Scorebord van België. Prof. Dr. Ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo - VUB

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1 Scorebord van België Prof. Dr. Ir. Joeri Van Mierlo

2 Electric Vehicles beat the speed limits 1899 Jenatzy - Jamais Contente 2010 Venturi 100 km/h 495 km/h Pag. 2

3 BELGIUM WITHIN EUROPE Pag. 3

4 Overview in Europe (some examples) United Kingdom 450 milj EVs asap charging stations in 2015 The Netherlands 65 milj euro 10k EVs in 2015, 200k EVs in charging points by 2010 France 1500 milj euro 2 milj EVs by milj charging points by 2020 Sweden 2030 Electric vehicle city 2050 Fossil free city 2010: 100 charging stations (65% households have engine heathers) Germany 500 milj euro 1 milj. in 2020, 5 milj in 2030 Portugal 180k EVs in charging points by Pag. 4 Spain 590 milj euro 20k EVs in 2011, 50k in 2012, 250k in charging points by 2020 Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010 Italy 10% EVs by 2020

5 European Cities (Some examples) London 60m, EVs asap charging stations in 2015 Amsterdam 10k EVs by 2015, 0.2 milj by 2040 Paris 50m EVs in car rental system parkings with charging station Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona 2010: EVs 280 charging stations in Madrid 191 charging stations in Bacelona Pag. Stockholm 2030 Electric vehicle city 2010: 100 charging stations Berlin 500 charging stations in2010 Rome 2010: 100 electric busses, 100 e- car, 220 e-bike sharing system Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010

6 In the pipeline Proeftuin (Minister Lieten) Actieplan EV (EWI) Masterplan EV (LNE) Platform EV (FOD Economie) Federale financiële incentives Watt roadshow (BBL en ASBE) Road map EV (BBL) Flanders Drive R&D projects VUB R&D projects Pag. 6

7 Demo and collaboration in Europe United Kingdom EDF-Toyota, Milton Keynes, Plugged-in Places Sweden MOBILEL, Joint venture Volvo, Saab, ETC, Vattenfall The Netherlands Essent (Project ZER-X) France Renault-Nissan-EDF (400 mio euro), Toyota- EDF, Renault Trucks EDF, Autolib autosharing (4,000 EVs, 50 mio euro) Germany E-mobility Berlin, Vattenfall Volvo, Vattenfall - BMW Spain Madrid airport Italy Enel-Renault-Nissan, Enel- Daimler (in Milan, Pisa & Rome) Pag. 7 Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010

8 EV financiële incentives United Kingdom Max 5,000 for EV, no registration and ownership tax Ireland Max 2,000 benefit on registration tax The Netherlands Max 6,400 benefit on registration tax for EV Belgium 30 % tax reduction on purchase price of EV (max 9,000) France Max 5,000 for EV Spain 2,000 to 6,000 for EV Portugal No registration tax Italy Max 3,500 for EV Source: MOBI Vrije Universiteit Brussel 2010 Norway No sales & no road tax (normally 10-40%!) Sweden Max 1,600 for EV, no circulation tax Denmark No registration tax for EVs (normallly between 105% and 180%) Czech Republic No road tax for EV Austria 500 for EV No fuel consumption tax & no road tax Greece No registration and circulation tax Cyprus 700 for EV Germany No circulation tax Romania No registration tax Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo; MOBI-VUB, 2010 Pag. 8 Data is not exhaustive!

9 Taxation for EVs in Belgium Reduction Maximum Quadricycle 15% EV 30% Charging point 40% 250 Registration tax EV 61,50 Ownership tax EV 71,28 Lowest rates possible in Belgium 2010 rates Pag. 9 Ref:

10 Life Cycle Cost of EVs Pag. 10

11 Vehicle Cost structure Pag. 11

12 Life Cycle Cost of EVs EVs still higher LCC BUT Economies of scale New contracts cfr leasing ICE cars EVs Pag. 12 Ref: Cathy Macharis & Kenneth Lebeau VUB

13 Environmentally friendly vehicles research MOBI) Tax reform analyses Life cycle cost calculations Pag Policy evaluation Vehicle choice modelling Price sensitivity measures Purchase behaviour assessment Travel behaviour assessment Information processing experiments Prof. Cathy Macharis - VUB

