WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2012

Transcription

1 WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2012

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword...3 Safety and health...4 Climate change...5 Key facts about steel...6 World crude steel production, 1950 to...7 Top steel-producing companies,...8 Major steel-producing countries, 2010 and...9 Crude steel production by process,...10 Continuously-cast steel output, 2009 to Monthly crude steel production, 2008 to...12 The 65 reporting countries, 2008 to...12 Steel production and use: geographical distribution, Steel production and use: geographical distribution,...15 Apparent steel use, 2005 to...16 Apparent steel use per capita, 2005 to...17 Pig iron, 2010 and...18 Direct reduced iron production, 2004 to...19 Iron ore, World iron ore trade by area, World trade in steel products, 1975 to...22 World volume of trade, 1990 to...22 World steel exports, analysis by product, 2006 to Steel is at the core of a green economy, in which economic growth and environmental responsibility work hand in hand. The steel industry believes that sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Within this, a green economy delivers prosperity for all nations, wealthy and poor alike, while preserving and enhancing the planet s resources. Steel s two key components are iron (one of Earth s most abundant elements) and recycled steel. Once steel is produced it becomes a permanent resource because it is 100% recyclable and has an infinite life cycle. Infinite recyclability without loss of properties makes steel unique and valuable. For example, trade in ferrous scrap has been steadily increasing over the years, as can be seen on page 26. worldsteel s Steel Statistical Yearbook will have a 10-year span of these figures, as well as all the other tables in this publication. The yearbook will be published later in the year. In, world average steel use per capita was 215 kg. As you will see on page 17, it has steadily increased over time. Steel touches every aspect of our lives. No other material has the same unique combination of strength, formability and versatility. Steel is central to transport, housing, energy, agriculture, water and infrastructure. The world steel industry is a key driver of the world s economy, and this publication, World Steel in Figures, gives the latest update on the global picture. I hope you find the information within these pages of value. If you would like additional copies of this publication, you can download it for free from the Bookshop on our website, worldsteel.org. World steel trade by area,...24 Major importers and exporters of steel,...25 Trade in ferrous scrap, 2010 and...26 Dr Edwin Basson Director General 2 3

3 SAFETY AND HEALTH Nothing is more important than the safety and health of the people who work in the steel industry. CLIMATE CHANGE In, the world steel industry produced 1.5 billion tonnes of crude steel. The safety and health commitment, made by the worldsteel Board in 2006, is accompanied by a set of six principles: All injuries and work-related illnesses can and must be prevented. Management is responsible and accountable for safety and health performance. Employee engagement and training is essential. Working safely is a condition of employment. Excellence in safety and health supports excellent business results. Safety and health must be integrated into all business management processes. worldsteel publishes the Safety and Health Principles Guidance Book, available in 10 languages to help steelmaking companies to adopt and apply these principles. The most important work in safety and health is the collaborative effort of worldsteel member companies to identify best practices in key risk areas. Taskforces create guidelines for safe work performance. Sharing serious incident investigations and associated key learnings help to avoid repeat events. worldsteel reports on safety and health trends using annual metrics submitted by members. This information helps companies to prioritise implementation of best practices. The aim is to prevent all injuries and illnesses. worldsteel has a Safety and Health Excellence Recognition programme. This showcases practices that have had a clear impact in improving safety and health. In, four member companies received recognition for their initiatives: Gerdau, Metinvest, Tata Steel Europe and Natsteel. The 2012 recognitions will be announced at the annual conference in October. Steel is essential for a low-carbon world in transport, construction, housing and power generation. Demand for steel will significantly increase in the coming years, to support global development. The steel industry is committed to making a positive contribution to the climate change issue. Strong, high-tech steel products play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in applications such as advanced high strength steels for cars and specialty electrical steels for wind turbines. worldsteel has established four building blocks for its climate change policy. Each involves actions by the world steel industry and also has policy implications for governments: actions to reduce CO 2 /tonne of steel produced transfer of best practice and technology support for breakthrough technology programmes development of steel products that save energy in transport, power generation, buildings, machinery and appliances. The Climate Action programme worldsteel has an ambitious programme for every steel company in the world to measure its CO 2 emissions/tonne of steel produced on a common basis. Every steel company needs to measure its impact on the environment so that it can manage improvements. We have put in place a common methodology, definitions and agreed boundaries which have become internationally recognised. Life cycle assessment (LCA) worldsteel collects life cycle inventory (LCI) data from steel plants all around the world. LCI datasets are available to our members, customers and to researchers to encourage life cycle thinking in product design and material selection. 4 5

