INTERNATIONAL ENERGY KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS 2003

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3 S T KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS A T I S T I C S

4 IEA participating countries are 2 Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

5 The International Energy Agency The IEA, which was established in November 1974, has over the years gained recognition as one of the world s most authoritative sources for energy statistics. Its massive annual studies of oil, natural gas, coal and electricity are indispensable tools for energy policy makers, companies involved in the energy field and scholars. In 1997 the IEA produced a handy, pocket-sized summary of key energy data. This new edition responds to the enormously positive reaction to the books over the last five years. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA contains timely, clearly-presented data on the supply, transformation and consumption of all major energy sources. The interested businessman, journalist or student will have at his fingertips the annual American production of coal, the electricity consumption in Thailand, the price of diesel oil in South Africa and thousands of other useful energy facts. Gathering and analysing statistics is one of the IEA s important functions. But the Agency an autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development also: administers a plan to guard Member countries against the risk of a major disruption of oil supplies; coordinates national efforts to conserve energy and develop alternative energy sources, as well as to limit pollution and energy-related climate change; disseminates information on the world energy market and seeks to promote stable international trade in energy. 3

6 TABLE TABLE OF TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS CONTENTS

7 SUPPLY 1 TRANSFORMATION 2 CONSUMPTION 3 ENERGY BALANCES 4 PRICES 5 EMISSIONS 6 OUTLOOK 7 ENERGY INDICATORS 8 CONVERSION FACTORS 9 GLOSSARY 10

8 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY The World Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Total Primary Energy Supply* by Fuel (Mtoe) Coal Hydro Oil Gas Combustible Renewables & Waste Nuclear Other** Hydro 1.8% Nuclear 0.9% Natural Gas 16.2% 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of TPES* Combustible Renewables & Waste 11.1% Other** 0.1% Coal 24.8% Oil 45.1% Hydro 2.2% Nuclear 6.9% Natural Gas 21.2% Combustible Renewables & Waste 10.9% Mtoe Mtoe Other** 0.5% Coal 23.3 % Oil 35.0% 6 *Excludes international marine bunkers and electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

9 BY FUEL 1 The Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Primary Energy Supply* by Fuel (Mtoe) Coal Hydro Oil Gas Combustible Renewables & Waste Nuclear Other** 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of TPES* Gas 18.8% Hydro 2.1% Nuclear 1.3% Combustible Renewables & Waste 2.1% Other** 0.2% Coal 22.4% Oil 53.1% Hydro 2.0% Nuclear 11.2% Gas 21.3% Combustible Renewables & Waste 3.3% Other** 0.7% Mtoe Mtoe Coal 20.8% Oil 40.8% *Excludes electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. 7

10 S U P P L Y TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY The World Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Total Primary Energy Supply* by Region (Mtoe) China Middle East Asia** Former USSR Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of TPES* Non- Europe China 7.2% Asia** 6.2% 1.6% Former USSR 14.4% Middle East 1.1% Latin America 3.7% Africa 3.5% 62.3% Latin Asia** America 11.5% 4.5% China 11.5% Non- Europe 1.0% Former USSR 9.3% Middle East 3.9% Mtoe Mtoe *Excludes international marine bunkers and electricity trade. **Asia excludes China. Africa 5.1% 53.2%

11 BY REGION 1 The Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Primary Energy Supply* by Region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of TPES* Europe 37.1% Europe 33.8% Pacific 10.9% North America 52.0% Pacific 15.9% North America 50.3% Mtoe Mtoe *Excludes electricity trade. 9

12 S U P P L Y Crude Oil Production Evolution from 1971 to 2002 of Crude Oil Production by Region (Mt) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia* Latin America Africa 1973 and 2002 Regional Shares of Crude Oil Production Non- Europe 0.7% Former USSR 15.0% China 1.9% Asia* 3.2% Latin America 8.6% Africa 10.0% Non- Europe 0.2% Former USSR 13.1% China 4.8% Asia* 4.9% Latin America 9.5% Africa 10.6% Middle East 36.9% 23.7% Middle East 28.5% 28.4% Mt Mt 10 *Asia excludes China.

