Berlin s Air Quality Strategy: measures and expected effects
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1 1 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Berlin s Air Quality Strategy: measures and expected effects Martin Lutz Senate Department for Urban Development, Berlin Directorate IX, Environment Policy brief recap: problems, origin, sources expected benefit of a trend scenario additional measures and their impact
2 2 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz assessment of the air quality in Berlin summary on sulfur dioxide: on lead: on carbon monoxide on benzene on nitrogen dioxide on PM 10 on ozone no problem no problem no problem diminishing problem serious problem 10 severe problem, to be tackled on local and European level serious problem serious problem, to be tackled mainly on a European level
3 3 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Comparison of PM10-pollution in European cities EU-limit value Barcelona Berlin Dresden Frankfurt Graz Hamburg Klagenfurt Leipzig Linz Lissabon London Lyon-Agglomeration Madrid Mannheim Milan München Rhein-/Ruhr Area Riga Rotterdam Stockholm Villach Wien days above 50 µg/m3 PM10 Quelle: ICLEI 2004
4 4 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air pollution control planning Structural template Following annex IV of the FW Directive assessment of the air pollution Compliance check, trends source analysis Where does it come from & how much? scales: local, urban, regional, continental Who s to blame & for how much? source sectors: transport, industry, domestic, current legislation and it s likely impact includes effects of national and EU-wide measures Additional measures planned & their likely effect Will the limit values be met? Further possible long-term measures & their benefits
5 5 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Source analysis Simplified schematic of the PM pollution Urban areas countryside 40 Traffic, local sources PM [µg/m³] urban background regional background hemisspheric/natural background
![Urban areas countryside 40 Traffic, local sources PM [µg/m³] 35](/docs-images/47/19988179/images/page_5.jpg "30 25 20 15 10 urban background regional background")
6 source attribution Sectors contributing to total PM10 at a busy traffic spot in Berlin... traffic exhaust 9% road traffic nonexhaust 1% domestic heating & solvents 9% other 2% agriculture 4% regional background # Industry & power plants 22% #based on values recorded at the top of a radio tower 324m above ground Industry & power plants 3% road traffic exhaust 11% local traffic other 3% domestic heating & solvents 3% traffic non-exhaust 15% urban background non-exhaust traffic exhaust 10% road traffic nonexhaust 7% exhaust cars non-exhaust HDV&LDV exhaust Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.v. 6 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz
7 7 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz source attribution Sectors contributing to total NO 2 at a busy traffic spot in Berlin... regional background ca 7% other sources 7% local traffic 54% urban background traffic 32% Basis: NOx modelling
8 8 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz source analysis interim conclusion regional PM10 background is around half of kerbside levels motor traffic is the predominant source of PM pollution 20% of regional PM10 background can be attributed to traffic exhaust emissions, but the bulk is secondary PM from industry & power plants more than half of traffic related PM10 stems from road&tire abrasion and resuspension of road dust HDV & LDV emissions of particular importance NO 2 regional background usually less than 10 %
9 9 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air pollution control planning in Berlin multi-scale model calculations street canyon 4x4 km 2 ~30x30 km 2 1x1 km 2
10 10 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Likely trend of regional PM 10 background impact of a trend - scenario on regional PM 10 & NO 2 background around Berlin NO 2 : predicted 15-28% reduction, we need > 30% PM10: predicted 8-16% reduction, we need > 25% by 2005!! Source: Stern, et al., 2004
11 11 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz current situation (base year 2002) modelled NO2 in street canyons limit value km road section in non- compliance Vers , Aufpunkt kerbside ca residents affected
12 12 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz trend scenario 2010 predicted NO2 concentration in main road network limit value 2010 km 56 road section in non- compliance ca residents affected
13 current situation (base year 2002) modelled PM10 in street canyons 24h limit value annual limit value 450 km road sections in non- attainment affected residents 13 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz
14 14 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz trend scenario 2010 predicted PM10 concentration in main road network 24h limit value annual limit value 200 km road sections in non- attainment ca affected residents
15 15 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz trend scenario 2010 residents in non-compliance road sections number of residents/100m road section in non-compliance with the 24h- PM10 limit value
