APPLICATION NOTE USING A MODEL 3060-MS SERIES AS A REGENERATIVE AC SOURCE FOR PV INVERTER TEST APPLICATIONS. Abstract.
|
|
- Bartholomew Lawson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 USING A MODEL 3060-MS SERIES AS A REGENERATIVE AC SOURCE FOR PV INVERTER TEST APPLICATIONS Abstract This application note describes the necessary procedure to use a standard Pacific Power Source Model 3060-MS AC Power Source into a fully regenerative AC source for the purpose of testing grid-tied inverters. Either functional test or regulatory compliance testing can be accomplished without the need for additional loads recapturing most of the energy produced by the inverter. Examples are provided for common inverter compliance tests. This information is relevant to both existing MS (Figure 1) owners and new customers alike that are involved in testing grid-tied inverters for typically found in solar or wind applications. That is generally not the case however for a programmable AC power source like the Model MS which is primarily designed to deliver AC power to a UUT. When testing grid-tied generators such as solar or wind inverters for compliance with national and international standards, the generator to be tested must be connected to an AC Power Source that is capable of simulating the required voltage and frequency anomalies that naturally occur on the AC mains. During these tests, power from the inverter is being pushed back into the AC source. There are two appoaches available to address this back-driving, both of which are discussed in the next section. Dissipative Load Bank Customers most cost effective approach to create a suitable test setup for these applications is to use a resistive load bank that is sized to dissipate the maximum power that can be generated by the UUT. With this a setup, any power being generated by the unit under test will flow into the load and dissipate in the form of heat. Figure 1: 3060-MS AC Power Source Introduction The Pacific Power Source Model 3060-MS is a 62.5KVA AC Power Source that is widely used for production test, frequency conversion, and utility grid simulation applications by both end-users and independent test labs. While most Units Under Test (UUT) draw power from the Model 3060-MS AC Power Source, grid tied inverters are designed to generate AC power and feed it back into the utility grid. The utility grid is capable of absorbing power without too much difficulty as it has a huge power capacity compared to the unit that is back driving it. Figure 2: PV Inverter Test Setup with AC Load Resistive load banks are generally inexpensive and available at a wide range of power levels. Most are air cooled so may require sufficient HVAC support or can be placed outside. For lower power level inverter testing, the amount of heat generated from dissipation is small enough to not require any additional provisions. FREQUENCY CONVERSION AEROSPACE R & D MILITARY MANUFACTURING CUSTOM
2 Note: some grid-tied inverter compliance tests require the use of an RLC load so the dissipative load bank (R component) is often required regardless of the type of AC Power Source used in the test setup. Regenerative AC Source As power levels of the inverter to be tested increase, dissipating this energy may not be attractive to some users as it is not inherently eco-friendly or green. From a practical point of view the cooling requirements for the 62.5kVA load shown in Figure 2 become more significant than for smaller AC Power Source PV inverter test. Figure 4: Basic H bridge Inverter Diagram Either way, the grid simluating AC Power Source will cease to provide the required AC voltage and frequency to the inverter under test, thus interrupting the UUT qualification test. Figure 3: PV Inverter Test Setup - Regenerative While the standard 3060-MS is not regenerative, it can be converted by the addition of a suitable regenerative DC load. This may sound counter-intuitive as the objective is to shunt away AC power but it will be clear from the next section how this can be accomplished by using a bidirectional rectifier. Effect of Reverse Current Flow on a Typical Switching AC Power Source While linear AC Power Sources like the Pacific Power Source s AMX Series are capable of absorbing and dissipating some amount of power from the load, most switching AC Power Sources do not have this capability. When AC power is driven back into a switching AC Power Source by a UUT, the fly-back protection diodes across each FET or IGBT in the AC amplifier output stage will rectify this AC current into its internal DC bus. Refer to Figure 4, diodes D1 through D4 for reference. This has the effect of pumping up the DC bus voltage. If this process is allowed to continue, the DC voltage on the bus will continue to rise until it exceeds its design specification and gets severely damaged or the better product design approach an over-voltage protection mechanism kicks in to shut down the AC Power Source to preventing damage. To prevent this condition from affecting the AC Power Source, the energy flowing into the DC bus must either be shunted somewhere or dissipated. A dissipative approach would be no different than adding an external AC load to the test setup as described earlier. Shunting the power to the AC grid that provides power to the AC Power Source is the premise behind a regenerative AC source. This can be accomplished by a using a bidirectional rectifier input stage with the appropriate control logic that is capable of reversing the phase angle between AC input voltage and current. By reversing the AC current flow on the AC input of the AC source, the excess energy being pushed into the DC bus can be shunted to AC grid, similar to the operation of a PV or wind inverter. Regenerative DC Load Alternative In the absence of such a complex active input rectifier stage, a simpler alternative is to use a DC to AC inverter that is grid tied. A good example of such a grid-tied regenerative DC load is the Regatron model TC.GSS 32KW. This 32KW DC load is capable of supporting input voltages to 500Vdc and sinking up to 50Adc to the AC grid. Page 2 of 7