13 Producers, Exporters and Importers of Crude Oil 1 % of Producers Mt World total Saudi Arabia Russia United States Mexico Islamic Rep. of Iran People s Rep. of China Norway Venezuela Canada United Kingdom Rest of the World World data Exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 303 Russia 162 Norway 151 Islamic Rep. of Iran 119 Venezuela 109 Nigeria 105 Mexico 93 Iraq 90 United Kingdom 87 United Arab Emirates 79 Rest of the World 663 World data Importers Mt United States 526 Japan 209 Korea 119 Germany 105 Italy 91 France 86 India 79 Netherlands 61 People s Rep. of China 60 Spain 58 Rest of the World 663 World data

14 S U P P L Y 3000 Natural Gas Production Evolution from 1971 to 2002 of Natural Gas Production by Region (Billion Cubic Metres) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia* Latin America Africa 1973 and 2002 Regional Shares of Natural Gas Production Middle East 2.1% Former USSR 19.7% Non- Europe 2.6% Asia* China 1.0% 0.4% Latin America 2.0% Africa 0.8% Former USSR 28.3% Non- Europe 0.5% China 1.4% Asia* 8.4% Latin America 4.0% Africa 5.2% % Middle East 9.6% Bcm Bcm *Asia excludes China. 42.6%

15 Producers, Exporters and Importers* of Natural Gas 1 % of Producers Mm 3 World total Russia United States Canada United Kingdom Algeria Netherlands Indonesia Norway Islamic Rep. of Iran Saudi Arabia Rest of the World World data Exporters Mm 3 Russia Canada Algeria Norway Netherlands Turkmenistan Indonesia Malaysia Qatar United States Rest of the World World** data Importers Mm 3 United States Germany Japan Italy Ukraine France Netherlands Korea Spain Turkey Rest of the World *Exports and Imports include pipeline gas and LNG. **World trade includes intra trade of Former USSR. World** data 13

16 S U P P L Y Hard Coal Production Evolution from 1971 to 2002 of Hard Coal Production by Region (Mt) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia* Latin America Africa 1973 and 2002 Regional Shares of Hard Coal Production Non- Europe 0.4% China 18.7% Asia* 4.8% Latin America 0.3% Africa 3.1% China 34.6% Asia* 12.5% Latin America 1.5% Africa 5.9% Former USSR 22.9% 49.8% Non- Europe 0.1% Former USSR 8.3% 37.1% Mt Mt 14 *Asia excludes China.

17 Producers, Exporters and Importers of Coal 1 Hard Brown Producers Coal Coal (Mt) (Mt) People s Rep. of China * United States India Australia South Africa Russia Poland Indonesia Ukraine 83 1 Kazakhstan 71 3 Rest of the World World data *Included in Hard Coal. Hard Exporters Coal (Mt) Australia 198 People s Rep. of China 86 Indonesia 73 South Africa 69 Russia 45 United States 35 Colombia 34 Canada 27 Poland 23 Kazakhstan 14 Rest of the World 36 World data Importers Hard Coal (Mt) Japan 159 Korea 70 Chinese Taipei 52 Germany 31 United Kingdom 29 India 25 Spain 25 Netherlands 22 Russia 21 Canada 19 Rest of the World 206 World data 15

18 S U P P L Y Nuclear Production Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Nuclear Production by Region (TWh) Former USSR Non- Europe Asia* Other** 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Nuclear Production Former USSR 5.9% Asia* 1.3% Non- Europe 1.1% Former USSR 8.5% Asia* 2.2% Other** 1.9% 92.8% 86.3% 203 TWh TWh 16 *Asia excludes China. ** Other Includes Africa, Latin America & China.

