recycling Manufacturing Steel 64.4% Waste 2.7% Post-consumer recycling For more examples, visit the circular economy section of worldsteel.org Today 650 million tonnes of steel are recycled every year. 4 5

4 SUSTAINABLE STEEL WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO Life Cycle Assessment million tonnes worldsteel continues to promote the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the only way to establish with accuracy the environmental performance of any given product throughout its full lifetime. An LCA of a steel product looks at resource and energy use, as well as byproducts and emissions released to air, water and land, from the raw material extraction phase to its end-of-life phase, including recycling and disposal. LCA can be used to identify priorities for improvements in process operations and product design and development. This ensures that improvements in one life cycle phase do not result in unintended consequences in another phase or impact category. Years World Years World , , , ,348 Years World , , , , , , ,670 1,621 steeluniversity The steel industry needs to attract and retain young talent to drive the process of innovation forward. steeluniversity, a worldsteel initiative, is an industry university delivering education and training to current and future employees of steel companies and related businesses. steeluniversity delivers online courses on steel manufacturing, steel applications, ferrous metallurgy, business, environment and safety. A new steel competitive game called steelbusiness has been launched to provide training to understand steel company finances as you run a virtual steel company. Annual highlights include steelmanagement (a four-day residential course on steel business strategy) and steelchallenge (a global competition for young people using a manufacturing simulation). Safety and health 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Average Growth Rates % per annum Years World Nothing is more important than the safety and health of people who work in the steel industry. worldsteel is set up to support its members to achieve the zero goal, an injury-free and healthy workplace for employees and contractors. This year, worldsteel produced an updated position paper on safety and health in which the organisation outlines its activities. One of the key initiatives is the Steel Safety Day held every year on 28 April. Its aim is to reinforce the leadership needed to eliminate the top five causes of serious injury: moving machinery, falling from heights, falling objects, gas and asphyxiation, and overhead cranes. Other worldsteel activities include safety workshops, shop floor audits, sharing of metrics and best practices, and an annual safety and health recognition programme

5 TOP STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2014 AND million tonnes crude steel production Rank Company Tonnage Rank Company Tonnage 1 ArcelorMittal SAIL Hesteel Group IMIDRO NSSMC Rizhao Steel POSCO Fangda Steel Baosteel Group (1) JSW Steel Limited Shagang Group MMK Ansteel Group Baotou Steel JFE Steel Corporation Severstal Shougang Group Jingye Steel Tata Steel Group Liuzhou Steel (2) Wuhan Steel Group (2) Anyang Steel Shandong Steel Group Zongheng Steel Hyundai Steel Taiyuan Steel Nucor Corporation Jinxi Steel Maanshan Steel Metinvest Holding thyssenkrupp Sanming Steel Gerdau Zenith Steel Tianjin Bohai Steel Erdemir Group NLMK Xinyu Steel Jianlong Group Nanjing Steel Benxi Steel Techint Group Valin Group Guofeng Steel Steel Corporation voestalpine Group U. S. Steel Corporation Jiuquan Steel EVRAZ CITIC Pacifc 7.61 (1) Baosteel now has minority ownership in Ningbo therefore Ningbo tonnage is not included. (2) Liuzhou Steel is no longer part of Wuhan Steel Group and is now listed separately. Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: For worldsteel members, the data was sourced from their official tonnage declaration. For Chinese companies, the official CISA tonnage publication was used. In cases of more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidiary s tonnage is included. In cases of 30%-50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified, less than 30% ownership is considered a minority interest and therefore not included. For an extended company listing, go to worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers. million tonnes crude steel production Country 2014 Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage Japan India United States Russia South Korea Germany Brazil Turkey Ukraine Italy Taiwan, Mexico Iran France Spain Canada United Kingdom Poland Austria Belgium Netherlands South Africa Viet Nam (e) Egypt Czech Republic Saudi Arabia Argentina Australia Slovak Republic Sweden Indonesia (e) Malaysia (e) Finland Kazakhstan Thailand Romania United Arab Emirates Pakistan Qatar Byelorussia Luxembourg Portugal (e) Oman (e) Hungary Switzerland (e) Venezuela North Korea (e) Colombia Philippines (e) Others World 1, ,

6 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION BY PROCESS, CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT 2013 TO Million tonnes Oxygen % Electric % Open hearth % Other % Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia 1, Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in. Total % Million tonnes % Crude steel output Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (e) Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East India (e) Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia 1, , , Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, , , The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in