4 Key facts about steel WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO Steel is a cornerstone and key driver for the world s economy. million tonnes The industry directly employs more than two million people worldwide, plus two million contractors and four million people in supporting industries. Including industries such as construction, transport and energy, the steel industry is at the source of employment for more than 50 million people. Steel is at the core of the green economy, in which economic growth and environmental responsibility work hand in hand. Steel is the main material used in delivering renewable energy: solar, tidal and wind. All steel, even that created as long as 150 years ago, can be recycled today and used in new products and applications. The amount of energy required to produce a tonne of steel has been reduced by 50% in the last 30 years. Steel touches every aspect of our lives. No other material has the same unique combination of strength, formability and versatility. Steel surfaces are hygienic and easy to clean. Surgical and safety equipment and commercial kitchens are all made with steel. Almost 200 billion cans of food are produced each year. Steel cans ensure that food remains safe and nutritious, and save energy as refrigeration is not needed. The can itself is 100% recyclable. Steel is an innovative and progressive industry committed to the safety and health of its people. The industry is committed to the goal of an injury-free workplace. Safety metrics show that the lost-time injury frequency rate is decreasing. Years World ,600 1,400 1,200 1, Years World , , , , , , ,429 1,518 Globally, the steel industry spends more than 12 billion a year on process improvements, new product development and future breakthrough technology. Life cycle thinking: new solutions for new times. Life cycle assessment (LCA) considers production, manufacture, use phase and end of life recycling and disposal. Life cycle thinking leads to immediate environmental benefit. LCA is easy to implement, cost effective and produces affordable and beneficial solutions for material decisionmaking and product design Average Growth Rates % per annum Years World

5 Top steel-producing companies MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES 2010 AND million tonnes crude steel production Rank Company Tonnage* Rank Company Tonnage* 1 ArcelorMittal RIVA Group Hebei Group (1) Valin Group Baosteel Group Severstal POSCO Metinvest Wuhan Group China Steel Corporation Nippon Steel SAIL Shagang Group Sumitomo Metal Shougang Group IMIDRO JFE Jianlong Group Ansteel Group (2) MMK Shandong Group NLMK Tata Steel (3) Rizhao United States Steel Baotou Gerdau Jiuquan Nucor (4) Taiyuan ThyssenKrupp Techint Group Evraz Anyang (1) Maanshan Pingxiang Benxi (2) Jinxi Hyundai Steel ISD 8.9 * Tonnage figures include stainless steel where applicable. Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations: In cases of more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidary s tonnage is included. In cases of 30% to 50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Less than 30% ownership is considered a minority interest and therefore not included. (1) excludes all allied subsidiaries with a less than 30% share (2) includes Panzhihua but not Benxi (3) includes Tata Steel Europe and Tata Steel Ltd (4) includes shares in Duferdofin (50%) For more details about worldsteel member company ownership and tonnage calculations, go to worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers.html million tonnes crude steel production Country 2010 Rank Tonnage Rank Tonnage China Japan United States India Russia South Korea Germany Ukraine Brazil Turkey Italy Taiwan, China Mexico France Spain Iran Canada United Kingdom Poland Belgium South Africa Austria Netherlands Egypt Australia Malaysia (e) Argentina Czech Republic Saudi Arabia Sweden Kazakhstan Vietnam (e) Thailand (e) Slovak Republic Finland Indonesia (e) Romania Venezuela Byelorussia Luxembourg Qatar (e) United Arab Emirates (e) Greece Hungary Chile Switzerland (e) Serbia Colombia Portugal (e) Peru Other World 1, , (e): estimate 9

