System Integration of Renewable Energies

Transcription

1 System Integration of Renewable Energies Convergence of Electricity and Gas, DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH Jürgen Lenz, DVGW e.v. Gerald Linke, e.on ruhrgas EGATEC, 13 th May 2011, Copenhagen

2 Currant Developments in Energy Supply Demographic Developments Energy Efficiency Structural Change in Industry Impact Renewable Energy Sources 2

3 Energy Supply Structures Are Changing Declining demand on heating market by demographic impacts, forced in creasing of efficiency Political restrictions for fossil fuels, subsidies for renewables Vast number of energy sources, especially renewables Increasing volatility of renewable sources Vast number of new applications 3

4 Changes in Energy Demand Due to Legal Requirements Household electricity Fan electricity Hot water Space heating * ** *** Source: BEE Expected energy demand by floor area for new build single family homes. * Building stock ** Thermal Insulation Ordinance *** Energy Conservation Ordinance

5 Development of Biomethane Injection increase sum plants in operation injection in 1000 m³/h (NTP) year (planned) plants in operation Quelle: Biogaspartner Political Aims in Germany: bcm/year bcm/year

6 The Answer DVGW Innovation Initiative Gas Strengthen technology basis of gaseous energy carrier focussing on efficiency and innovation, reducing climate impact Highlighting the potential of gas in a future energy system for Reducing GHG Emissions Promoting the role of renewable gaseous energy carrier within the existing natural gas grid: Greening of Gas Developing of concepts and technologies to prepare gas distribution grids for the future (Intelligent Gas Grids Smart Gas Grids) Supporting the market introduction of innovative gas technologies: Gas-Plus-Technologies Start end of 2009, 2 years, 6 Mio. EUR, funded by members of DVGW 6

7 The Idea 3 Level Model Macro level: role of energy carrier gas, utilisation paths primary energy efficiency, climate impact Network level: intelligent grids smart grids Customer level: new technologies, system integration 7

8 Structure of DVGW Innovation Initiative Clusters 1 System Analysis Analysis of process chains Smart Grids Energetic assessments Mobility Modeling of energy supply scenarios 5 projects 2 Gas Production Processing Fermentative biogas production, gasification (SNG), H 2 Gas quality, treatment, process optimization, mater circles 3 projects 3 Grid Management Network and Facility Management Storages, Compressors IT-Processes, Smart Gas Grids 3 projects 4 End User Technologies Condensing Boiler.+ Solar GHP CHP-Systems Industry customers Device components 8 projects 5 Communication Cooperation with organizations Result dissemination (politicians and customers) 8

9 The Role of Gaseous Energy Carrier Has to Defined in a New Way Separate for Every Country Gas (natural gas, biogas, hydrogen) is a key element of an integrated energy supply concept with using hydrogen from volatile renewables to stabilise power grids reduced investments and expansion of power transit grids providing storages for energy grids electricity-controlled CHP to compensate PV and wind incorporation of smart grid control systems intelligent use of waste heat to reduce scope of insulation measures planned for today s building stock today s electric appliances for heating water 9

10 Role of Gas Grids in the Future Energy Supply System Nuclear Energy Carbon Capture Coal Renewables (Wind, PV) Power Underground Gas Storages Hydrogen Methane Gas Natural Gas Biogas - Manure, RRM - Biomass, Wood Synthetic Gas (e.g. from coal with carbon capture or wood) CCGT power plants Combined heat and power Production and Use of Heat and Power in Customer Appliances 10

11 Cluster 1 System Analysis Efficiency and Climate Impact in Central Power Generation (Situation in Germany) Gesamtenergienutzungsgrad Overall primary efficiency η ges in % Holzkraftwerke wood Wandlung von Windstrom in CH 4 oder H 2 und Verstromung biomethane hydrogen District BHKW CHP GHP GuD gas Gasturbine District BHKW CHP GHP GuD natural gas IGCC - GHP GuD gas Gasturbinen- Kraftwerke Zunehmender Increasing Anteil heat Wärmenutzung utilization Deutscher Strommix coal conventional Konventionelle power generation Kohlekraftwerke IGCC - SNG German mix of power generation Braunkohle Steinkohle Erdgas Biogas lignite fossile CO 2 -Emission bezogen auf Gesamtenergienutzung in g/kwh Fossil CO 2 emissions in supply chain in g/kwh 11

