Reference Tables for Physical Setting/CHEMISTRY
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1 TE UNIVERSITY F TE STATE F NEW YRK TE STATE EDUATIN DEPARTMENT ALBANY, NY 34 Reference Tables for Physical Setting/EMISTRY Table A Standard Temperature and Pressure Edition Table D Selected Units Name Value Unit Standard Pressure.3 kpa kilopascal atm atmosphere Standard Temperature 73 K kelvin degree elsius Table B Physical onstants for Water eat of Fusion eat of Vaporization Specific eat apacity of ( Table Selected Prefixes Factor Prefix Symbol 3 kilo- k deci- d centi- c 3 milli- m 6 micro- μ 9 nano- n pico- p 334 J/g 6 J/g 4.8 J/g K Symbol Name Quantity m meter length g gram mass Pa pascal pressure K kelvin temperature mol J mole joule s second time min minute time h hour time d day time y year time amount of substance L liter volume energy, work, quantity of heat ppm parts per million concentration M molarity solution concentration u atomic mass unit atomic mass Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition
2 Table E Selected Polyatomic Ions Formula Name Formula Name 3 + hydronium r 4 chromate g + mercury(i r 7 dichromate N } N l ammonium acetate cyanide carbonate hydrogen carbonate oxalate hypochlorite Mn 4 N N 3 P 4 3 SN S 3 permanganate nitrite nitrate peroxide hydroxide phosphate thiocyanate sulfite l chlorite S 4 sulfate l 3 chlorate S 4 hydrogen sulfate l 4 perchlorate S 3 thiosulfate Table F Solubility Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions Ions That Form Soluble ompounds Group ions (Li +, Na +, etc. ammonium (N + 4 nitrate (N 3 acetate ( 3 or hydrogen carbonate ( 3 chlorate (l 3 halides (l, Br, I Exceptions when combined with Ag +, Pb +, or g + sulfates (S 4 when combined with Ag +, a +, Sr +, Ba +, or Pb + Ions That Form Insoluble ompounds* Exceptions carbonate ( 3 when combined with Group ions or ammonium (N + 4 chromate (r 4 when combined with Group ions, a +, Mg +, or ammonium (N + 4 phosphate (P 3 4 when combined with Group ions or ammonium (N + 4 sulfide (S when combined with Group ions or ammonium (N + 4 hydroxide ( when combined with Group ions, a +, Ba +, Sr +, or ammonium (N + 4 *compounds having very low solubility in Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition
3 5. 4. Table G Solubility urves at Standard Pressure KI NaN KN 3.. Solubility (g solute/. g l N 4 l Kl Kl 3 Nal N 3. S Temperature ( Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 3
4 Table Vapor Pressure of Four Liquids. propanone ethanol 5. water Vapor Pressure (kpa..3 kpa ethanoic acid Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 4
5 Table I eats of Reaction at.3 kpa and 98 K Reaction Δ (kj* 4 (g + (g (g + ( (g + 5 (g 3 (g + 4 ( ( + 5 (g 6 (g + 8 ( 943 ( + 3 (g (g + 4 ( 45 5 ( + 3 (g (g + 3 ( (s + 6 (g 6 (g + 6 ( 84 (g + (g (g 566. (s + (g (g Al(s + 3 (g Al 3 (s 335 N (g + (g N(g 8.6 N (g + (g N (g 6.4 (g + (g (g (g + (g ( 57.6 N (g + 3 (g N 3 (g 9.8 (s + 3 (g 6 (g 84. (s + (g 4 (g.4 (s + (g (g 7.4 (g + I (g I(g 3. KN 3 (s K + + N Na(s Na N 4 l(s N l 4.78 N 4 N 3 (s N N Nal(s Na + + l.88 LiBr(s Li + + Br ( 55.8 *The Δ values are based on molar quantities represented in the equations. A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction. Most Active Least Active Table J Activity Series** Metals Nonmetals Most Active Li F Rb l K Br s I Ba Sr a Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn r Fe o Ni Sn Pb u Ag Au **Activity Series is based on the hydrogen standard. is not a metal. Least Active Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 5
6 Table K ommon Acids Table N Selected Radioisotopes l Formula N N 3 S 3 S 4 3 P 4 3 or or 3 Name hydrochloric acid nitrous acid nitric acid sulfurous acid sulfuric acid phosphoric acid carbonic acid ethanoic acid (acetic acid Nuclide alf-life Decay Mode Nuclide Name 98 Au.695 d β gold y β carbon-4 37 a 8 ms β + calcium-37 6 o 5.7 y β cobalt-6 37 s 3. y β cesium Fe 8.5 min β + iron-53 Fr 7.4 s α francium- 3.3 y β hydrogen-3 3 I 8. d β iodine-3 37 K.3 s β + potassium-37 4 K.36 h β potassium-4 Table L ommon Bases 85 Kr.73 y β krypton-85 6 N 7.3 s β nitrogen-6 Formula Na K a( N 3 Name sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide calcium hydroxide aqueous ammonia 9 Ne 7. s β + neon-9 3 P 4.8 d β phosphorus-3 39 Pu.4 4 y α plutonium-39 6 Ra 599 y α radium-6 Rn 3.83 d α radon- 9 Sr 9. y β strontium-9 Table M ommon AcidBase Indicators Approximate Indicator p Range olor for olor hange hange methyl orange red to yellow bromthymol blue yellow to blue phenolphthalein 89 colorless to pink litmus red to blue bromcresol green yellow to blue thymol blue yellow to blue 99 Tc.3 5 y β technetium-99 3 Th.4 y α thorium-3 33 U.59 5 y α uranium U y α uranium U y α uranium-38 Source: R andbook of hemistry and Physics, 9 st ed.,, R Press Source: The Merck Index, 4 th ed., 6, Merck Publishing Group Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 6