3 Suitable wire gauge should be used to support maximum DC current at either 32KW or 50KW. For a single TC. GSS 32KW setup as used in this example, the maximum DC current would be no more than 80Adc so #4 AWG American or 5.19 mm diameter /21.5 circular mils International stranded copper wire was used. Consult with a local electrician for correct wire type and gauge to ensure compliance with local electrical codes. Figure 5: Regratron AG TC.GSS Regenerative DC Source/Loads When connected to the internal DC bus of a 3060-MS, the TC.GSS will redirect power fed into the MS s 400Vdc bus to the mains connection, effectively converting the 3060-MS to a regenerative AC source. For testing inverters greater than 32KW, two TC.GSS units working in parallel are needed to support the full 50KW capability of the 3060-MS AC Power Source. The following paragraphs describe the required setup of 3060-MS and TC.GSS and some typical test results using this configuration. Examples shown are based on model TC.GSS S for 400VLL AC Grid simulation as it applies to Europe and Asia. For US high power inverter applications tested on 480VLL utility grid voltage, a 480Vac version of the TC.GSS will be required. Interconnecting the AC Source and DC Regenerative Load Access to the 3060-MS internal DC bus is available only after removing the front panels and should be undertaken only after all AC input power is disconnected from the MS cabinet. Once de-energized, the front panels are removed to reveal the internal DC bus bars. DC power cables may be routed through one of the available cable guides on either left or right hand side of the MS cabinet, or if on a raised floor, out the bottom of the unit. It is generally advisable to route the DC cables in from the cabinet before connecting them to the DC bus bars. There are two attachment nuts that hold the DC Bus fuses in place, one for the positive and one for the negative DC bus. The positive DC terminal is on the left hand side when facing the front of the MS. The negative DC terminal is on the right hand side. Terminate the DC cables with ring lugs and remove each not to attach each DC cable. Refer to Figure 6. To allow the DC load to control the DC bus voltage level under reverse current conditions, the DC load input terminals need to be connected to the internal of the 3060-MS. The 3060-MS uses a single ±200V dc bus rail to drive the output amplifier bridge so only one set of DC cables is needed between the TC.GSS and the 3060-MS. This DC cable set can be routed from inside the 3060-MS through one of the two available cable conduits that exists at the top of the MS cabinet. The TC. GSS should be placed next to the MS to keep cable runs as short as possible. Figure 6: 3060-MS Bus Bar Connections Page 3 of 7
4 If inverters with power levels higher than 32KW need to be tested, a second TC.GSS will be required connected in parallel with the first one. The DC load must be configured for parallel operation to support 50KW operation of the 3060-MX in regenerative mode. The completed setup is shown in Figure 7. This application was not a permanent installation so units were not installed in an instrument cabinet as would typically be the case. The 3060-MS has a diagnostic display panel (D3 Menu) that monitors the internal DC bus voltage. From this screen, the actual transitions between source and sink mode can easily be viewed. Some DC voltage imbalance between positive and negative DC bus may be observed which is normal. (Figure 9) Figure 9: Internal DC Bus Monitor Display in Source Mode Operation The TC.GSS also displays actual regenerative mode on its display as negative DC current and DC power readings. Refer to Figure 10. Figure 7: 3060-MS and DC Loads Combined Figure 10: Regenerative Mode Engaged at set DC Voltage DC Load Settings Figure 8: DC Cable Routing from MS Cabinet Under normal operating conditions, the 3060-MS DC bus is around ± 208Vdc for a total DC bus voltage of 416Vdc. As previously explained, when reversed current is flowing, the DC bus voltage will start to rise. To allow this energy to be delivered back to the utility grid, the TC.GSS is programmed to engage when it detects a DC input voltage of 420Vdc. This setting helps ensure a smooth transition between source and sink mode on the 3060-MS. Complete Inverter Test Setup Once the regenerative DC Load has been properly installed and configured, the rest of the setup is no different than any other grid tied inverter test setup. The output of the 3060-MS is applied to the UUT while Pacific s SCU/UPC-32 Programmable Controller is used to command voltage and frequency transients on the output of the AC Power Source. Page 4 of 7
5 Steady State Operation Several tests were run to verify regenerative operation using PV inverters designed for 400Vac L-L utility connection. Under steady state conditions, the MS Controller will also display negative AC power and Power Factors using its AC measurement functions. As the power factor of most PV inverters is close to 1.00, the VA power and true power are generally close to the same. The 3060-MS diagnostic display (Figure 9) shows that the DC bus is operating at +208/-216 or 424Vdc during regenerative mode which is only slightly higher than the 416Vdc observed during normal source mode of operation. Most of the power flowing into the MS output is being delivered back onto the grid. Short Duration Voltage Dips IEC applies short duration voltage dips to the inverter under tests as shown in the table below. These dips can easily be programmed on the 3060-MS when equipped with the SCU-UPC32 controller. The provided UPC Studio Windows software contains a test sequence capability that can be used to program these voltage dips. Test Step Dip to % Unom Time in cycles (Tc) Start Phase Repeat Between Dips to Next Step(s) Table 1: IEC Short Duration Voltage Dips Figure 11: Internal DC Bus Monitor Display in Sink Mode