Wholesale Fixed Line Text

Transcription

1 Wholesale Fixed Line Text FAQs Please note that the information contained in this briefing note is being provided to all Calls & Access single line PSTN, Digital, Multiline and Wholesale Access and Wholesale ISDN30 Service Providers. Whilst BT has endeavoured to ensure accuracy of the information contained within this briefing, it cannot be guaranteed to be accurate and the information that appears in the BT Price List, where applicable, will be that which will apply to all Service Providers. BT cannot accept liability for any inaccuracies contained within this briefing. British Telecommunications plc Page 1

2 Content 1. General 2. Telephones 3. Caller Display 4. Registration 5. Home Mover 6. Opt in/opt out 7. Sending 8. Number Withhold 9. Receive 10. Saving Electronic Messages 11. Nuisance Texts 12. Bill 13. Repair 14. Compensation/Rebates 15. Miscellaneous British Telecommunications plc Page 2

3 1. GENERAL Q1. What is SMS? A1. The Short Message Service (SMS) is the ability to send and receive text messages between suitable telephones. It is the same as text messaging on mobile phones and the facility is now being made available from fixed telephone lines. The text can comprise of words, numbers, symbols or an alphanumeric combination. A single short message can be up to 160 characters in length using default GSM alphabet coding, 140 characters when Cyrillic character set is used and 70 characters when UCS2 international character coding is used. Q2. How do I order Fixed Line Text for my line? A2. There is no need to order a separate text line. All you need is a text enabled phone and Caller Display. Once you send your first text, the text network will then automatically know you can receive text messages. Q3. When will the Fixed Line Text service be available? A3. The Fixed Line Text service is available now. Q4. How much does the Fixed Line Text service cost? A4. The Fixed Line Text service is provided free of charge, you will however require the Caller Display service to allow you to receive your messages and a suitable telephone to send messages. Each time you send a message you will be charged a set fee (for related information, see questions 6, 7 and 8). Q5. Does the Fixed Line Text service include MMS picture messaging? A5. No; not at this time. Q6. How much does a Fixed Line Text message cost? A6. For the current price, please refer to Section 36 of the BT Price List. Q7. Is there a different price to text from a fixed line to a fixed line and a fixed line to a mobile line? A7. Yes, BT Wholesale is charging different prices to text from fixed line to fixed line and from fixed line to mobile line please refer to Section 36 of the BT Price List. However, prices to end users are set by the individual Service Providers. Q8. Are Fixed Line Text messages from my fixed phone cheaper than mobile texts, specifically 02, Orange, T-Mobile, and Vodafone? A8. If you want to compare prices with competitors then please contact them directly. Q9. What are the benefits of the Fixed Line Text service? A9. You will be able to send and receive Fixed Line Text messages from your home telephone number. You will be able to send texts without the need for a mobile phone. Q10. Can I have Fixed Line Text from my existing line? A10. Yes, but you will have to have a suitable text enabled telephone to send messages and the Caller Display facility to receive incoming text messages. Q11. Do I need any special equipment to use Fixed Line Text? A11. An SMS enabled telephone handset and the Caller Display service. British Telecommunications plc Page 3

4 Q12. Why do I need the Caller Display service to send and receive Fixed Line Text? A12. You will need the Caller Display service to enable you to receive your incoming text messages. 2. TELEPHONES Q13. Why do I need a special phone to send and receive texts? A13. Although the majority of telephones have alphabetic characters associated with the dialling digit keys they are not usually enabled to allow these to transmit text. Specialised telephones have an enabled text facility. Q14. What types of telephone have the text feature? A14. For a full list of up-to-date telephones please refer to BT.com. There are other suppliers of text feature telephones available on the High Street. Q15. I have a text enabled telephone handset, however, I cannot receive or send text messages. A15. You will have to send a text message to register for the service before you will be able to receive text messages. You will also need the Caller Display Service to enable you to view your incoming text messages. You will have to contact your retailer or telephone manufacturer to further investigate why your text facility does not work. You can test your line and equipment by sending a test message. Type register and send to 00000, the platform will send you a reply message, this will prove your line and equipment is working. Q16. Where can I get a text phone? A16. You can get a text phone from BT.com and on the High Street at most places that sell telephones. Q17. I have a hard-wired telephone; can I receive or send Fixed Line Text? A17. No, hard-wired telephones are not suitable for text messaging. If you want to have a text facility you will have to convert to a plug and socket type installation and purchase a suitable text enabled telephone. You will also need the Caller Display service to view your messages. Alternatively, a text message sent to you will be converted to a voice message by our Text To Speech (TTS) service and delivered as such. Q18. Why does my phone have to be near to a power supply? A18. Most telephones of this type require a power supply to work the additional facilities associated with the telephone. Q19. I bought a phone abroad/down the market/old stock, which is not working, what do I do? A19. Please refer to the manufacturer s instructions. 3. CALLER DISPLAY Q20. Do I need a separate Caller Display unit? A20. You will need the Caller Display service to view your messages. Some of the newer handsets are being developed with text in mind and have a display which you can read. You must have an SMS phone to be able to read messages; you will not be able to read them on other Caller Display units. British Telecommunications plc Page 4