7 Table Symbols Used in Nuclear hemistry Name Notation Symbol alpha particle 4 e or 4 α α beta particle e or β β gamma radiation γ γ neutron n n proton or p p positron e or β β+ Name General Examples Formula Name Structural Formula alkanes n n ethane alkenes n n ethene alkynes n n ethyne Table P rganic Prefixes Prefix meth- eth- prop- 3 but- 4 pent- 5 hex- 6 hept- 7 oct- 8 Number of arbon Atoms non- 9 dec- Table Q omologous Series of ydrocarbons Note: n = number of carbon atoms Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 7
8 Table R rganic Functional Groups lass of ompound Functional Group General Formula Example halide (halocarbon F (fluoro- l (chloro- Br (bromo- I (iodo- R X (X represents any halogen l -chloropropane alcohol R -propanol ether R R methyl ethyl ether aldehyde R propanal ketone R R -pentanone organic acid R propanoic acid ester R R methyl propanoate amine N R R N R N -propanamine amide N R R N N propanamide Note: R represents a bonded atom or group of atoms. Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 8
9 6.94 Li Na K Rb s (3 Fr Ra La (7 Ac Ti Zr f 7 *8-3-- (6 Rf V r Mo W Mn Fe o Ni u Ag Zn B Al Ga Si Ge Pb As Sb Se Te (9 Po F Br l ( At e.8 Ne Kr Xe ( Rn Sn P S l Ar Symbol Relative atomic masses are based Group on = (exact Group Atomic Number Note: Numbers in parentheses.8 4 are mass numbers of the most Electron onfiguration stable or common isotope. 9.8 Be Mg a Sr Ba ( Sc Y KEY Nb Ta (6 5 5 Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic Mass Db 6 (66 Sg (98 Tc Re (7 Bh 7 7 Group Ru s (77 s 8 Selected xidation States 9.96 Rh Ir (76 Mt Pd Pt Au (8Ds (8 Rg d g (85 n 4.88 In Tl (84 Uut 3** (89 Uuq N Bi (88 Uup (9 Uuh 6 (? Uus 7 8 (94 Uuo e Pr 44.4 Nd Th 3.36 Pa 38.9 U (45 Pm Sm Eu 63 (37Np (44 Pu (43 Am ( Gd m (47 Bk Tb 6.5 Dy o 67 (5f (5 Es ( Er 68 Fm Tm 69 (58 Md 73.4 Yb 7 (59 No Lu 7 (6 Lr 3 *denotes the presence of (-8- for elements 7 and above **The systematic names and symbols for elements of atomic numbers 3 and above will be used until the approval of trivial names by IUPA. Source: R andbook of hemistry and Physics, 9 st ed.,, R Press 9 Period Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition 9
10 Table S Properties of Selected Elements First Atomic Symbol Name Ionization Electro- Melting Boiling* Density** Atomic Number Energy negativity Point Point (g/cm 3 Radius (kj/mol (K (K (pm hydrogen e helium Li lithium Be beryllium B boron carbon N nitrogen oxygen F fluorine Ne neon Na sodium Mg magnesium Al aluminum Si silicon P phosphorus (white S sulfur (monoclinic l chlorine Ar argon K potassium a calcium Sc scandium Ti titanium V vanadium r chromium Mn manganese Fe iron o cobalt Ni nickel u copper Zn zinc Ga gallium Ge germanium As arsenic (gray Se selenium (gray Br bromine Kr krypton Rb rubidium Sr strontium Y yttrium Zr zirconium Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition
11 First Atomic Symbol Name Ionization Electro- Melting Boiling* Density** Atomic Number Energy negativity Point Point (g/cm 3 Radius (kj/mol (K (K (pm 4 Nb niobium Mo molybdenum Tc technetium Ru ruthenium Rh rhodium Pd palladium Ag silver d cadmium In indium Sn tin (white Sb antimony (gray Te tellurium I iodine Xe xenon s cesium Ba barium La lanthanum Elements 587 have been omitted. 7 f hafnium Ta tantalum W tungsten Re rhenium s osmium Ir iridium Pt platinum Au gold g mercury Tl thallium Pb lead Bi bismuth Po polonium At astatine Rn radon Fr francium Ra radium Ac actinium Elements 9 and above have been omitted. *boiling point at standard pressure **density of solids and liquids at room temperature and density of gases at 98 K and.3 kpa no data available Source: R andbook for hemistry and Physics, 9 st ed.,, R Press Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition
12 Table T Important Formulas and Equations d = density m Density d = m = mass V V = volume Mole alculations number of moles = given mass gram-formula mass measured value accepted value Percent Error % error = accepted value mass of part Percent omposition % composition by mass = mass of whole mass of solute parts per million = mass of solution oncentration molarity = moles of solute liter of solution ombined Gas Law P P = pressure V P = V V = volume T T T = temperature M A = molarity of + M B = molarity of Titration M A V A = M B V B V A = volume of acid V B = volume of base q = mδt q = heat f = heat of fusion eat q = m f m = mass v = heat of vaporization q = m v =specific heat capacity ΔT = change in temperature Temperature K = + 73 K = kelvin = degree elsius DET 69 ADU Reference Tables for Physical Setting/hemistry Edition
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