Operation With steady state operation verified to be normal, a series of dynamic grid anomaly tests (voltage dips) were ran to validate transient response of the MS + TC.GSS combination. Dynamic Inverter Tests Grid tied inverters are subject to several International and National safety standards. National standards can vary from country to country and the reader is advised to familiarize himself with local standards. The tests performed for this application note were based on IEC standard IEC which was published in September ( Assessment of low frequency electromagnetic immunity and emission requirements for dispersed generation systems in LV network ) It attempts to consolidate several national standards for low voltage ride through and other common LV network disturbances. Figure 12: UPC Studio Sequencer Screen for 70% Voltage Dips Figure 12 shows one of the programmed DIP test sequences applied to the inverter. The operation of the TC.GSS DC load during these AC voltage dip tests can be observed on its internal scope function which monitors DC voltage and current over time. Figure 12 shows the steady DC voltage level of the DC load input. Notice the sudden change in DC current during AC voltage dips as the amount of power flowing into the AC source changes with the AC voltage. Page 5 of 7
6 Figure 13: TC.GSS DC Load Scope View of DC Voltage and Current When applying a 0% voltage dip for a 2 cycle duration (40 msec), the inverter shut down and attempted to re-synchronize to the AC line once it returns to nominal values. During this time, the 3060-MS bus returned to its normal source mode level and the TC.GSS disengaged. After application of the sequence of three dips, the inverter under test re-connected with the AC source and regenerative mode was restored. This represents a passing condition as the generator dis-engaged as expected as a result of the grid anomaly. The same can be observed on the DC Load scope function display as the 3060-MS exits and enters regenerative mode. Test Step Dip to % Unom Time in cycles (Tc) Start Phase Repeat Between Dip(s) to Next Step(s) Table 2: IEC Long Duration Voltage Dips Figure 15: Long Duration Voltage Dips Sequence Setup Figure 14: Exit and Entry to and from Regenerative Mode during 0% Vdips Long Duration Voltage Dips Long duration voltage dips are used to simulate brown out conditions as they can occur on public utility networks. They are generally longer in duration (200 msec) but less severe. During this test, the nominal voltage is decreased 2% at a time till it reaches 80% of nominal. During the application of these longer duration but lower dip level voltages, the inverter under test continue to operate. Internal DC bus voltage of the 3060-MS remained stable at the regenerative mode level of 424Vdc. Frequency Variations Frequency transients are aimed at verifying that the inverter only operates over its allowable AC frequency range. This range is generally narrow and not symmetrical around the nominal frequency. When frequency excursions outside this range occur, grid tied inverters must disconnect form the utility grid within 0.2 to 0.5 seconds, depending on national standards. The test applied to the inverter for this application note consisted of a series of 0.10 Hz frequency increment steps to test for upper frequency limit compliance of a 50 Hz nominal inverter. Test sequence is shown in Table 3. Page 6 of 7
7 Test Step Frequency (Hz) Time (sec) to Next Step (sec) Table 3: Frequency Variations Applied In this case, the inverter failed the frequency disconnect test as it continued to operate beyond the national limit standard for the relevant country (51Hz). Internal DC bus voltage of the 3060-MS remained stable at the regenerative mode level of 424Vdc. Figure 16: Frequency Variations Sequence Setup Adding regenerative capability as described in this application note protects their investment and allows them to use an already familiar and proven piece of test equipment. For new users or those with expanding power needs, system upgrades are available. Simple inverter test sequences can be developed quickly using the free UPC Studio software as illustrated in the examples for this application note. More elaborate sequences including other test and measurement equipment to monitor DC input and AC power quality can be created using the optional UPC Test Manager software which provides a powerful Test Executive with built in report generator. For further information on configuring regenerative 3060-MS Based AC test systems, contact Pacific Power Source, Inc. Acknowledgements Author would like to recognize the engineering and application support team at Regatron AG corporate headquarters for their support and cooperation in providing the required TC.GSS regenerative DC Source/ Loads and performing these tests. Also would like to acknowledge the support provided by our distributor for Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Schulz Electronic GmbH. Regatron Contact Information: Regatron AG Kirchstrasse Rorschach Switzerland Tel Fax tc.support@regatron.ch Conclusion The addition of a regenerative DC load to maintain a normal internal DC bus voltage on the 3060-MS AC Power Source effectively creates a fully regenerative programmable AC source. This approach is particularly cost effective for existing 3060-MS Series users that are faced with new test requirements involving solar or wind inverters at power levels up to 50KW or higher. (For higher power level test requirements, 3060-MS Series cabinets can be paralleled to more than 500KW) Fitch, Irvine, CA USA Phone: Fax: Toll Free: sales@pacificpower.com Page 7 of 7
APPLICATION NOTE TESTING PV MICRO INVERTERS USING A FOUR QUADRANT CAPABLE PROGRAMMABLE AC POWER SOURCE FOR GRID SIMULATION. Abstract.
TESTING PV MICRO INVERTERS USING A FOUR QUADRANT CAPABLE PROGRAMMABLE AC POWER SOURCE FOR GRID SIMULATION Abstract This application note describes the four quadrant mode of operation of a linear AC Power
More informationWhat Is Regeneration?