5 Q21. Why do you not just put Caller Display on my line when I register for the text message service? A21. The Caller Display service has a rental cost associated with it and we would not assume that you would be willing to pay for this service without you making that decision for yourself. Q22. Where was I told that the end user would need the Caller Display service? A22. All Fixed Line Text documentation refers to the fact that Caller Display is required to get the best from your text messaging service. Any promotional material also refers to Caller Display and the telephone packaging. Q23. I have a Caller Display unit; can I receive text messages on that? A23. No, you have to have an SMS enabled phone and be registered with the Fixed Line Text service before you can receive text messages. Q24. I can t have Caller Display; will I be able to use the service? A24. You can send text messages (with an SMS enabled handset), however, you will not be able to receive texts. We will be able to deliver text messages to you in the form of a spoken voice message. Q25. Why do I need to subscribe to Caller Display? My mobile phone company does not charge a fee to send text messages. A25. The SMS text service offered by Mobile phone operators is supported by GSM (Global System for Mobile). Our service cannot be supported by GSM and the alternative technology we employ can only be supported by Caller Display. Additionally, Caller Display offers the benefits of letting you know the dialling number before you answer the call. 4. REGISTRATION Q26. I have purchased an SMS text messaging telephone and I want to register for Fixed Line Text. What do I do next? A26. All you need do is to send a text message and you will be automatically registered as an SMS text user. You will need Caller Display to receive text messages. Q27. What number do I need to call to register for Fixed Line Text? A27. All you need do is to send an outgoing text and you will be automatically registered as an SMS text user. Q28. How do I know that I have registered for the Fixed Line Text service? A28. You will receive a text or voice message welcoming you to the service. The voice message will be received if Caller Display is not activated on your line, even though you have an SMS enabled phone. Q29. How do I programme my handset to register for the Fixed Line Text service? A29. New handsets should arrive pre-programmed to use the Fixed Line Text service. However, if you need to re-programme your handset, please refer to your telephone user guide. (Please also see Q30, which refers to this subject). Q30. What is the Fixed Line Text platform number? A30. Generally, the number for outgoing is and for incoming it is If your SMS handset needs extra digits, add in 0 or # till it makes the British Telecommunications plc Page 5

6 number up to the correct digits, different phones require different padding of the digits, e.g will become if 15 digits are required. This will not work for all handsets, please refer to your user guide. Further help is available in the following document: Q31. How long after I register will it be before I am able to use my Fixed Line Text service? A31. All you need do is to send an outgoing text and you will be automatically registered as an SMS text user. Once registered, you can use your service. For your incoming service you will have to wait until your Caller Display service is provided. Q32. I have registered for the Fixed Line Text service. Why can I not carry out a two way text conversation immediately? A32. To use the service fully, you need to have the Caller Display service on your line to receive text messages. The work to provide the Caller Display service is not immediate and takes some time. However, you should have the service provided on the same day. 5. HOME MOVER Q33. I have moved home, what do I need to do to use my Fixed Line Text service? A33. All you need to do is send an outgoing text which will re-register you at your new address. 6. OPT IN/OPT OUT Q34. How do I opt out/opt back in to the Fixed Line Text messaging service? A34. This will only apply to voice (TTS) messages. The end user can also call an Interactive Voice Response service on Please see also Q101, which refers to opt-out from receiving T-Mobile TTS voice messages. Q35. I have sent a text message and have discovered the person has opted out from receiving TTS messages, how can I get a message to them? A35. Whether or not a customer wants to receive text messages is entirely up to them. If they do not want to receive text messages you may wish to give them a telephone call instead to discuss the matter with them. 7. SENDING Q36. Can I send a message to a friend who does not have a text enabled fixed line phone? A36. Yes. If no phones in your friend's house are text compatible, the message will be delivered as a voice message. If your friend does not answer the call, the message will be left on any answer phone or answering service they have. Q37. Can I send a message to a friend who does not have a Fixed Line Text enabled phone or BT Answer/Call Minder? A37. Yes the message will be converted to a voice message (TTS) and delivered as such. If the called customer does not answer the call and does not have facilities to leave a message we will attempt to deliver the message at a later time. British Telecommunications plc Page 6