19 Producers of Nuclear Electricity 1 % of Producers TWh World total United States France Japan Germany Russia Korea United Kingdom Canada Ukraine Sweden Rest of the World World data Installed Capacity GW United States 95 France 63 Japan 44 Germany 21 Russia 21 Canada 14 Korea 13 United Kingdom 12 Ukraine 11 Sweden 9 Rest of the World 53 World data Source: Commissariat à l Énergie Atomique (France). % of Country nuclear (based on first in total 10 producers) domestic electricity generation France 77 Sweden 45 Ukraine 44 Korea 40 Japan 31 Germany 30 United Kingdom 23 United States 21 Russia 15 Canada 13 Rest of the World* 9 World 17 *Countries with nuclear production only data 17

20 S U P P L Y 3000 Hydro Production Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Hydro Production by Region (TWh) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia* Latin America Africa 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Hydro Production Former USSR 9.4% Middle East 0.3% Non- Europe 2.2% China 2.9% Asia* 4.3% Latin America 7.2% Africa 2.2% 71.5% China 10.5% Asia* 6.6% Non- Europe 1.8% Former USSR 9.1% Middle East 0.6% Latin America 19.5% Africa 3.0% 48.9% TWh TWh 18 *Asia excludes China.

21 Producers of Hydro Electricity 1 % of Producers TWh World total Canada People s Rep. of China Brazil United States Russia Norway Japan Sweden France India Rest of the World World data Installed GW Capacity (based on production) United States 98 Canada 67 Brazil 61 People s Rep. of China 55 Japan 45 Russia 44 Norway 30 France 25 India 24 Italy 22 Rest of the World 284 World data Sources: United Nations, IEA. * Countries with hydro production only. % of Country hydro (based on first in total 10 producers) domestic electricity generation Norway 99.3 Brazil 81.7 Canada 56.7 Sweden 49.0 Russia 19.7 People s Rep. of China 18.9 France 14.3 India 12.8 Japan 9.0 United States 5.7 Rest of the World* 16.5 World data 19

22 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Product Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Refinery Production by Product (Mt) LPG/Ethane/Naphtha Middle Distillates Motor Gasoline Residual Fuel Aviation Fuels Other Products 1973 and 2001 Shares of Refinery Production by Product Residual Fuel 33.8% Other Products 9.2% LPG/Ethane/ Naphtha 5.8% Middle Distillates 26.0% Motor Gasoline 21.0% Aviation Fuels 4.2% Residual Fuel 17.7% Other Products 11.8% LPG/Ethane/ Naphtha 8.2% Middle Distillates 32.1% Motor Gasoline 24.2% Aviation Fuels 6.0% Mt Mt 20

23 Producers, Exporters and Importers of Petroleum Products 2 % of Producers Mt World total United States Japan People s Rep. of China Russia Korea Germany India Canada Italy France Rest of the World World data Exporters Mt Netherlands 66 Russia 56 Saudi Arabia 54 United States 50 Singapore 40 Korea 39 Venezuela 34 Kuwait 28 Algeria 22 Italy 22 Rest of the World 368 World data Importers Mt United States 80 Netherlands 47 Japan 47 Germany 44 Singapore 43 France 28 People s Rep. of China 27 Korea 24 Spain 21 United Kingdom 17 Rest of the World 320 World data 21

24 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Refining by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Refinery Throughput by Region (Mt) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia* Latin America Africa Former USSR 12.4% Middle East 4.0% 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Refinery Throughput Non- Europe 1.5% China 1.5% Asia* 3.3% Latin America 9.0% Africa 1.7% 66.6% Non- Europe 0.8% Former USSR 7.0% Middle East 8.1% China 5.7% Asia* 9.6% 2741 Mt Mt Latin America 6.8% Africa 3.6% 58.4% 22 *Asia excludes China.