7 million tonnes Total 66 reporting countries 145 million tonnes NAFTA 12 MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 2012 TO actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data European Union (28) 17 Central and South America CIS (6) 10.0 actual data deseasonalised data Japan 10.0 actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data The 66 reporting countries Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile,, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan,, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela actual data deseasonalised data In, these 66 countries accounted for more than 98% of world crude steel actual data deseasonalised data production

8 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2005 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Crude steel production World total: 1,149 million tonnes Crude steel production World total: 1,621 million tonnes Japan 9.8% Other Asia 11.4% Others 7.7% 31.0% EU (28) 17.0% CIS 9.9% NAFTA 11.0% Other Europe 2.3% Japan 6.5% Other Asia 12.6% Others 5.8% 49.6% EU (28) 10.2% Other Europe 2.2% CIS 6.3% NAFTA 6.8% Others comprise: Africa 1.6 % Middle East 1.3 % Central and South America 4.1 % Australia and New Zealand 0.8 % Others comprise: Africa 0.8 % Middle East 1.8 % Central and South America 2.8 % Australia and New Zealand 0.4 % Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: 1,046 million tonnes Apparent steel use (finished steel products) World total: 1,500 million tonnes Japan 7.3% Other Asia 14.9% Others 9.1% 33.2% EU (28) 16.0% NAFTA 13.1% Other Europe 2.3% CIS 4.0% Japan 4.2% Other Asia 16.2% Others 9.6% 44.8% EU (28) 10.2% Other Europe 2.7% CIS 3.3% NAFTA 9.0% Others comprise: Africa 1.9 % Middle East 3.3 % Central and South America 3.1 % Australia and New Zealand 0.8 % Others comprise: Africa 2.6 % Middle East 3.5 % Central and South America 3.0 % Australia and New Zealand 0.5 % 14 15

9 APPARENT STEEL USE 2009 TO APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2009 TO million tonnes fnished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia , , Oceania World 1, , , , , , ,500.1 kilogrammes fnished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (28) European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea , , , , , ,113.6 Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Oceania World

10 million tonnes PIG IRON 2014 AND million tonnes DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION 2008 TO Production 2014 Production - Exports + Imports Apparent = Consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Other Latin America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East India Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Other Oceania Oceania World 1, , , Germany Sweden European Union (28) Russia Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Peru Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Central and South America Egypt Libya South Africa (e) Africa Iran Oman (e) Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Middle East India Indonesia (e) Malaysia (e) Asia World

11 IRON ORE 2014 WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA million tonnes actual weight Production - Exports + Imports = Apparent Consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Bosnia-Herzegovina Norway Turkey Other Europe Europe CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Chile Peru Venezuela Other America Central and South America Liberia Mauritania South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East (1) ,126.2 India Japan South Korea Other Asia Asia , ,553.0 Australia New Zealand and Other Oceania World 2, , , ,030.2 million tonnes actual weight Exporting Region Destination European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports , ,407.8 of which: extraregional exports* Net exports (exports - imports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Asia Oceania Total imports , , of which: extra-regional imports* (1) Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average. Source: United Nations

12 TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP 2014 AND WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP BY AREA, million tonnes Exports Imports Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union (28) Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Other Central and South America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East Japan South Korea Taiwan, Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World million tonnes Exporting Region Destination European Union (28) European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa and Middle East Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net exports (exportsimports) Japan Other Asia Oceania * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Total imports of which: extra-regional imports* 22 23

13 WORLD STEEL TRADE IN PRODUCTS 1975 TO WORLD STEEL EXPORTS, ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT 2010 TO million tonnes fnished steel Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products. Production of finished steel, where not available from national sources, is calculated from crude steel production, taking into account the continuous casting ratio. Quantum indices 2000 = steel-containing manufactured goods steel all commodities Year Exports Production Exports share % , , , , , , , , , , , WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE 2000 TO million tonnes Ingots and semi-fnished material Railway track material Angles, shapes and sections Concrete re-inforcing bars Bars and rods, hot-rolled Wire rod Drawn wire Other bars and rods Hot-rolled strip Cold-rolled strip Hot-rolled sheets and coils Plates Cold-rolled sheets and coils Electrical sheet and strip Tinmill products Galvanised sheet Other coated sheet Steel tubes and fttings Wheels (forged and rolled) and axles Castings Forgings Other Total Exports in World Steel in Figures include intra-eu trade, trade between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots, semi-finished products, hot-rolled and cold-finished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises the exports of 62 countries, which represents approximately 92 per cent of total world trade in