6 CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION BY PROCESS, CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT 2009 TO Production milion tonnes Oxygen Electric Open hearth % Other Total % % % % Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (e) Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East China India (e) Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, (e): estimate The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in. million tonnes % crude steel output Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (e) Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal (e) Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom European Union Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt (e) South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Other Middle East Middle East China India (e) Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Total of above countries 1, , , (e): estimate The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in

7 MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 2008 TO million tonnes Total 65 reporting countries 140 million tonnes NAFTA actual data deseasonalised data European Union Central and South America 5.0 actual data deseasonalised data CIS (6) 13 actual data deseasonalised data Japan 13 actual data deseasonalised data The 65 reporting countries actual data deseasonalised data Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, China, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela and Zimbabwe. In these 65 countries accounted for more than 98% of world crude steel production. 4 China actual data deseasonalised data actual data deseasonalised data

8 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 2001 STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Production World total: 851 million tonnes crude steel Production World total: 1,518 million tonnes crude steel Other Asia 11.8% Japan 12.1% China 17.8% Others 8.6% EU % NAFTA 13.9% CIS 11.7% Other Europe 2.1% Japan 7.1% Other Asia 12.1% Others 6.3% China 45.1% EU % CIS 7.4% NAFTA 7.7% Other Europe 2.6% Others comprise: Africa 1.8 % Middle East 1.4 % Central and South America 4.5 % Australia and New Zealand 0.9 % Others comprise: Africa 1.0% Middle East 1.5% Central and South America 3.3% Australia and New Zealand 0.5% Use (finished steel products) World total: 769 million tonnes crude steel Other Asia 15.8% Japan 9.5% Others 9.5% China 20.5% EU % NAFTA 17.5% Other Europe 1.8% CIS 4.7% Use (finished steel products) World total: 1,371 million tonnes crude steel Japan 4.7% Other Asia 14.6% Others 8.8% China 45.5% EU % Other Europe 2.4% CIS 3.9% NAFTA 8.8% Others comprise: Africa 2.3% Middle East 2.6% Central and South America 3.8% Australia and New Zealand 0.8% Others comprise: Africa 1.7% Middle East 3.3% Central and South America 3.4% Australia and New Zealand 0.5% 14 15

9 APPARENT STEEL USE 2005 TO APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA 2005 TO million tonnes finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (27) European Union (27) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World 1, , , , , , ,373.3 kilogrammes finished steel products Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU (27) European Union (27) Turkey Others Other Europe Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Venezuela Others Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea , , , , ,156.6 Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World

10 million tonnes PIG IRON 2010 and million tonnes DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION 2004 TO Production 2010 Production - Exports + Imports Apparent = Consumption Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union Turkey Others Other Europe Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Chile Venezuela Other Latin America Central and South America Egypt South Africa Other Africa Africa Iran Other Middle East Middle East China India Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia New Zealand Other Oceania Oceania World 1, , , Germany (e) Sweden European Union (27) Russia Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Argentina Brazil Peru Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Central and South America Egypt Libya Nigeria South Africa (e) Africa Iran Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates (e) Middle East China (e) India Indonesia (e) Malaysia (e) Myanmar Asia Australia World (e): estimate 18 19

11 IRON ORE 2010 WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA 2010 million tonnes actual weight Fe Content (1) Production - Exports + Imports = Apparent Consumption Austria (32) Belgium-Luxembourg Bulgaria Czech Republic France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Spain Sweden (63) United Kingdom Other EU European Union Bosnia-Herzegovina Norway (65) Turkey Other Europe Europe CIS (60) Canada (63) Mexico (65) United States (60) NAFTA Brazil (66) Chile (61) Peru (60) Venezuela (64) Other America Central and South America Mauritania (65) South Africa (65) Other Africa Africa Middle East China (2) (28) India (61) Japan (57) South Korea Other Asia Asia ,274.0 Australia (65) New Zealand and Other Oceania World 1, , , ,777.9 million tonnes actual weight Destination Exporting Region European Union Other Europe CIS European Union Other Europe CIS NAFTA Central and South America Africa and Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports ,092.3 of which: extra-regional exports* Net Exports (exports - imports) * excluding intra-regional trade marked NAFTA Central and South America Africa and Middle East Asia Oceania Total Imports of which: extra-regional imports* (1) of domestic production: percentage Fe of total weight (2) production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average 20 21