What Is Regeneration? Braking / Regeneration Manual Regeneration Overview Revision 1.0 When the rotor of an induction motor turns slower than the speed set by the applied frequency, the motor is transforming
More informationInverter / Charger Installation General Operations and AC and DC Connections
Inverter / Charger Installation General Operations and AC and DC Connections The Inverter is just one piece. Sometimes, a tendency is to mount the inverter and batteries, and make it work It is better
More informationApplication Note - Connecting an Electricity Meter to SolarEdge Devices (Europe and APAC)
February 2015 February 2015 Application Note - Connecting an Electricity Meter to SolarEdge Devices (Europe and APAC) This document describes how to connect an electricity meter to a SolarEdge device (inverters,
More informationPower Electronics Testings
Power Electronics Testings PV Inverter Test Solution www.chromaate.com Turnkey Test & Automation Solution Provider w w w.chromaate.com A PV system is an energy system which directly converts energy from
More informationContractors Guide Central Inverter System Installation
Contractors Guide Central Inverter System Installation Step By Step Procedures 2,200 Watt/VA 6 Step Installation 1. Mount Bottom Cabinet 2. Mount Top Cabinet 3. Install Batteries 4. Install Conduit 5.
More informationConfigure Inverter output for two utility settings, (1)120V/60Hz, (2)220V/50Hz
HV Solar Inverter System GUI Overview January 2012 TMS320C2000 Systems Applications Collateral The HV Solar Inverter System GUI provides a simple interface to evaluate some of the functionalities of the
More informationAutomatic Voltage Regulator User s Manual
Resp. dept. R&D We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Copyright
More informationINSTALLATION GUIDE. Card Reader & Controller with KIM Swipe Reader for Solitaire 850 / 950 / 850L Learnlok PK2930
INSTALLATION GUIDE Card Reader & Controller with KIM Swipe Reader for Solitaire 850 / 950 / 850L Learnlok PK2930 Card Reader and Controller Model 3.5 with KIM Swipe Reader Table of Contents 1. Features..................................
More information4KVA/5KVA Parallel Installation Guide
4KVA/5KVA Parallel Installation Guide 1. Introduction This inverter can be used in parallel with two different operation modes. 1. Parallel operation in single phase with up to 4 units. The supported maximum
More informationAMFA-27 AMFA-29. Operator s Manual & Installation Instructions. Rev. 2.5
AMFA-27 AMFA-29 Operator s Manual & Installation Instructions Rev. 2.5 Date: 17 July, 2010 Permanently-connected, utility Interactive, single-phase, inverters Model AMFA-27 WIND TURBINE INVERTER (240 VAC
More informationTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR 1.5 KVA ONLINE UPS
Capacity Technology Inverter Technology Noise Level Operating Temperature Humidity Harmonic Distortion Total DC bus voltage Battery recharge time (After Complete discharge) to 100% charge Crest Factor
More informationUnderstanding Emergency Power Off (EPO)
Understanding Emergency Power Off (EPO) White Paper #22 Executive Summary Emergency Power Off (EPO) is the capability to power down a piece of electronic equipment or an entire installation from a single
More informationRISH EM 3490 DS Dual Source Energy Meter RISH EM 3490 DS. Application : Product Features:
Application : RISH Master 3490 DS measures important electrical parameters of Utility (in normal mode) & Generators (in Power back up) in three phase and single phase Network & replaces the multiple analog
More informationTroubleshooting Guide, Freedom and Fleet Power Inverter/Chargers
Technical Note Freedom/Fleet Power 512-0084-01-01 Rev 1 Troubleshooting Guide, Freedom and Fleet Power Inverter/Chargers Overview This document is a guide for troubleshooting inverters, battery chargers,
More informationHOW TO CORRECTLY CONNECT DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT CABLE SIZING
HOW TO CORRECTLY CONNECT DEEP CYCLE BATTERIES AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT CABLE SIZING There are several ways to wire multiple batteries to achieve the correct battery voltage or capacity for a particular DC
More informationTransfer Switch 30 Amps STS-30. Manual. Please read this manual before operating your transfer switch
Transfer Switch 30 Amps STS-30 Owner's Manual Please read this manual before operating your transfer switch Section 1 Introduction Function of a Transfer Switch In case of failure of the main AC power
More informationDaker DK 1, 2, 3 kva. Manuel d installation Installation manual. Part. LE05334AC-07/13-01 GF
Daker DK 1, 2, 3 kva Manuel d installation Installation manual Part. LE05334AC-07/13-01 GF Daker DK 1, 2, 3 kva Index 1 Introduction 24 2 Conditions of use 24 3 LCD Panel 25 4 Installation 28 5 UPS communicator
More informationThree-phase monitoring relay CM-PFE
Data sheet Three-phase monitoring relay CM-PFE The CM-PFE is a three-phase monitoring relay that monitors the phase parameter phase sequence and phase failure in three-phase mains. 2CDC 251 005 S0012 Characteristics
More informationSpecification Requirements DBL 700MX and 1000MX Series UPS
Specification Requirements DBL 700MX and 1000MX Series UPS Theory of Operation Upon loss of utility power, the UPS inverter shall continue to provide seamless pure sine-wave AC from the batteries without
More informationSP 4K/5K Efecto & SP 5K Brilliant Parallel Installation Guide 1. Introduction
SP 4K/5K Efecto & SP 5K Brilliant Parallel Installation Guide 1. Introduction This inverter can be used in parallel with two different operation modes. 1. Parallel operation in single phase with up to
More informationUnderstanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2
Application Note #40 Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Power Regulation" - Part 2 Introduction This application note is the second in a series on delta conversion theory of operation. For complete
More informationSeries 427. 1/16 DIN Multi-Mode Bar Graph Display Timer TIMERS PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
Series 427 1/16 DIN Multi-Mode Bar Graph Display Timer PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS Digital Setting with 0.1% Accuracy Unique LED Bargraph Indicates Time Cycle in 20% Increments 8 Field Selectable Modes of Operation
More informationNELSON VOLTAGE MONITOR INSTALLATION & PROGRAMMING MANUAL
NELSON VOLTAGE MONITOR INSTALLATION & PROGRAMMING MANUAL CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION...3 INSTALLATION...3 FIELD WIRING...4 PROGRAMMING...4 Circuit Monitor Options...5 Power Frequency...5 Alarm Silence