25 Refinery Capacity, Net Exporters and Net Importers of Oil* 2 Crude Distillation Capacity % of kb/cd World total United States Former USSR People s Rep. of China Japan Korea Italy Germany Canada France United Kingdom Rest of the World World data *Crude oil and petroleum products. Net Exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 357 Russia 213 Norway 156 Venezuela 143 Islamic Rep. of Iran 128 Nigeria 102 United Arab Emirates 96 Iraq 93 Kuwait 90 Mexico 81 Rest of the World data Net Importers Mt United States 553 Japan 251 Germany 129 Korea 103 France 94 Italy 85 India 76 Spain 73 People s Rep. of China 69 Singapore 44 Rest of the World data 23

26 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation* by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Electricity Generation* by Fuel (TWh) Thermal Nuclear Hydro Other** 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of Electricity Generation* Nuclear 3.3% Hydro 21.0% Other** 0.6% Coal 38.3% Hydro 16.6% Other** 1.8% Coal 38.7% Gas 12.1% Nuclear 17.1% Oil 24.7% Gas 18.3% Oil 7.5% TWh TWh *Excludes pumped storage. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, combustible renewables & waste.

27 Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels 2 Coal TWh United States People s Rep. of China India 452 Germany 301 Japan 239 South Africa 199 Australia 170 Russia 169 Poland 137 United Kingdom 134 Rest of the World World data Oil TWh United States 134 Japan 117 Mexico 93 Saudi Arabia 87 Italy 75 People s Rep. of China 47 Iraq 34 Russia 30 Chinese Taipei 30 Islamic Rep. of Iran 28 Rest of the World 493 World data Gas TWh United States 646 Russia 377 Japan 257 United Kingdom 143 Italy 104 Islamic Rep. of Iran 97 Thailand 72 Germany 57 Egypt 56 Malaysia 56 Rest of the World 963 World data 25

28 T R A N S F O R M A T I O N Electricity Generation* by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Electricity Generation* by Region (TWh) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Electricity Generation* 26 Former USSR 15.0% Middle East 0.6% Non- Europe 1.7% China 2.8% Asia** Latin 2.6% America 2.7% Africa 1.8% 72.8% Non- Europe 1.2% Former USSR 8.3% Middle East 3.2% China 9.7% Asia** 8.3% TWh TWh * Excludes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China. Latin America 4.9% Africa 3.1% 61.3%

29 Producers, Exporters and Importers of Electricity 2 Producers* % of TWh World total United States People s Rep. of China Japan Russia Canada Germany India France United Kingdom Brazil Rest of the World World data Exporters** TWh France 73 Germany 42 Canada 39 Paraguay 39 Switzerland 35 Russia 26 Czech Republic 19 Sweden 18 United States 18 Austria 14 Rest of the World 164 World data Importers** TWh Italy 49 Germany 46 United States 38 Brazil 38 Switzerland 24 Netherlands 21 Canada 16 Belgium 16 Austria 14 Finland 12 Rest of the World 221 ** Gross production less production from pumped storage plants. ** Total exports and total imports (including transit). World data 27

30 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION The World Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Total Final Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe) Coal Combustible Renewables & Waste* Oil Electricity Gas Other** Combustible Renewables & Waste 13.1% 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of Total Final Consumption Electricity 9.6% Other** 1.7% Coal 13.7% Combustible Renewables & Waste 14.2% Electricity 15.6% Other** 3.6% Coal 7.4% 28 Gas 14.8% Oil 47.1% Gas 16.3% Mtoe Mtoe * Prior to 1994 Combustible Renewables & Waste final consumption has been estimated based on TPES. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. Oil 43.0%

31 BY FUEL The Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe) Coal Combustible Renewables & Waste Oil Electricity Gas Other* 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of Total Final Consumption Combustible Renewables & Waste 2.7% Electricity 11.4% Other* 0.7% Coal 10.1% Combustible Renewables & Waste 3.4% Electricity 19.1% Other* 1.6% Coal 3.4% Gas 18.2% Oil 56.8% Gas 19.6% Oil 52.9% Mtoe Mtoe *Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. 29