12 WORLD TRADE IN STEEL PRODUCTS 1975 TO WORLD STEEL EXPORTS, ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT 2006 TO 2010 million tonnes finished steel Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products. Production of finished steel, where not available from national sources, is calculated from crude steel production, taking into account the continuous casting ratio. Year Exports Production Exports % , , , , , , , million tonnes crude steel production Ingots and semi-finished material Railway track material Angles, shapes and sections Concrete re-inforcing bars Bars and rods, hot-rolled Wire rod Drawn wire Other bars and rods Hot-rolled strip Cold-rolled strip Hot-rolled sheets and coils Plates Cold-rolled sheets and coils Electrical sheet and strip Tinmill products Galvanised sheet Other coated sheet Steel tubes and fittings Wheels (forged and rolled) and axles Castings Forgings Other Total Quantum indices 2000 = World Volume of Trade 1990 TO manufactured goods steel all comodities Exports in World Steel in Figures include intra-eu trade, trade between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries. The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products, including ingots, semi-finished products, hot-rolled and coldfinished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings. The above table comprises the exports of 37 countries, which represents aproximately 92% of total world trade in

13 WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA MAJOR IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL million tonnes million tonnes Exporting Region European Union Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Destination European Union (27) Other Europe CIS NAFTA Other America Africa Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Exports of which:extraregional exports* Net Exports (exports-imports) * excluding intra-regional trade marked Africa and Middle East China Japan Other Asia Oceania Total Imports of which: extra-regional imports* Rank Total Exports Mt 1 China Japan European Union (1) South Korea Germany (2) Ukraine Russia Italy (2) Turkey Belgium France (2) United States Brazil Taiwan, China Netherlands (2) India Spain (2) Austria (2) Canada United Kingdom (2) 6.0 Rank Net Exports (exports - imports) Mt 1 Japan China Ukraine Russia Brazil Turkey South Korea Austria (2) Belgium Taiwan, China Luxembourg Netherlands (2) European Union (1) India Slovakia (2) 2.0 Rank Total Imports Mt 1 European Union (1) United States Germany (2) South Korea Italy (2) China France (2) Belgium Thailand Turkey Vietnam Canada Indonesia Spain (2) Iran Netherlands (2) India Taiwan, China Poland (2) United Kingdom (2) 7.5 Rank Net Imports (imports - exports) Mt 1 United States Thailand Vietnam Iran Indonesia United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Algeria Philippines Singapore Canada Lebanon Poland (2) Iraq Malaysia 2.6 (1) excluding intra-regional trade (2) data for individual EU countries include intra-european trade 24 25

14 TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP 2010 and ABOUT WORLDSTEEL million tonnes Exports Imports 2010 * 2010 * Austria Belgium - Luxembourg Bulgaria Czech Republic Germany Finland France Greece Italy Netherlands Poland Slovak Republic Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other EU European Union Turkey Others Other Europe Byelorussia Kazakhstan Russia Ukraine Other CIS CIS Canada Mexico United States NAFTA Brazil Other Central and South America Central and South America South Africa Other Africa Africa Middle East China Japan South Korea Taiwan, China Other Asia Asia Australia and New Zealand World * preliminary data The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents approximately 170 steel producers (including 17 of the 20 largest steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of world steel production. World Steel in Figures World Steel Association 2012 ISSN Design by double-id.com 26

15 World Steel Association Rue Colonel Bourg 120 B-1140 Brussels Belgium T: +32 (0) F: +32 (0) E: C413 Office Building Beijing Lufthansa Center 50 Liangmaqiao Road Chaoyang District Beijing China T : F : E : [email protected] worldsteel.org