7 Q38. Can I send a text from my BT fixed line to a cable customer? A38. Yes, but it will be delivered as a TTS converted message. You currently will be unable to send an SMS text to a cable customer. We do continually review our service offering and will be looking in to SMS texting with cable companies in the future. Q39. Can I send a message to a friend who does not have a Fixed Line Text enabled phone but has a messaging service provided by another company/i have a messaging service from another supplier will I be able to receive if I do not have an text phone? A39. Yes (subject to commercial agreement with that other supplier). Currently these will all be received as TTS outcalls, not messages deposited in a voic service. Q40. Can I send a text message to any mobile in the UK? A40. Yes. Q41. Can I send and receive messages from International numbers? A41. No, not yet. However we continually review our service offering and may be looking to receive messages from International numbers in the future. Q42. I am a Northern Ireland customer; can I send texts to customers in the Republic of Ireland? A42. No, not yet. The text service is independent from the telephone network, which has initially been set up for the UK only. However, we continually review our services and may be looking at an international text service in the future. Q43. Can I send or receive text messages from a mobile customer who is abroad? A43. Not whilst they are outside of UK boundaries, even though it is a UK registered mobile. Once the mobile is back within UK boundaries you will be able to send text messages to it. Q44. I want to send a text to a friend but I want them to receive the message as voice message, how do I do that? A44. You will be able to "force" messages to go to TTS to other SMS enabled fixed lines by inserting characters into the message string. You need to start the message with *3# and then continue to type your message as normal. Q45. How will I know if my message fails? A45. We will provide you with a notification if the message fails before it leaves the BT SMS platform. Once it leaves the BT platform we have no control over the message. Q46. Will I be charged for failed messages? A46. If you get a failed message you will not be charged for that message. Q47. What if I send a text message in a foreign language or in symbols? A47. If the recipient has text receiving facilities, the message will appear exactly as you sent it. However, if the message has to be converted to voice, the platform will try to spell it out, if possible. Q48. What if I send a text message using standard abbreviated words? British Telecommunications plc Page 7

8 A48. The message will appear exactly as you sent it. However, if the message has to be converted to voice, our system will have a pre-programmed text dictionary and will convert standard text abbreviations, e.g. CU L8R will be converted to See You Later. Q49. How do I configure my telephone to send and receive Fixed Line Text messages? A49. Refer to the instructions on your telephone user guide. 8. NUMBER WITHHELD Q50. Can I withhold my number when sending text messages? A50. No. If you want to text someone you will have to present your calling identity. Q51. I have number withheld all calls and want to be able to send text messages A51. The number withheld all calls is not compatible with Fixed Line Text messaging. If you want to send a text you will have to dial 1470 before each SMS text message call you make. The simplest way to do this will be to programme the Fixed Line Text service centre telephone number contained within your telephone with the pre-fix Remember that if you send a message, your telephone number will also be forwarded. If you do not release your telephone number you will not be able to send an SMS text message and you will receive a message telling you that your message has failed. Q52. I have Number Withheld all calls. If I choose to remove this facility to use the text service will my telephone number be forwarded? A52. Yes, you will have to be aware that if you use the text service that your telephone number will be forwarded to the person you are sending your text to. Q53. Can I bar my Fixed Line Text usage? A53. Yes, your handset may have a facility to bar text messages. Refer to your handset manufacturer for advice on how to do this. Alternatively, you can rent our call barring service and use the barring option RECEIVE Q54. I have received an electronic voice message which is for another member of my household. The message is personal and I would like to store the message to pass onto my friend/relative? A54. The message can be saved for up to 24 hours if it was received as a TTS outcall. To store these messages for longer you will need an answering facility such as BT Answer, 1571/Call Minder, or a messaging service provided by another supplier. Q55. Can I receive text even though I do not have a text phone? A55. Yes, where there is no text phone in the house, the message will be converted to speech and delivered as a voice message (TTS). You will be given the option to play the message, save the message or delete the message. If you do not make a selection the message will be played. Once the message has been played, it is deleted. Q56. How will I know when I receive a text? A56. Your telephone handset will alert you that a text has arrived. British Telecommunications plc Page 8