14 BELGIUM MARKET Pag. 14

15 Today Tazzari Zero Newteon Goupil Smile Pag. 15

16 Tomorrow Nissan Leaf Mitsubishi MiEV Opel Ampera Smart ED Pag. 16

17 Tomorrow e-mini Renault Fluence Vovlo C30 Peugeot I-on Pag. 17

18 Which EVs will you buy? Small car Citroën C-zero Pininfarina B zero Mitsubishi imiev Medium sized car Renault Fluence Ford Focus electric BMW ActiveE Sports car Audi E-tron Fisker Karma Mercedes SLS AMG Pag. 18 Ref:

19 Already available The EVs are coming Renault Kangoo ZEFord Transit Connect S summer 2011 Think City Mitsu imiev Renault Fluence Renault Twizzy BMW Active E Tazzari Zero Pininfarina B Zero Peugeot ion / Citroën C-zero Reva/G-Wizz Heuliez Friendly Daimler A EV Nissan Leaf Volvo PHEV Toyota Prius PHEV BMW Mini E Opel Ampera / Chevy Volt Renault Zoe ZE

20 Electric vehicles in Belgium Pag. 20

21 Hybrid Vehicles in Belgium Around 6000 hybrid vehicles Important sales increase since 2007, due to climate change awareness and financial incentives, e.g. 2004: 400 Prius II 2009: 1400 Prius III Hybrid Auris: in 3 months Pag. 21

22 Evolution of Passenger transport energy sources and propulsion technology, towards Pag. 22 Source: ERTRAC Strategic Research Agenda 2010: Towards a 50% more efficient road transport system by 2030

23 Policy measures for EVs Pag. 23 Ref: Development of policy recommendations to harvest the potential of electric vehicles

24 INFRASTRUCTURE Pag. 24

25 Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pag. 25

26 Share of parkings in houses (Belgium, 2009) 3.4 milj garages, parkings of overdekte staanplaatsen bij woningen 5.2 milj personenwagens en lichte bedrijfswagens Totaal Buildings en flatgebouwen met appartementen Huizen in open bebouwing, hoeven en kastelen Huizen in halfopen bebouwing Huizen in gesloten bebouwing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% % garages/woongelegenheid % garages/gebouw Pag. 26 Bron: Joeri Van Mierlo VUB op basis van FOD Economie

27 Range anxiety 95 tot 99% ritten <100km 30% wagenpark nooit >100km Laadinfrastructuur Plug-in hybride (EV+range extender) Dynamisch inductief laden Betere batterijen: Specifieke energie (Wh/kg): x2 x2 x3 x3 Lead Nickel Lithium ? J. Van Mierlo - VUB Pag. 27

28 Charging infrastructure Inductive charging Fast charging (5%) Normal charging 95% (overnight, cheap, available everywhere, efficient) Pag. 28

29 Charging points in Belgium Normal charge In Belgium: installment of charging points done by companies, parking holders and private initiatives Quick charge PLUG TO DRIVE (Total Belgium) 12 quick chargers installed around Brussels Examples: Leaseplan, McDonalds, Belgacom, Eandis, Interparking, Q8, Brico, Est: >100 charging points in Belgium Mostly on semi-private domain Pag. 29 Ref:

30 Infrastructure Some examples: ThePluginCompany Becharged Enovates Ineltra Systems Krautli Pag. 30

31 Electricityproduction en distribution 10% EVs = > % extra electricity production But potential extra demand for electricity after working hours Smart battery charging during off peak hours Battery as storage solution? opportunity to give electricity back to the grid? Impact on life expectancy of battery 2 nd hand market for EV batteries (still 80% original capacity) Pag. 31

32 BELGIAN ELECTRICITY Pag. 32

33 Well-to-Wheel Electricity production Electric Vehicle Fuel production ICE vehicle Pag. 33

34 Well-to-Wheel energy consumption Pag. 34 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010

35 LCA results small family car: GHE (IPCC g CO2 eq/km) Pag. 35 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010

36 Influence of Power Plant Boxplot: Range of GHE results for BEV (ton CO2-eq) Pag. 36 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010

37 More info? Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo Contact Pag. 37