ifed. Institut für Energiedienstleistungen

Transcription

1 ifed ifed. Institut für Energiedienstleistungen Management of local energy production as a Contribution to Efficiency Improvement. International Exhibition on EE & RES Sofia/ Bulgarien, 7. April 09 Heinrich Lang, ifed. Institut für Energiedienstleistungen GmbH Häusserstr. 36, Heidelberg Marie Curie Str. 8, Lörrach Internet: info@ifed.de lecture ifed Seite 1

2 Quintessence of the IPCC ( ) There is a Climate change the biggest part of the increasing of the global temperature in the 20 century depend on greenhouse gases The raise of the greenhouse gases is 70%...(from 1970 to 2004) It is accelerating in the last 10 years - Energy has to be used much more efficiency as today - and we need more energy with less CO2 Germany will offer a contribution for an Int. Climate Convention: less than 40 % of CO2 until 2020 compared to 1990 ifed Seite 2

3 transmission grid The way of electricity today Maximum voltage Distribution network high voltage Medium voltage low voltage Quelle: IZE 1994/HSE ifed Seite 3

4 Configuration of the german power supply : Three Parts Ohne private Erzeuger wie Wind oder Kleinwasserkraft dies dürften mehrere tausend sein 950 Stromversorger davon electricity supplier rd. 50 power reine Stromerzeuger producer 4 6 Übertragungsnetzbetreiber 4 TSO 25 größere big municipal Stadtwerke utilities (Ä 1 Mrd. kwh Stromabgabe) rd small mittl. municipal u. kleinereand Stadtwerke small private kleinereutilities private Versorger Regionale regional supplier Versorger national regional local Quelle:BDEW 2007; ifed ifed Seite 4

5 The 4 transmission system operator (TSO) areas in Germany The transmission system operator (TSO) has the responsibility for the balance of the offer an demand of electricty The TSO are part of the European Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE) Quelle: RAG, BDEW ifed Seite 5

6 German electric power producing 2007 (brutto) Wasserkraft Water 4% natural gas Gas 12% Öl 1% Wind 6% Steinkohle 23% Sonstige other 7% black coal 636,5 Mrd. KWh nuclear power Kernenergie 22% Braunkohle 25% brown coal Consumption: 39% industry 25% trade 24% domestic 8% communal 3% traffic 1% farming ifed Seite 6

7 The problem: conventionally fossil and nuclear power plants electricity 80% of the German electric power producing (2007) came from big conventionally fossil and nuclear plants advantage large cheap power plants ( /kw) Technical Standard lost heat disadvantage Efficiency factor (without using the lost heat) < 45% Long distance from the metropolitan area ifed Seite 7

8 One Solution: Renewable Energy Second Solution: local energy production ÄUsing more local Power generating with combined heat & power (CHP) ÄUsing more industrial power generating with Combined Heat & Power ÄUsing the waste heat of industry production ifed Seite 8

9 GuD Power Plants 58 Combination of Gas- und steam turbine Power plant advantage Efficiency factor (without) 51 to 58 % Smaller plants in the metropolitan area can using the waste heat disadvantage More dependence from natural Gas Quelle: Strombasiswissen. ifed Seite 9

10 Mikro CHP: the heating with electricity generation Small CHP s are available, but the using is marginal Z.B.: Vaillant Otto-cycle-engine 4,7 kw el / 4-12,5 kw th Senertec (Dachs) Otto-cycle-engine 5,5 kw el./ 12,5-20,3 kwth Solo Stirling engine Bis 9,5 kw el / 8-26 kw th OTAG Steam engine with Linator 2 kw el./ 16 kw th Quelle: ASUE, Vaillant usw. ifed Seite 10

11 Destination of the German electricity producing 2030 Nuclear Coal Natural gas CHP (Biom.) CHP Wind offshore Wind onshore ifed Seite 11

12 Climate-Package = Integrated Energy & Climate Program (IEKP) 1 CHP 2 Renewable Energy (electricity) 3 CCS (low CO2 Plants) 4 New Measurement for electricity 5 New technology for Power plants 6 Energy-management in Industry 7 Support program for Energy-efficiency 8 Energy-efficient products 9 Biogas in natural gas grids 10 EnEV (Efficiency of houses) 11 rented flats 12 modernising insulation of buildings 13 public Infrastructure 14 Renewable Heating 15 Government buildings 16 Cars with less CO2 17 Biofuel 18 CO2- fiscal system for cars 19 labeling of consumption for cars 20 New road charge for trucks 21 Air traffic 22 Shipping traffic 23 Reduction of fluorinated greenhouse gases 24 Public buying of efficiency Products 25 Energy research 26 electric cars 27 International Projects 28 Information of the embassies 29 Transatlantic affairs ifed Seite 12