9 Q57. I have just received a text that was sent 3 days ago? A57. BT does not guarantee delivery of every message as BT is not responsible for the whole network associated with the text message. Q58. I had an SMS text message which was left on my answering machine, which was cut short. A58. SMS is, as it says, a Short Message System; messages are within a finite length of up to 160 characters of text in length using default GSM alphabet coding. Anything over this length will not be delivered. Q59. I do not want to receive text messages. A59. We cannot arrange for you to opt out of receiving text messages in the written form, only the speech converted ones. Q60. I want to receive text messages, however, I do not want to receive SMS text messages in an electronic voice message format. A60. We will always attempt to deliver a text message to you as a first choice once you have registered for the service. We will make repeated attempts to deliver your text message and only send you text messages in a speech format (TTS) if your Caller Display service had failed or your SMS handset was faulty. Q61. Will I receive text messages if I am busy on a call? A61. If you are busy on a call, attempts will be made to deliver the message at a later time. If you have a text enabled telephone then we will attempt to deliver the message to that otherwise we will deliver a voice message to any answering service you may have. Q62. I have received a call from an electronic voice. Unfortunately, I hung up before I listened to the whole message, can you retrieve it for me? A62. The platform will try twice to deliver messages that have been hung up. After this time you can retrieve the message yourself within 24 hours by dialling Q63. I have received an electronic voice message, which is unintelligible can you retrieve the message and play it back to me? A63. No, once the message is answered it is deemed to have been delivered, there is no facility to retrieve messages, unless they have been saved by selecting option 2. Q64. Can I divert my text messages to other telephone numbers? A64. Yes, if you divert your calls to another text enabled customer the text message will be directed to their text enabled service. If, however, you divert your calls to a non-text enabled telephone they will receive the message from a spoken voice, or into their network messaging service mailbox. Q65. Why does it take so long to send/receive a text compared to a mobile? A65. One of the facilities that we have, which may create a delay, is the re-try facility, which will try to contact you at a later time if you are busy on a call. There should be no difference in the time it takes to send/receive texts; the amount of time is dependent on how the message is delivered to its destination. Factors which decide the speed include the amount of routes between companies and the amount of routes the message has to go through to reach its final destination. British Telecommunications plc Page 9

10 Q66. How many times will you attempt to deliver a TTS message? A66. If your line is busy, we will try and deliver the message for two hours. If there is no reply from you or any answering machine/ service, we will continue to try and deliver the message for the next 12 hours. Q67. I have received a call from a number I do not recognise. A is the SMS text messaging service platform presentation number. You may also notice , this is the number presented by the TTS Voice Text outcall to your line. Q68. I have just received an electronic voice message I know nothing about. A68. You have received a text message which has been converted to a spoken voice. If the message is not for you, it may be that the caller has dialled the wrong number. 10. SAVING ELECTRONIC MESSAGES Q69. I have received an electronic voice message which I decided to save. How do I retrieve the message? A69. You must retrieve your message within 24 hours by dialling Q70. Why is there only 24 hours to retrieve the message? A70. The message storage is an additional facility provided by the text message service, it is in no way meant to be a full message storage service. If the text message service were to include a full message storage service then the costs would need to be included in the price of the text messaging service, these costs would be passed on to the customer, making the text message service less attractive to customers. If you want a full messaging service to save your text messages then BT or other service providers can provide you that service. Q71. Why is the call to retrieve the message not free and the delivery of the message to me is free? A71. It is correct that you receive the message free; you then have an option to listen to the message at the time you receive the message or put the message into storage and retrieve the message within 24 hours. There are costs associated with the storage and retrieval of the message and we think that it is fair to raise a charge for these costs. 11. NUISANCE TEXTS Q72. I am receiving junk texts what can I do about it? A72. You can call to listen to a pre-recorded self help message, available 24 hours a day, or to speak to an advisor. Q73. I have received an electronic message which contains swear words. A73. Our text message platform will convert English words in to speech and deliver them to you. Those words are a direct copy of the message that the person sending to you intended for you to receive and, therefore, we have not distorted or censored their message in any way. Q74. I keep receiving text messages in the middle of the night. A74. We have no control over when someone would wish to send you a text message, just the same as you receiving a telephone call at anytime. You could British Telecommunications plc Page 10