More informationHarmonics and Noise in Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter and the Mitigation Strategies
Soonwook Hong, Ph. D. Michael Zuercher Martinson Harmonics and Noise in Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter and the Mitigation Strategies 1. Introduction PV inverters use semiconductor devices to transform the
More informationMAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE. UniLynx Indoor User Manual. ULX 1800i ULX 3000i ULX 3600i ULX 5400i SOLAR INVERTERS
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE UniLynx Indoor User Manual ULX 1800i ULX 3000i ULX 3600i ULX 5400i SOLAR INVERTERS Contents Contents 1. Introduction 2 Introduction 2 2. Function Description 3 Definition
More informationWhite Paper SolarEdge Three Phase Inverter System Design and the National Electrical Code. June 2015 Revision 1.5
White Paper SolarEdge Three Phase Inverter System Design and the National Electrical Code June 2015 Revision 1.5 Shalhevet Bar-Asher; SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. Bill Brooks, PE; Brooks Engineering LLC
More information12 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS by John Ware. PV modules are current-limiting
12 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER by John Ware IT IS PLANNED for BS 7671:2008 to include a new Section 712 providing additional requirements for safety applicable to solar photovoltaic (pv) power supply systems.
More informationSmall Scale Renewable Energy Control Systems
Small Scale Renewable Energy Control Systems Brent Crowhurst Renewable Energy Program Coordinator Falls Brook Centre, New Brunswick, Canada Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy November 2006 - April
More informationQualitative Analysis of Power Distribution Configurations for Data Centers
Qualitative Analysis of Power Distribution Configurations for Data Centers White Paper #4 2007 The Green Grid. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used, reproduced, photocopied, transmitted,
More informationCable Discharge Event
Cable Discharge Event 1.0 Introduction The widespread use of electronic equipment in various environments exposes semiconductor devices to potentially destructive Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Semiconductor
More informationUser Manual. Hybrid 1KW-5KW INVERTER / CHARGER. Version: 1.1
User Manual Hybrid 1KW-5KW INVERTER / CHARGER Version: 1.1 Table of Contents ABOUT THIS MANUAL... 1 Purpose... 1 Scope... 1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS... 1 INTRODUCTION... 2 Product Overview... 3 INSTALLATION...
More informationSeries AMEPR30-AZ up to 2.5A AC-DC / DC-DC LED Driver / Converter
FEATURES: Click on Series name for product info on aimtec.com Models Single output Model Max Output Power (W) 1 AC-DC Constant Current or Constant Over temperature protection Voltage LED Driver Over current
More informationSX460. Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator Operation Manual
SX460 Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator Operation Manual Self Excited Automatic Voltage Regulator Compatible with Newage SX460* * Use for reference purpose only and not a genuine Newage product. 1.
More informationProduct and functional description
Product and functional description The KNX / DALI gateway N 141/02 is a 4 MU wide, DINrail mounted KNX device with one DALI interface to which up to 64 DALI actuators (e.g. DALI ballasts) can be connected
More informationProblem / Solution. The problem:
Problem / Solution Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology has shown significant development in recent years and this has led to many UK homeowners investing in Solar PV installations. Solar electricity is
More informationTotally Integrated Power SIESTORAGE. The modular energy storage system for a reliable power supply. www.siemens.com/siestorage
Totally Integrated Power SIESTORAGE The modular energy storage system for a reliable power supply www.siemens.com/siestorage Totally Integrated Power (TIP) We bring power to the point. Our products, systems,
More informationSolar Energy Conversion using MIAC. by Tharowat Mohamed Ali, May 2011
Solar Energy Conversion using MIAC by Tharowat Mohamed Ali, May 2011 Abstract This work introduces an approach to the design of a boost converter for a photovoltaic (PV) system using the MIAC. The converter
More information30-120 3 Phase Modular Finally the benefits of Modular ups are for all
MUST 30-120 3 Phase Modular UPS Finally the benefits of Modular ups are for all MUST 30-120 MUST means Modular UPS System Three-phase MUST 30-120 is an uninterruptible power supply with double conversion
More informationModel SETR-50 and SETR-51 Trim Tab Control
Model SETR-50 and SETR-51 Trim Tab Control Pictured above is the SETR-50 with black switches on a gray background. The SETR-51 is identical except for the color, wherein it has black switches on a black
More information38 Series - Relay interface modules 0.1-2 - 3-5 - 6-8 A
38 Series - Relay interface modules 0.1-2 - 3-5 - 6-8 A Common features Instant ejection of relay by plastic retaining clip Integral coil indication and protection circuit EMR Electromechanical Relays
More informationYSmart Technology Co.,Ltd
YSmart Technology Co.,Ltd GWV Series Grid Tie Microinverter User Manual The copyright of this user manual belong to YSmart TechnologyCompany Limited. Without the written permission of the copyright holder,
More informationSingle-phase (220...240 V) voltage monitoring: Undervoltage Overvoltage Window mode (overvoltage + undervoltage) Voltage fault memory selectable
Features 70.11 70.31 70.41 Electronic voltage monitoring relays for single and three-phase applications Multifunctional types, providing the flexibility of monitoring Undervoltage, Overvoltage, Window
More informationTransfer Equipment Controls
Control Types Manual Transfer Switches Nonautomatic Transfer Switches Automatic Transfer Switches The type of control system for the transfer switch will vary depending on the type of switching equipment
More informationStep Voltage Regulators
Step Voltage Regulators Don Wareham Field Application Engineer Today s Agenda Introduction Voltage Regulator theory Voltage Regulator application considerations Installation and proper bypassing Wrap-up/questions
More informationExample of use: Fuse for a solenoid valve. If the fuse is defective, no information is sent to the electronic component.