32 C O N S U M P T I O N 30 TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION China Middle East Asia** The World Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World Total Final Consumption* by Region (Mtoe) Former USSR 14.1% Middle East 2.1% Former USSR Latin America Non- Europe Africa 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Total Final Consumption* Non- Europe 2.7% China 5.8% Asia** 5.1% Latin America 5.0% Africa 2.8% 62.4% Non- China 11.4% Europe 0.9% Former USSR 9.0% Middle East 4.0% Asia** 11.8% Mtoe Mtoe Latin America 5.1% Africa 5.5% * Prior to 1994 Combustible Renewables & Waste final consumption has been estimated based on TPES. **Asia excludes China. 52.3%

33 BY REGION The Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Region (Mtoe) North America Pacific Europe 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of Total Final Consumption Europe 36.7% Europe 35.0% Pacific 10.5% North America 52.8% Pacific 15.3% North America 49.7% Mtoe Mtoe 31

34 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION Coal Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* Non-energy use 1973 and 2001 Shares of World Coal Consumption Other sectors* 50.9% Non-energy use 0.8% Transport 1.1% Other sectors* 21.8% Non-energy use 2.1% 32 Transport 4.2% Industry** 44.1% Industry 75.0% 623 Mtoe 515 Mtoe *Other sectors (agriculture, commercial & public service, residential and non-specified) includes industry for China prior to **1973 share for industry should be much higher due to the reason explained in the above note.

35 BY SECTOR Oil Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* Non-energy use Other sectors* 25.2% 1973 and 2001 Shares of World Oil Consumption Non-energy use 6.4% Other sectors* 17.1% Non-energy use 6.2% Transport 42.2% Industry 26.2% Transport 57.0% Industry 19.7% Mtoe Mtoe *Other sectors comprises agriculture, commercial & public service, residential and non-specified. 33

36 C O N S U M P T I O N TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION Gas Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* 1973 and 2001 Shares of World Gas Consumption Other sectors* 41.0% Other sectors* 50.4% Transport 2.6% Industry 56.4% Transport 4.8% Industry 44.8% 672 Mtoe Mtoe 34 *Other sectors comprises agriculture, commercial & public service, residential and non-specified.

37 BY SECTOR Electricity Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of Total Final Consumption by Sector (Mtoe) Industry Transport Other sectors* 1973 and 2001 Shares of World Electricity Consumption Other sectors* 46.3% Other sectors* 56.5% Transport 2.4% Industry 51.3% Transport 1.8% Industry 41.7% 439 Mtoe Mtoe *Other sectors comprises agriculture, commercial & public service, residential and non-specified. 35

38 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY The World 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other** Total CONSUMPTION Oil Products Renewables & Waste* Indigenous Prod Imports Exports Stock Changes TPES Intl. Marine Bunkers Transfers Statistical Diff Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Gas Works Pet. Refineries Coal Transf Liquefaction Plants Other Transf Own Use Distribution Losses TFC Industry Sector Transport Sector Other Sectors Non Energy Use *Combustible Renewables & Waste final consumption has been estimated based on TPES. **Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.

39 BALANCE TABLE The World 2001 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other* Total CONSUMPTION Oil Products Renewables & Waste Indigenous Prod Imports Exports Stock Changes TPES Intl. Marine Bunkers Transfers Statistical Diff Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Gas Works Pet. Refineries Coal Transf Liquefaction Plants Other Transf Own Use Distribution Losses TFC Industry Sector Transport Sector Other Sectors Non Energy Use * Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. 37

40 E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S SIMPLIFIED ENERGY The 1973 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other* Total CONSUMPTION Oil Products Renewables & Waste Indigenous Prod Imports Exports Intl. Marine Bunkers Stock Changes TPES Transfers Statistical Diff Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Gas Works Pet. Refineries Coal Transf Liquefaction Plants Other Transf Own Use Distribution Losses TFC Industry Sector Transport Sector Other Sectors Non Energy Use *Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc.