11 disable your message alert at night or disconnect your telephone to avoid the inconvenience. Q75. I have Choose to Refuse on my line, however, I am now receiving text messages from a line I have barred. A75. The Choose to Refuse service is only available to bar voice calls from individual telephone numbers. Text messages are delivered to you via a different network and you will only be able to bar all texts from the SMS network with your Choose to Refuse facility. (Please refer also to Q67, which refers to the calling line identity presented by the BT Fixed Line Text platform). 12. BILL Q76. What charges will appear on my bill? A76. You will be billed for each text sent. Q77. Where will the text calls appear on the bill? A77. They will appear under cost of calls under the heading Text. Q78. Why is there no itemisation/limited itemisation for my text calls which are made with my mobile company? A78. You can have itemisation if you want. Text calls above your set threshold will appear in the date and time order that you made the calls and be distinguished by the call type Text. 13. REPAIR Q79. I am on DACs (shared line); will I be able to receive texts? A79. SMS text messaging is only compatible with specific types of DACs equipment known as Mark 2. Q80. I am a TPON (fibre network)/line concentrator; will I be able to receive texts? A80. No, TPON/line concentrators are incompatible with text messaging. However, we will deliver the text messages to you in the form of a spoken voice message. TPON/line concentrators are a standard method of service provision we have no plans currently to replace this as a method of service. Text messaging is an enhancement to our network and we will investigate ways to provide TPON/line concentrators with the service. Q81. I have a Redcare alarm system can; will I be able to receive text messages? A81. No, however, we will deliver the text messages to you in the form of a spoken voice message. 14. COMPENSATION/REBATES Q82. Can I claim compensation for failed messages? A82. No. BT is not able to guarantee delivery of every message as BT is not responsible for the whole network associated with the text message. Q83. My text telephone is broken do I get a rebate for the service that I cannot use? British Telecommunications plc Page 11

12 A83. No. The text telephone is your responsibility, and you will need to get another text telephone to use on your line. You are not charged for the service, only for text messages sent. Q84. I sent a text to my friend and they say they never received the call are you going to recompense me for this? A84. BT is not responsible for the whole network associated with the text message call and we cannot guarantee delivery of every message. Q85. I have sent a text message, which has not been received, have I been charged for this? A85. BT does not guarantee delivery of every message, as BT is not responsible for the whole network associated with the text message. If another party has received your text message then we will raise charges for the call we have set up. Q86. I have moved into a house and I am getting bell tinkle, can you help? A86. If we find that there has been a text service at your address we will try to remove this or locate any other problem which is giving you bell tinkle. 15. MISCELLANEOUS Q87. How do I register for the BT Text service? A87. It's easy. Just send a text message from your home line and this automatically registers you for the service. To register, either send a text to a friend or type register and send to You can also text this number to test the line at any time. Q88. I have a cordless phone and my friends say that they sometimes do not receive text messages. A88. If you have a cordless phone you will have to check the physical limits of your telephone; if you go too far away from your base station, you may not be able to send text messages. Q89. Why do you not offer the facility of translating foreign messages? A89. Any text messages sent in a foreign language will appear in their original format if the recipient has text receiving facilities. However, if converted to voice, the message will not be delivered. Offering this facility would cause delays in transmitting messages as they would have to be translated. Additionally, it would add to the overall cost of the product and these charges would have to be passed onto our customers. There are no plans to introduce foreign translation of text messages to voice messages. Q90. Can I have text messages delivered to my Call Sign number? A90. As your Call Sign number is not your main number we cannot deliver text messages to it, however, we can deliver the message as a voice message. Q91. I am a text enabled customer and have been made OCB (Outgoing Calls Barred) for non-payment of my bill and can no longer use my text messaging facility, however, I am still receiving text messages. A91. This is correct, once you have been made OCB you will no longer be able to make outgoing calls, including text calls. You will, however, continue to receive text messages. British Telecommunications plc Page 12