16 16 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz trend scenario 2010 interim conclusion similar relative improvement of PM10 pollution in and around Berlin envisaged improvement through business as usual measures not sufficient to meet NO2 limit values by 2010 annual PM10 limit value can be attained 24h-limit value for PM10 won t be met by business as usual even in 2010 additional measures necessary to curb PM10 und NO2 emissions! city-wide non-attainment needs city-wide action
17 17 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air pollution control planning stationary sources BAT and more. transport: Options for additional measures cleaner vehicles and fuels municipal car fleet (CRT retrofit & CNG) LEZ (low emission zone) less traffic through sustainable transport- and city planning (master plan transport, StEP ), inter alia. re-routing routing through traffic on tangential roads extension of zones with parking fees expected effect: ~ 10% traffic reduction in Berlin s centre Optimized traffic management at hot spots ( ( HEAVEN) linked with noise abatement Speed limits big effect on noise and safety little effect on air quality
18 18 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz air pollution control planning transport planning & management enlargement of areas with parking fees existing areas Vorhandene Bewirtschaftungsgebiete future enlargement Potenzielle Erweiterungsgebiete
19 19 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz air pollution control planning transport planning & mangement re-routing through traffic Entlastung von großräumigem und innerstädtischem Durchgangsverkehr Entastung von großräumigem Durchgangsverkehr
20 Potential to calm traffic in Berlin s city centre 20 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz
21 21 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Options for LEZ: LEZ: Emission reduction in relation to the trend scenario 2010 impact of transport planning ( StEP )) and vehicle technology expected emission reduction in % of the trend scenario all Diesel vehicles Euro III + particle filter(pf) 0,0% -10,0% -20,0% -30,0% -40,0% -50,0% -60,0% -70,0% all vehicles Euro IV + PF busses Euro V implementation 2010 municipal fleet NOx exhaust-pm total-pm big fleets of delivery services and logistic firms
22 22 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Options for LEZ: Emission reduction in relation to the trend scenario 2010 impact of cars vs lorries expected emission reduction in % of the trend scenario 0,0% -10,0% -20,0% -30,0% -40,0% -50,0% -60,0% London lorries, busses, taxis Euro II + PM filter (PF) implementation 2008 NOx exhaust-pm total PM
23 23 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Options for LEZ: LEZ: Emission reduction in relation to the trend scenario 2010 impact of implementation date xpected emission reduction in % of the trend scenario 0,0% -5,0% -10,0% -15,0% -20,0% -25,0% -30,0% -35,0% -40,0% lorries, busses, taxis Euro II + PM filter NOx exhaust-pm total PM
24 24 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air Pollution Control Planning Core measure: low emision zone traffic restriction for high emitting Diesel vehicles in the cenral city area stage I: 2008, minimum criteria EURO II stage II: 2010, minimum criteria EURO III & particle filter scrutiny in 2006, whether retrofit with particle trap could be required already in stage I still lacking... national labelling scheme for clean vehicles Federal Government tax incentives, in particular for clean (or retrofitted) vans and lorries Federal Government
25 25 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air Pollution Control Planning impact of various control scenarios exceedances of the PM10 24h-limit value impacts of various control scenarios 250 affected residents affected residents length of street sections in noncompliance lenght of non-attainment road sections in km Trend 2005 Trend 2010 LEZ 2010 (Euro III & PF) LEZ 2010 LEZ 2010 (EURO III + PF) (EURO IV + PF) & & "StEP" "StEP" 0
26 26 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz LEZ & StEP StEP scenario 2010 PM10 reduction beyond the trend scenario h limit value annual limit value low emission zone low emission zone
27 27 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz LEZ & StEP StEP scenario 2010 predicted PM10 concentration in main road network Beusselstr 24h limit value annual limit value remaining hot spots where local traffic management is an option
28 28 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz Air Pollution Control Planning supplementary action Optimised traffic management at hot spots HEAVEN: potential for improvement up to 20% (NOx)) and 7% (PM10) by truck ban limited scope for implementation needs thorough investigation to avoid disbenefits elsewhere successive scrutiny of remaining hot spots Speed limits concept for imposing 30 km/h limits on main roads where noise & road safety & air pollution warrants
29 Thank you! 29 Unit IX D: air pollution and noise control, M. Lutz
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