Overview Switch and button modules The dimensions of the switch and button modules are adapted to the electronic components in the integral housing. The modules are equipped with the universal clip-on
More informationDC Motor control Reversing
January 2013 DC Motor control Reversing and a "Rotor" which is the rotating part. Basically there are three types of DC Motor available: - Brushed Motor - Brushless Motor - Stepper Motor DC motors Electrical
More informationLTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA. General Specification
08/17/12 Rev2 LTR Series General Specification 700 VA to 2.1 KVA 1.0 General LTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA General Specification This specification describes the features and
More informationStandards in Marine Power Systems. APEC 2014 Session IS2.1 Power Electronic Standards Roger Dougal University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208
Standards in Marine Power Systems APEC 2014 Session IS2.1 Power Electronic Standards Roger Dougal University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208 Need is Driven by Electrification Oasis of the Seas DDG
More information47000 SERIES - ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMERS
7000 SERIES - ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMERS MYRRA encapsulated electronic transformers are Switched Mode Power Supplies based on Flyback topology. They constitute an interesting alternative to the traditional
More informationAC COUPLED HYBRID SYSTEMS AND MINI GRIDS
, Michael; Hermes, Matthias SMA Technologie AG Hannoversche Str. 1-5 34266 Niestetal GERMANY E-mail: Michael.@SMA.de E-mail: Matthias.Hermes@SMA.de 1. INTRODUCTION Distributed supply based on renewable
More informationMCR1900 Media Converter 19-Slot Chassis
MCR1900 Media Converter 19-Slot Chassis Installation Guide Part #5500304-11 Copyright Statement This document must not be reproduced in any way whatsoever, either printed or electronically, without the
More informationThe Quest for Energy Efficiency. A White Paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity
The Quest for Energy Efficiency A White Paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity Abstract One of the most widely discussed issues throughout the world today is the rapidly increasing price
More informationNuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System Requirements
1 Nuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System Requirements Željko Jurković, Krško NPP, zeljko.jurkovic@nek.si Abstract Various regulations and standards require from electrical power system of the
More informationRedundancy Module QUINT-DIODE/40
Redundancy Module QUT DIODE provides: 00% decoupling of power supplies connected in parallel Can be installed in potentially explosive areas Load currents up to 60 A supported Easy assembly by snapping
More informationHigh Power Programmable DC Power Supplies PVS Series
Data Sheet High Power Programmable DC Power Supplies The PVS10005, PVS60085, and PVS60085MR programmable DC power supplies offer clean output power up to 5.1 kw, excellent regulation, and fast transient
More informationElectronic timer CT-AHD.12 OFF-delayed with 1 c/o (SPDT) contact
Data sheet Electronic timer CT-AHD.12 OFF-delayed with 1 c/o (SPDT) contact The CT-AHD.12 is an electronic time relay with OFF-delay. It is from the CT-D range. With their MDRC profile and a width of only
More informationGeneral Validation Test Program for Wind Power Plants Connected to the Hydro-Québec Transmission System
General Validation Test Program for Wind Power Plants Connected to the Hydro-Québec Transmission System Direction Planification des actifs et expertise de transport February 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. CONDUCTING
More informationSolid State Timers Type F
Solid State Timers Type F Class 9050 CATALOG CONTENTS Description.....................................................Page Product Descriptions............................................. 3 Application
More informationGTEC transfer switch open transition
GTEC transfer switch open transition 40-1250 Amp Description The GTEC automatic transfer switch combines reliability and flexibility in a small, economical package for transferring loads between a utility
More informationSD Series. SD Series Rectifiers. EPC Energy & Power Conversion
Rectifiers Microprocessor controlled rectifier technology Fully adjustable float, boost and equalizing charge modes with V/I characteristic Advanced technology for phase control Verylowvoltage ripple and
More informationPower Supplies 3. SDN-P DIN Rail Series
SDN-P DIN Rail Series The SDN DIN Rail power supplies provide industry leading performance. Sag Immunity, transient suppression and noise tolerant, the SDN series ensures compatibility in demanding applications.