12 Cluster 1 System Analysis Efficiency and Climate Impact in Household Applications Overall Primärenergienutzungsgrad primary efficiency in % in % Increasing ratio of renewables gases Modern Gas Technologies with Biomethane Pelletkessel boiler Ottomotor Gasmotor Electrical Elektrowärmepumpe heat Overall primary fuel efficiency and CO 2 footprint of different heating and µchp systems integrated in a single family house (build 1984, 3 persons, German average) based on German power respectively fuel mix. SOFC-Brennstoffzelle SOFC-Fuel Cell (el. eff. ( η el. =60%) + + cond. Brennwert boiler Gaswärmepumpe heat Stirlingmotor Brennwert+Solar Condensing boiler + solar Condensing Brennwert boiler Low Niedertemperatur temp. boiler fossile CO2-Emissionen Fossil 2 bezogen emissions auf in Gesamtenergienutzung supply chain in g/kwh in g/kwh 12

13 Development of Domestic Energy Demands Share of power in total energy demand [kwh el /kwh th ] Tomorrow's micro-chp systems: Low thermal output, high electrical output e.g. fuel cell Power Stromkennzahl consumption share Today's micro-chp systems: "Power-generating heating systems" e.g. Stirling Total heat demand [kwh/(a m²)] Passive house Present building stock Old buildings Space heating 50 kwh/(a m²) 220 kwh/(a m²) 350 kwh/(a m²) Hot water 12.5 kwh/(a m²) Power demand 29.5 kwh/(a m²) 13

14 Investigated CHP-Technologies Stirling-Motoren Dampfexpansion Gasturbine OTAG Vertriebs GmbH & Co. KG Brennstoffzelle (SOFC, PEM) Gasmotor 14

15 Investigated CHP-Technologies GWI Gaswärme Institut EBI Engler-Bunte-Institut Nr. Manufacturer Appliance Nr. Manufacturer Appliance 1 Vaillant Ecopower Powerplus Technologies Ecopower e Powerplus Technologies DeDietrich Viessman Otag Ecopower e3.0 Evita Mikron 300-W Lion Powerblock Hexis Baxi Innotech Genlec Senertec Galileo 1000N Gamma 1 Kingston Unit Dachs SE 6 7 CFCL EHE BlueGen Whispergen DBI Nr. Gastechnologisches Institut Freiberg Manufacturer Appliance EHE CFCL WÄTAS KIRSCH OTAG DeDietrich Whispergen Bluegen EPS 4 L4.12 Lion Powerblock Evita 15

16 Example of Operation Characteristic of a Fuel Cell 90% Kennfeldermittlung CFCL - BlueGen-Brennstoffzelle Wirkungsgrade (efficiency at 30 bei C 30 backflow C Rücklauftemperatur temperature) efficiency characteristic of a CFCL BlueGen fuel cell 80% Wirkungsgrade in % efficiency in % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% electrical power in W Elektrische Leistung in W elektrischer electrical efficiency Wirkungsgrad thermischer thermal efficiency Wirkungsgrad Gesamtwirkungsgrad overall efficiency 16 16

17 DVGW Projects on Smart Gas Grids SGG1 and SGG2 Gas Grids of the Future Intelligent components focussing on meas. + regul. Smart Gas Grids SGG 1 Hardware, gas pressure regulation stations etc. Planning Principles SGG 2 Planning Manual Preparation of a Pilot Smart Grid 17

18 Elements of Smart Gas Grids TSO DSO Grid I Industry Power Grid RES Injection Grid II CB CB + Sol CHP RES Injection GHP Net Hardware Net Connections Standard User Smart Prosumer Autonome GridAgents Autonome Agents Grid Connection 18

19 Elements of Convergence Load Shifting Using different power supply of gas heating in pressure regulating stations Gas Pressure Control working line reseve line preheating with natural gas (CHP) preheating with ren. power Natural Gas Grid Power Grid 19 19

20 Management in Case of Biomethane Injection (Economical comparison of different bidirectional grid management scenarios) Standard Operation REN Injection Interface TSO /DSO Large Regulation Stations Small Regulation Stations Scenario 1 REN Injection Reducing Number of Regulation Stations Dynamic Pressure Control in DSO and TSO 20

21 Management in Case of Biomethane Injection (Economical comparison of different bidirectional grid management scenarios) Scenario 2 REN Injection Reducing Regulation Stations Interconnections bet. DSO Scenario 3 REN Injection Reducing Number of Regulation Stations Compressor stations 21

22 Smart Gas Grids Are the key for storing renewables in the natural gas grid Lead to convergence of gas and electricity grids Support the long term justification of gas grids But The success of SGG depends on its components and their added value SGG need to provide a high reliability at acceptable costs The costs for SGG are expected to be higher than for the conventional NG grid and will be paid by the customers => political changes are needed as the grids are currently regulated Political decisions need to be founded on a reliable basis showing the potential of SGG Providing this technological basis is the task of the NG industry 22

23 Thank you for attention Contact: DBI Gastechnologisches Institut ggmbh Freiberg Halsbrücker Straße 34, D Freiberg Tel.: (+49) Fax: (+49) Web: 23