14 WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL million tonnes million tonnes Exporting Region European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Destination European Union (28) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Africa and Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total imports of which: extra-regional imports* Rank Total Exports Mt Japan European Union (28) (1) South Korea Russia Germany (2) Ukraine Italy (2) Belgium (2) Turkey France (2) Brazil Taiwan, Netherlands (2) United States Spain (2) India Austria (2) United Kingdom (2) Canada 6.0 Rank Total Imports Mt 1 European Union (28) (1) United States Germany (2) South Korea Italy (2) Turkey Viet Nam Thailand France (2) India Mexico Belgium (2) Indonesia Poland (2) Spain (2) Canada Egypt Taiwan, United Kingdom (2) 7.2 Middle East Japan Other Asia Oceania Total exports of which: extra-regional exports* Net exports (exportsimports) * Excluding intra-regional trade marked Rank Net Exports (exports - imports) Mt Japan Russia Ukraine Brazil South Korea Netherlands (2) Taiwan, Austria (2) Belgium (2) Slovakia (2) Luxembourg Singapore Kazakhstan Finland (2) 0.9 (1) Excluding intra-regional trade Rank Net Imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Viet Nam Thailand Indonesia Mexico Egypt Saudi Arabia Algeria United Arab Emirates India Poland (2) Bangladesh European Union (28) (1) Iran Turkey 3.7 (2) Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade 26 27

15 INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL 2000 TO 2014 TRUE STEEL USE 2008 TO 2014 Mt Indirect exports, Mt % Indirect exports as a percentage 350 of exports of steel products, % Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used. Year Indirect Exports, Mt Further explanation on definitions and methodology of indirect trade in steel can be found in Indirect Trade in Steel report (March ) on worldsteel.org. MAJOR INDIRECT IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL 2014 million tonnes, fnished steel equivalent Rank Indirect Exports Mt Germany* Japan United States South Korea Mexico Italy* Poland* Spain* France* 7.9 Rank Net Indirect Exports (exports - imports) Mt South Korea Japan Germany* Italy* Rank Indirect Imports Mt 1 United States Germany* Canada United Kingdom* France* Mexico Russia Belgium-Luxembourg* Japan 7.4 Rank Net Indirect Imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Russia Canada United Kingdom* Australia 4.8 * Data for individual European Union (28) countries include intra-european trade million tonnes, fnished steel equivalent Germany France Italy Spain United Kingdom European Union (28) Turkey Other Europe Russia CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil South America Africa and Middle East Japan South Korea Asia and Oceania Total (1) 1, , , , , , ,460.0 (1) Total comprises 74 countries, the most signifcant users of steel products worldwide Note: True steel use (TSU) is obtained by subtracting net indirect exports of steel from apparent steel use (ASU). South Korea Canada Japan United States Turkey Germany Russia Italy United Kingdom France Spain Mexico Brazil APPARENT AND TRUE STEEL USE PER CAPITA, 2014 kilogrammes, fnished steel equivalent True steel use per capita Apparent steel use per capita ,000 1,

16 ABOUT WORLDSTEEL The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents approximately 150 steel producers (including 9 of the world s 10 largest steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of world steel production. worldsteel s mission is to act as the focal point for the steel industry. worldsteel provides global leadership on all major strategic issues affecting the industry, particularly focusing on economic, environmental and social sustainability. worldsteel promotes steel and the steel industry to customers, the industry, media and the general public. It assists its members to develop the market for steel. worldsteel has major projects in the automotive and construction sectors. This publication is printed on Olin paper. Olin is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council as environmentally-responsible paper. Notation used in this publication: (e) indicates a figure that has been estimated. 0.0 indicates that the quantity concerned is less than indicates zero or no data. 30 World Steel in Figures World Steel Association 2016 ISBN Cover image: Musée des Confluences, Lyon, France, COOP HIMMELB(L)AU Wolf D. Prix & Partner ; Photography Sergio Pirrone Design: double-id.com

17 World Steel Association Rue Colonel Bourg 120 B-1140 Brussels Belgium T: +32 (0) F: +32 (0) E: [email protected] C413 Office Building Beijing Lufthansa Center 50 Liangmaqiao Road Chaoyang District Beijing T: F: E: [email protected] worldsteel.org