More informationSolarEdge Export Limitation Guide
SolarEdge Export Limitation Guide Europe and APAC Version 2.0 Disclaimers Disclaimers Important Notice Copyright SolarEdge Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in
More informationGLOLAB Two Wire Stepper Motor Positioner
Introduction A simple and inexpensive way to remotely rotate a display or object is with a positioner that uses a stepper motor to rotate it. The motor is driven by a circuit mounted near the motor and
More informationRM17TE 183...528 V AC. Main. Product or component type. Product specific application. Relay monitored parameters 250 V DC 5 A DC
Characteristics multifunction control relay RM17-TE - range 183..528 V AC Complementary Reset time Maximum switching voltage Minimum switching current Maximum switching current [Us] rated supply voltage
More informationLEHI CITY POWER NET METERING STANDARDS For Customer-Owned Electric Generating Systems
LEHI CITY POWER NET METERING STANDARDS For Customer-Owned Electric Generating Systems A. General This Net Metering Standard for Customer-Owned Grid Connected Electric Generating Systems sets forth the
More information46120-F0 Solar Energy Training System
46120-F0 Solar Energy Training System LabVolt Series Datasheet Festo Didactic en 120 V - 60 Hz 06/2016 Table of Contents General Description 2 List of Equipment 2 List of Manuals 3 Table of Contents of
More informationAnti-blackout system for grid connected solar installations (Solsafe concept)
Anti-blackout system for grid connected solar installations (Solsafe concept) General description The Solsafe concept is a system which will automatically switch from a grid feeding inverter connected
More informationEverything you need for protection scheme testing
Power System Simulator for Testing Protection Relays and Schemes Everything you need for protection scheme testing The is the only instrument with the high power, flexibility and software to perform full
More informationA MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONIZING THE GRID WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY IMPLEMENTING BATTERY CUM DC-DC CONERTER
A MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONIZING THE GRID WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY IMPLEMENTING BATTERY CUM DC-DC CONERTER 1 KARUNYA CHRISTOBAL LYDIA. S, 2 SHANMUGASUNDARI. A, 3 ANANDHI.Y 1,2,3 Electrical
More informationMagnet field- and Radiation Tolerant New Power Supply System MARATON - Technical Overview. 22-Sep-03 1
Magnet field- and Radiation Tolerant New Power Supply System MARATON - Technical Overview 22-Sep-03 1 Modular Power Supply System MARATON 2 Versions: To power crates (UEP6..) or generic electronics (PL5..)
More informationServer Technology, Inc.
Server Technology, Inc. Power Efficiency Gains by Deploying 415 VAC Power Distribution in North American Data Centers White Paper STI-100-008 2009-April-07 Headquarters Server Technology, Inc. 1040 Sandhill
More informationUPS Applications and VRLA Battery Sizing
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7334 UPS Applications and VRLA Battery Sizing 41-7334/0213/CD www.cdtechno.com The uninterruptable power system (UPS) is used to protect critical equipment and processes from the
More informationModular I/O System Analog and Digital Interface Modules
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Modular I/O System Analog and Digital Interface Modules Installation Operation Maintenance Document Information Document ID Title: Operating Instructions Modular I/O System Part
More information3-phase, bidirectional energy meter
Data sheet www.sbc-support.com 3-phase, bidirectional energy meter with S0 pulse output Bidirectional energy meter with S0-interface. The S0 interface is a hardware interface for the transmission of measured
More informationThyristor-controlled power supplies and battery chargers
Thyristor-controlled power supplies and battery chargers Input voltage: 115 / 230 VAC, single phase, 50 / 60 Hz or 208 / 400 / 480 VAC, three phases, 50 / 60 Hz Output voltage: 12 / 24 / 48 / 60 / 72 /
More informationMobile Data Power Model: MDP-25
Mobile Data Power Model: MDP-25 Topic Section Features... 2 Operational Features Summary... 2 Back-up Battery Power Internal Charger Voltage Spike Protection RF Noise Filtering Warning of Imminent Loss
More informationTechnical Information POWER PLANT CONTROLLER
Technical Information POWER PLANT CONTROLLER Content The Power Plant Controller offers intelligent and flexible solutions for the control of all PV power plants in the megawatt range. It is suitable for
More informationUser Manual DONGGUAN SHENGYANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. SY WMVC Smart Grid Tie Microinverter. Dongguan Shengyang Industrial Co., Ltd.
DONGGUAN SHENGYANG INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD SY WMVC Smart Grid Tie Microinverter User Manual Dongguan Shengyang Industrial Co., Ltd. ADD: No. 1 Shangxin Road, New Village, Xin An Community, Chang An Town, Dongguan
More informationDCS Series 1 kw, 1.2 kw, & 3 kw
DCS Series 1 kw, 1.2 kw, & 3 kw AVAILABLE WITH LXI STANDARD COMPLIANT ETHERNET Applications Automotive Electronics Rackmount ATE System Battery Charging DCS Series DCS Series: 1 kw, 1.2 kw, & 3 kw DCS
More informationApplication/Connection Examples
This Quick Start Guide is designed to familiarize the user with the connection and configuration of the DTS-305 DIN rail mounted single / 3 phase power & energy meter with RS-485 or TCP communications.
More informationINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
LIGHTING CONTROL PANELS 4 AND 8 RELAYS INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW The installation instructions contained in this document are provided as a guide for proper and reliable installation.