41 BALANCE TABLE The 2001 (Mtoe) SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Combustible Other* Total CONSUMPTION Oil Products Renewables & Waste Indigenous Prod Imports Exports Intl. Marine Bunkers Stock Changes TPES Transfers Statistical Diff Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Gas Works Pet. Refineries Coal Transf Liquefaction Plants Other Transf Own Use Distribution Losses TFC Industry Sector Transport Sector Other Sectors Non Energy Use *Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. 39

42 P R I C E S Crude Oil Key Crude Oil Spot Prices in US Dollars/barrel 0 Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Dubai Monthly Averages Brent WTI Petroleum Products Rotterdam Oil Product Spot Prices in US Dollars/barrel Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Premium Monthly Averages Gasoil HFO

43 Coal Steam Coal Import Costs in US Dollars/tonne Q-83 1Q-85 1Q-87 1Q-89 1Q-91 1Q-93 1Q-95 1Q-97 1Q-99 1Q-01 1Q-03 EU Quarterly Averages Japan 5 Natural Gas Natural Gas Import Prices in US Dollars/MBtu Yearly Averages 41 Japan** USA* Belgium* Germany* *Pipeline **LNG Spain*

44 P R I C E S RETAIL PRICES (a) Heavy Fuel Oil Light Fuel Oil Automotive Unleaded for Industry (b) for Households Diesel Oil (c) Premium (d) (tonne) (1000 litres) (litre) (litre) 42 Australia.. L.. L L L Austria L L L L Belgium L L L L Canada L L L L Chinese Taipei L x L L L Czech Republic L L L L Denmark L L L L Finland L L L L France L L L L Germany L L L L Greece L L L L Hungary L L L L India L L L L Ireland L L L L Italy L L L L Japan L L L L Korea L L L.. L Luxembourg L L L L Mexico L.. L L L Netherlands L L L L New Zealand L.. L L L Norway L L L L Poland L L L L Portugal L x L L L Slovak Republic L L L L South Africa L.. L L L Spain L L L L Sweden x L L L L Switzerland L L L L Turkey L L L L United Kingdom L L L L United States L L L L (a) Prices are for 4th Quarter 2002, or latest available (L). (b) Low Sulphur Fuel Oil for Belgium, Chinese Taipei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovak Republic and Switzerland; High Sulphur Fuel Oil for all other countries. (c) For commercial purposes. (d) Unleaded Regular for Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand

45 IN SELECTED COUNTRIES in US Dollars/Unit Nat Gas for Nat Gas for Steam Coal Electricity for Electricity for Industry (e) Households (e) for Industry (f) Industry (g) Households (g) (10 7 kcal GCV*) (10 7 kcal GCV*) (tonne) (kwh) (kwh) L L.. L L L Australia L L L L L Austria L L.. L L L Belgium L L.. L L L Canada L L L L L Chinese Taipei L L L L L Czech Republic c L L L L L Denmark L L L L L Finland L L L L L France L L L L L Germany L L.. L L L Greece L L L L L Hungary.. L.. L L L L India L L.. L L L Ireland L L L L L Italy L L L L L Japan.. L.. L L L L Korea L.. L.. L L Luxembourg L.. L x L L L Mexico L L.. L L L Netherlands L L c L L L New Zealand x L x L L L L Norway L L L L L Poland L L L L L Portugal L L L L L Slovak Republic L x L L L L South Africa L L.. L L L Spain.. L.. L L L L Sweden L L L L L Switzerland L L L L L Turkey L L L L L United Kingdom L L L L L United States 5 and the United States; Leaded Regular for India. (e) Gross calorific value. (f) Brown coal for the Czech Republic and Turkey. (g) Price excluding tax for Australia and the United States. (L) Latest data available... not available x not applicable c confidential 43

46 E M I S S I O N S CO 2 Emissions by Fuel Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World CO 2 Emissions* by Fuel (Mt of CO 2 ) Coal Oil Gas 1973 and 2001 Fuel Shares of CO 2 Emissions* Gas 14.4% Coal 34.9% Gas 20.0% Coal 38.0% Oil 50.7% Oil 42.0% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 44 * Calculated using IEA s Energy Balance Tables and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only.