13 New role allocation in the new energy market Competition Competition Wholesaling Electricity Generating Transmission systems Distribution -- grid grid Measuremenment Trader Netze regulated = Quasi-Monopol Sector Gas Exploration/ Extraction Long Long distance transport Distributiongrigrid Measurement Measurement Trader Gas tank ifed Seite 13

14 Laws and provisions EU Directive Single market Feb 1997 / Juni 2003 EU Directive Energy efficiency April 2006 IEKP Renewable Heating (EEWärmeG) Renewable Energy (EEG) New Law for the Energy sector Law for the Energy efficiency combined heat/power (KWKG) 2009 New Juli 2005 Comming sone in 2009 Efficiency of houses (EnEG) 2009 Many others Regulator BNetzA Administration BAFA ifed Seite 14

15 IEKP 1: The KWKG law 2009 (CHP) Aim: Promotion of KWK (CHP) by apportionment Aim of Amount until 2020: 25% of electricity of CHP, The operator gets an bonus for feed in or self consumed electricity. All CHP Plants with implementing until get the bonus for 10 years. Jahr der Inbetriebnahme P el < 50 kw in ct/kwh P el > 2 MW in ct/kwh P el > 2 MW in ct/kwh KWKG 2002 (alt) für ,11 2,1 - ab ,11 2,1 1,5 Anteil unter Bemessungsgrenze - 5,11 2,1 ifed Seite 15

16 IEKP 2: The renewable energy law TSO to DSO: regulated price TSO Clearing of quantity and price between the TSO DSO pays to the feeder of renewable energy an regulated price DSO TSO Delivery Lieferanten Price ,69 ct/kwh Erzeuger Quote 2008: 17,1% ifed Seite 16

17 IEKP 4: Smart meter for electricity Deregulation of the measurement market. So far: the owner of the distribution grid wars responsible Now: Every energy user can choose Äthe company who bring the meter Äthe company who will read the meter Obligation of Smart meter for new buildings from Smart meter for old buildings are voluntary In 2011: The power trader has to offer new tarif who is stimulating energy saving ifed Seite 17

18 Smart Meter: Measurement and pay scale ifed Seite 18

19 Measurementoperator Meter reading owner of house connection New role allocation for the customer User of house connection contract contract customer contract of delivery GVV contract contract Grid Trader contract Primary care for household ifed Seite 19

20 IEKP 14: Law of Renewable Heating Owner of new Buildings ( ) has to use a part of the heat demand from Ä biomass, Ä geothermal energy, Ä solar radiation Ä Environmental heat (Heating, Water, Cooling) Ä District heat with CHP Ä Local heat CHP > 0,04 m² Kollektor je m² useable surface Efficiency factor > 50 kw 88% also for business Buildings with more than 50 m², Civil penalty until to Energy for heating > 50% operating factor (W/W) > 4,0 ifed Seite 20

21 CHP in the industry Mikro gas turbine ( kw) can get an electrical efficiency factor of 30 % and an thermal efficiency factor of 50 % with the same principle as an Jetplane. Most used are combustion engines of Trucks, cars or ships with efficiency factors of 35 (el) + 55 % (th) Today there is an government aid (BMU) to the extend of You can get the fee oft the CHP law and you can get the other fee if you use renewable energy (biogas) The Problem: You has to need the thermal energy the hole year ifed Seite 21

22 Energy law from the IEKP for Industry Limitation of emissions Request of Energy Management systems Promotion of Energy Audits Building standard Consulting for Contracting Heating System Information from the DENA Measurement Promotion of high efficient technology Ökodesign ifed Seite 22

23 Energy management as a control cycle Energy buying department Energy management equipment buying department Operator Cost distribution 2 Strom Gas Wärme 3 factory User Beraten bei der Umsetzung Consulting Informieren bei Abweichungen Vergleich Comparing - mit Anderen - mit Theorie - mit Vergangenheit Data Erfassung - des Verbrauches - der Nutzung - der Witterung - der Preise Collecting E nerg iec o n tro lling Targets 1 provision changing distributing using Energy management is the foresighted, organized and systemized Coordination of provision, changing, distributing and using of Energy to satisfy the request with consideration of the ecologic und economic purpose. 4 ifed Seite 23

24 Data logging Energiecontrolling ifed Seite 24

25 Management of local energy production as a contribution to efficiency improvement. National law system TSO Grid Management Local Grid Management Energy management Energy controlling Monitoring Industrial and private energy systems local energy systems ifed Seite 25

26 God bye Contact: Heinrich Lang, ifed. Institut für Energiedienstleistungen GmbH Häusserstr. 36, Heidelberg Marie Curie Str. 8, Lörrach Internet: ifed Seite 26