More informationSOLAR PV STANDARD ELECTRICAL PLAN Microinverter Systems for Single Family Dwellings
*** Provide this document to the inspector along with ALL system installation instructions *** Project Address: Scope: Standard plan for the installation of grounded microinverter solar PV systems, not
More informationFixed - Over/Under voltage limits, (0.75...1.2) U N respectivity Link selectable - 5 min or 10 min delay. Fixed limits
Features 71.11.8.230.0010 71.11.8.230.1010 1 - Phase 230 V Over & Under voltage monitoring relays 71.11.8.230.0010 - Fixed Over & Under voltage detection - Link selectable 5 or 10 minute lock-out delay
More informationFRENIC5000MS5 for Machine Tool Spindle Drives
FRENIC5MS5 for Machine Tool Spindle Drives Yoshikazu Tanaka Hiroaki Hayashi Hiroshi Takahashi 1. Introduction Fig.1 External view of FRENIC5MS5 In AC spindle drive systems for machine tools, operation
More informationIsolated-Parallel UPS Configuration
Isolated-Parallel UPS Configuration 1 Inhalt 1 Introduction... 4 2 IP systems configuration... 6 3 Projects... 17 4 Conclusions... 17 2 Abstract The isolated-parallel UPS configuration has become well
More informationTIG INVERTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TIG INVERTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL Contents Warning General Description Block Diagram Main Parameters Circuit Diagram Installation and Operation Caution Maintenance Spare Parts List Troubleshooting 3 4 4
More informationA.1. a Division of Pittway Corporation. Documento: M-010.1-MGAS-ENG. Edizione: 01/1997 Rev.:
Documento: M-010.1-MGAS-ENG Edizione: 01/1997 Rev.: A.1 a Division of Pittway Corporation FRONT PANEL & VISUAL INDICATIONS GENERAL TROUBLE GENERAL PROGRAMMING IN PROGRESS ENABLE/ALARM/TROUBLE (ZONE 1 ALARM
More informationAlternative data center power
Alternative data center power A quantitative TCO comparison of 400V AC and 600V AC power systems Abstract Power efficiency has become a critical focus for IT and facilities managers as they struggle to
More informationYour Advantages For safety application up to PL e / Cat. 4 e.g. SIL 3 Manual or automatic start 0225592. * see variants. Applications.
Safety Technique SAFEMASTER Emergency Stop Module BG 5924, IP 5924 Your Advantages For safety application up to PL e / Cat. 4 e.g. SIL 3 Manual or automatic start 0225592 BG 5924 IP 5924 Product Description
More information38 Series - Relay interface modules 0.1-2 - 3-5 - 6-8 - 16 A
38 Series - Relay interface modules 0.1-2 - 3-5 - 6-8 - 16 A 38 SERIES Common features Instant ejection of relay by plastic retaining clip Integral coil indication and protection circuit EMR Electromechanical
More informationLINETRAXX VMD460-NA. Network and system protection (NS protection) for monitoring the power feed-in of power generation systems
LIETRAXX -A etwork and system protection (S protection) for monitoring the power feed-in of power generation systems TDB301021en/06.2013 LIETRAXX -A etwork and system protection (S protection) for monitoring
More informationBB800 Off-Grid Solar System
BB800 Off-Grid Solar System KEY PRODUCT FEATURES Control Box & Charge Controller 1000W of Solar Panels 4x200Ah of SLA Batteries in series 2KW Inverter Output Power Solar Panel & Battery Mounting Our entry
More informationPow-R-Con Multi Function Control
37264 Pow-R-Con Multi Function Control Product Specification Product Specification 37264 Product Information DYNA Power Controls Pow-R-Con TM GENERAL The Barber-Colman Pow-R-Con TM represents an integrated
More informationConsiderations When Specifying a DC Power Supply
Programming Circuit White Paper Considerations When Specifying a DC Power Supply By Bill Martin, Sales/Applications Engineer Every automated test system that tests electronic circuit boards, modules or
More informationPower Supply Unit, Primary Switched, Narrow Design MINI-PS-12-24DC/24DC/1
Power Supply Unit, Primary Switched, Narrow Design MINI POWER provides: Extra narrow design with widths of 22.5 mm, 45 mm, and 67.5 mm (0.886, 1.772, and 2.657 in.) Global use due to a wide-range input
More informationCONNECTOR AMPLIFIER FOR PROPORTIONAL VALVES (4-20 ma Input Version)
TECHNICAL DATASHEET #TD1102AX CONNECTOR AMPLIFIER FOR PROPORTIONAL VALVES (4-20 ma Input Version) Part Number: Connector Amplifier CAPV-H-4-20MA-x complete with cable CAPV-4C-yM Where: x = current output
More informationCurrent valve. for AC 24 V pulse/pause control of electrical loads up to 30 kw
4 937 DESIO Current valve for AC 24 V pulse/pause control of electrical loads up to 30 kw SEA45.1 Use The current valve is used for the control of electric heating elements in heating, ventilation and
More informationCurrent Transformer (CT) Selection Guide
Current Transformer (CT) Selection Guide Article ESA-1008D December 5, 2014 Contents 1 Introduction.............................................. 3 1.1 Extending CT leads.......................................
More information