47 CO 2 Emissions by Region Evolution from 1971 to 2001 of World CO 2 Emissions* by Region (Mt of CO 2 ) Middle East Former USSR Non- Europe China Asia** Latin America Africa Bunkers 1973 and 2001 Regional Shares of CO 2 Emissions* Non- Europe Former 1.7% USSR 14.4% Middle East 1.0% China 5.7% Asia** 3.0% Latin America 2.7% Africa 1.9% Bunkers 3.6% 65.9% Non- Europe 1.1% Former USSR 9.5% Middle East China 13.1% Asia** 9.2% Latin America 3.6% Africa 3.0% Bunkers 3.3% 4.4% 52.8% Mt of CO Mt of CO 2 * Calculated using IEA s Energy Balance Tables and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO 2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ** Asia excludes China.

48 O U T L O O K OUTLOOK FOR WORLD TPES TPES* Outlook by Fuel (Mtoe) Coal Nuclear Oil* Hydro Gas Other** Fuel Shares of TPES* in 2010 and Nuclear 6.2% Gas 23.1% Hydro 2.3% Other** 10.9% Coal 22.3% Nuclear 4.3% Gas 25.8% Hydro 2.2% Other** 10.1% Coal 22.1% Oil* 35.3% Oil* 35.4% Mtoe Mtoe 46 * Includes bunkers. ** Other includes combustible renewables & waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc.

49 TO TPES Outlook by Region (Mtoe) Middle East Transition Economies* China Asia** Latin America Africa Bunkers Regional Shares of TPES in 2010 and 2030 China 12.5% Transition Economies* 10.2% Middle East 4.0% Asia** 12.4% Latin America 5.0% Africa 5.2% Bunkers 1.2% 49.5% China 14.3% Transition Economies* 9.2% Asia** 14.7% Latin America 6.3% Africa 6.2% Bunkers 1.1% Middle East 4.6% 43.7% Mtoe Mtoe *Includes Former USSR and Non- Europe. ** Asia excludes China. 47

50 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Selected Energy Indicators for 2001 Region/ Popul- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 ** Country ation (PPP) Prod. Imports Cons.* Emissions (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 95 US$) 95 US$) of CO 2) World Middle East Former USSR Non Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil ** Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses.

51 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Cons./Pop TPES Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) World Middle East Former USSR Non Europe China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil 8 ** CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. 49

52 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popul- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 ** Country ation (PPP) Prod. Imports Cons.* Emissions (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 95 US$) 95 US$) of CO 2) Brunei Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana ** Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses.

53 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Cons./Pop TPES Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) Brunei Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana 8 ** CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. 51

54 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popul- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 ** Country ation (PPP) Prod. Imports Cons.* Emissions (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 95 US$) 95 US$) of CO 2) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong. China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia ** Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses.

55 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Cons./Pop TPES Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) Gibraltar Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong. China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea DPR of Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Luxembourg FYR of Macedonia 8 ** CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. 53

56 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popul- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 ** Country ation (PPP) Prod. Imports Cons.* Emissions (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 95 US$) 95 US$) of CO 2) Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Singapore ** Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses.

57 TPES/ TPES/ TPES/ Elec. CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / CO 2 / Region/ Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Cons./Pop TPES Pop GDP GDP (PPP) Country (toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 (kwh/ (t CO 2 / (t CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / (kg CO 2 / 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) capita) toe) capita) 95 US$) 95 US$ PPP) Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Singapore 8 ** CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. 55

58 E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S Region/ Popul- GDP GDP Energy Net TPES Elec. CO 2 ** Country ation (PPP) Prod. Imports Cons.* Emissions (million) (billion (billion (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (Mtoe) (TWh) (Mt 95 US$) 95 US$) of CO 2) Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan United Rep. of Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Former Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe ** Gross production + imports exports transmission/distribution losses. ** CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.