- Smart buildings for smart grids - Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. M. Norbert Fisch IGS, TU Braunschweig / EGSplan Stuttgart

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1 Solar advanced buildings - Smart buildings for smart grids - Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. M. Norbert Fisch IGS, TU Braunschweig / EGSplan Stuttgart

2 Development of Solar Buildings (Germany) Oil 1. WSVO Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 2

3 Solar assisted heating with long term storage (1990) IEA Task VII 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 3

4 Solar assisted heating system with seasonal storage in Germany 1990 till 2005 Solarthermie 2000 Residential area Fi Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen di h h Building type Multistorey + Terraced houses Number of dwellings Total living area m² Collector area m² (5.600 m²) Solar fraction dimensioning 47% Storage volume m³ (hot-water-storage) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 4

5 Long-term thermal storages investigated in the 90ties Earth pit storage Man made aquifer (gravel/water) 1,5-2,5 m³/m² Coll. Area 2,5-4 m³/m² Coll. Area Earth duct storage Natural aquifer 8-10 m³/m² Coll. Area 4-6m³/m² Coll. Area Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 5

6 driving force cost-benefit of large scale solar heating 99 90er co ost-bene efit ratio [ / (kw Wh/a)] 3,5 / (kwh/a) < 10 m² f < 20% 2,0 / (kwh/a) 1,8 / (kwh/a) > 100 m² f < 25 % 0,8 / (kwh/a) 2,5 / (kwh/a) f > % 17 1,7 /(kwh/a) small plants short-term storage large plants short-term storage large plants long-term storage 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 6

7 braking forces system performance: planning vs. measurement %] nce [% Syste em per rforma 90% 70% 70% 45% 50% 35% 45% 25% planning measurement planning measurement storage efficiency solar fraction 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 7

8 2002 Solarcity 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 8

9 CO 2 - neutral energy supply of housing estates cities (2002) HP H P 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 9

10 movement in research und praxis - holistic sustainable renovation of urban quarters - energetic process optimization - buildings on the test bench - net-plus energy buildings - climate neutral business and housing estates - export: energy efficiency + use of renewable energies ( Made in Germany) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 10

11 nearly zero energy buildings till 2020 the future is now 2010 EU- EPBD Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 /11 Energy concept of the German government nearly zero energy buildings 2012 EnEV 2012 the building as power plant 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 11

12 development of building performance research law / ordinance - practice Source: Fraunhofer IBP, in 6. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung, Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 12

13 Germanies new energy policy - National energy concept (2010) - Energy turnaround (2011) - Energiewende - Clear objectives ( ) Cultural change 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 13

14 energy concept aims 2050 ch hange [% %] electricty consumption renewable energy primary energy consump. 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 14

15 law / ordinance 2000 EEG renewable energy sources act feed in tarif 2009 EEWärmeG renewable energy heat act solar fraction15% collector size 3 4% of building space 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 15

16 investment - system costs 2010 installed systems in germany 2,5 m² / pers. PV ] relative e cost [% solar thermal 2x photovoltaic 8x 015 0,15 m² ²/ pers. Que elle: \SYSCOST1.XLS ST [year] 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 16

17 prognosis for electricity yprices electric city prices [ct / kwh] net parity 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 17

18 power plant capacities (D) today future 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 18

19 aim: decentralization of energy supply Smart Grids Smart Homes Smart Buildings E-Mobility Virtual power station 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 19

20 Net-Plus energy building Building as power plant 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 20

21 Energy credit from power supply Total balance Energy demand/ Energy supply Credit is more than energy supply plus energy Supply credit Credit is less than energy supply self-used electricity Energy supply (Primary-) energy EnEV user power 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 21

22 about life-cycle Energy Plus ction construc Primary energy of Grey Ene ergy 40 [years] Plus- Energy House Passive- House EnEV Standard 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 22

23 ... simple to do realized projects Net-surplus energy building - building as a virtual power station SMA Solar Academy, Kassel 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 23

24 SMA Solar Academy, Kassel 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 24

25 network-independent regenerative energy supply 60 kw P,el 30 kw P,el cooling 60 kw P,el training center current demand heating about 150 kw P,el about 230 kwh about 70 kw el PV profit grid battery biogas ground water 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 25

26 ... BIPV from inside 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 26

27 Net-Plus energy residential building The 100 % electricity home 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 27

28 What does 1kWh/a saving/generation cost? Investment for1kwh/a energy saving [ /1kWh/a] 3,50 3,00 2,50 Investition Investment PV Anlage of PV-system wirtschaftlicher economically as als improvement of Verbesserung building envelop der Gebäudehülle Zusätzliche Kostender Additional cost of measures baulichen Maßnahmen on construction for saving je eingesparter kwh P /a 1kWh mit p /a Bezug auf Variante 1 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 PV construction cost of PV system each 1kWh PE /a Measures on building envelop economically as PV system 0, ,00 cm 14,0 cm 18,0 cm 22,0 cm 26,0 cm Ug=1,4 Ug=1,2 Ug=1,1 Ug=0,9 Ug=0,6 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 28

29 energy concept 100 % electricity energy source Controlled ventilation i with heat recovery low temperature floor heating electr. heatpump Heat source 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 29

30 architecture and energy design in harmony 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 30

31 lead - batteries and inverters 8 kw 2 kw 1. Step: Internal thermal capacity of building should used 2. Thermal storage 3. Electrical store 7 kwh (internal use only) 20 kwh (internal / external) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 31

32 E- car Charging g station 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 32

33 Load-Management building complex as a store Charge by heat pump during the day Discharge during the night 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 33

34 Monthly electricity output /-consumption Year balance sheet (2011) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 34

35 Solar output, supply, consumption and self-use 2011 /a] % Selfuse 18 % (of PV-output) ity [kwh/ amount of electric kwh/kwp Supply 32 % 100 % Selfuse grid purchase 32 kwh/m 2 Wfl 0 PV-output Supply + self-use PV-Ertrag Einspeisung + Eigenutzung Netzbezug + Eigennutzung grid purchase+ self-use 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 35

36 electricity consumption 2011 by category consump ption [kw h/a] El lectricity MSR recirculation UWP Heat WP Lüftung air (rechn) pump pump conditioning household Haushaltsgeräte appliance % Beleuchtung lighting sonstiges others Gesamt total 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 36

37 south facade 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 37

38 future is today! 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 38

39 Net-Plus energy building Nassauische Heimstätte, Frankfurt Green Building- Theorie und Praxis 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 39

40 next step smart city smart city smart grid Esslingen Neue Weststadt Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 40

41 2010 1,2 % primary energy use what is germanies role? 28% 2,8 percentage of world population percentage of primary energy consumption % 0,8 < 1 % 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 41

42 export- import worldwide sustainable built environment transfer export German engineering export initiative international consultancy 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 42

43 We believe in solar energy and our visions i!!! 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 43

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