13 Q92. My mailbox has been filled with TTS messages. A92. If the text messages are an inconvenience you could opt out of receiving them. Otherwise, delete these messages from your mailbox in the normal way. Q93. Can I save the text messages in my mailbox? A93. Yes, the messages can be saved in a mailbox. Q94. Why can t I receive the voice messages in Welsh/another language? A94. The SMS text service that provides the TTS facility does not have the capability to translate many different languages from TTS. In view of this, the decision was made that such messages should be in English only, and there are no plans at present to provide this service in Welsh or another language. Q95. I have opted for the Telephone Preference Service, why am I receiving unsolicited text messages from businesses? A95. The text message service is not included in the Telephone Preference Service; as yet we do not have an equivalent for the text service. Q96. I am a UXD5B customer. Is this facility available in my exchange? A96. Yes, the only difference you may experience is that your Caller Display facility will take two days to supply. Therefore, you will not be able to receive texts instantaneously. However, we will deliver your text messages via an electronic voice message until your Caller Display service is provided. Q97. What is the REN value of the handsets? A97. The REN value is 1. Q98. Can I use my PC/Apple Mac to send texts? A98. No, not via the BT platform, as once you are on-line you are not making a standard PSTN connection, which is how Fixed Line Text works. Q99. What is predictive text? A99. This is a feature on some phones which lets you write messages faster. On many new phones, simply press each key once for each letter and the phone will guess the words. You have to be in predictive text mode and it's best to look at the keys rather than the screen while you're typing. If you want to put in a name, a number or an unusual word, you can change modes and key it in the normal way. Not all phones do this, refer to the user guide. Q100. I am a CPS customer. Can I use Fixed Line Text? A100. Yes, you can. You will be billed by BT for the text messages. Q101. I use Indirect Access; will I be able to use Fixed Line Text? A101. Yes, you will. However, you have to come off your Indirect Access to use Fixed Line Text. Q102. I have opted out of the BT Voice Text service, but I am getting Voice Text messages from another company, T-Mobile. How do I stop them coming to me? A102. If you wish to opt out from receiving T-Mobile messages you will need to dial from the line that you wish to opt out. British Telecommunications plc Page 13

14 Q103. I had my phone on Call Diversion and now I only receive my incoming text messages as a voice message. How can I get the written messages again? A103. You need to re-register your SMS phone, type either the words register or reset and send it to 00000, this will return you a confirmation message in text to your phone. Messages to are not charged. Q104. How do I enable/disable the Voice Text feature with BT Text? A104. If you don't want to receive Voice Texts, type *1# and send to If you want to be able to receive Voice Texts, type #1# and send to Q105. I've got a text enabled phone, why can't I send and receive messages with BT Text? A105. Please check the Service Centre numbers programmed into your phone. These numbers enable you to send and receive text messages with BT Text. (See also Q30, which refers to the BT Fixed Line Text platform numbers). Q106. What equipment do I need to use BT Text? A106. To send text messages from your home phone, you will need a text enabled phone and an enabled telephone line. To view text messages on your text enabled phone, you will also need to subscribe to the BT Caller Display service. If you don't subscribe, you will receive text messages as voice messages. If you haven't registered for the service, you will also receive text messages as voice messages. Q107. How can I make sure my message is received as a Voice Text? A107. If you want to ensure that someone receives a spoken message, rather than a text message, type *3# at the start of the message. Q108. How can I make sure I receive all my messages as Voice Texts? A108. If you want to receive all your messages as Voice Texts type *2# and send to To undo this, type #2# and send to Q109. How do I request a delivery status report? A109. Type *0# at the start of your message and you'll receive a delivery status report. Q110. Can I use BT Text if I have a visual or hearing impairment? A110. BT Text offers a great way to communicate in both cases. Staying in touch by text message can be quick and convenient if you're hard of hearing, while spoken text messages can offer a great option if you are visually impaired. CHANGE CONTROL Issue Date Author Notes 1 Apr-2004 Wholesale Product Line First Issue 2 Nov-2010 Dawn Cattell Content review/update END OF DOCUMENT British Telecommunications plc Page 14