Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel. March 2013

Transcription

1 Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel March 2013

2 GTI s Current NGV RD&D Program is Robust > Vehicles and On-Board Storage Develop/demonstrate new engines and vehicles > Cummins ISX12 G and other high-efficiency, low-emission engines New vehicle platforms (e.g., heavy-duty hybrids) Components: NGV storage advances (CNG, LNG, ANG) and related fuel delivery devices > Infrastructure Demonstrate and deploy new products and stations Components: new compressors, dispensing, fuel quality, small fleet and home fueling New solutions to reduce cost, position gas industry Cummins ISX 12 G Advanced Storage Navistar MaxxForce Infrastructure Advancements 2

3 INDUSTRY-LEADING NGV ENGINE Cummins ISX12 G > Critical next-generation NGV engine is a major new product in market Nearing culmination of over three-year, multi-million development GTI played key role in securing $3 million in government and industry funding Program managed by GTI, continuation of over 25-year relationship with Cummins and CWI Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) Engine Profile > 11.9L displacement > 400 hp / 1450 ft-lb rating > Spark ignited; stoichiometric with cooled EGR > Out-perform strict CARB emission standards > Maintenance-free after treatment > LNG / CNG / biomethane capable > Commercially available > 400 hp for larger vehicles Perfect fit for heavy-duty trucks refuse collection, concrete mixers, regional haulers Fills out product line above highly successful, world-leading ISL-G (8.9L) sold worldwide 3

4 CWI ISX12 G Field Test Trucks 4

5 CWI 6.7L Ultra-Low Emission Medium-Duty Natural Gas Engine New GTI Project > Recently announced $1 million award on RD&D project to support Cummins Westport in the development of a 6.7-liter dedicated natural gas engine Benefits/Value > Perfect fit for school bus, package delivery, class 5-7 trucks > Fills out product line below ISL-G (8.9L) sold worldwide and new 11.9 liter engine Goals and Targets > 260 hp / 660 ft-lb rating > Spark ignited; stoichiometric with cooled EGR > Out-perform strict CARB 2013 emission standards > Maintenance-free aftertreatment > CNG / LNG / biomethane capable > Commercial launch targeted for early

6 Advanced Heavy-Duty Vehicle Pre-Commercial Demonstrations Clean Air Power (CAP)/Volvo 13-Liter Engine Demo > Demonstrate12 Class 8 Tractors for goods movement Dual fuel compression ignition, 430hp 1550 lb-ft torque US Hybrid Demo > Demonstrate hybrid truck transport of cargo from ports 3 on-road drayage trucks CWI 8.9 ISLG + 320kW motor drive + 100kW Li-ion battery pack > Partners: US Hybrid, Freightliner, UC Riverside, Calko Transport, SoCal Gas 6

7 Low-Cost and Scalable CNG Cylinder > Assisted HyPerComp Engineering Inc. in product development and certification stages of: Type 4 all-composite cylinder Scalable design 13 to 15, 17, and 7 gge Targeting a market introduction price at $115 per gge 3 rd -party certification testing completed > Helped lead to collaboration by 3M and Chesapeake JV 7

8 Advanced Storage Solutions > Develop advanced solid-state storage technology Proprietary program with industrial partner Metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents > Several additional efforts targeting CNG storage Including non-destructive evaluation techniques 8

9 Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) System for Light-Duty Vehicles Design and demonstrate a 10GGE commercial prototype Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) system that integrates the three essential features: novel sorbent materials, an active thermal management system, and a conformable Smart Tank. Due to the inherent non-linearities in the scale-up of gas flow in porous solids, heat conduction in packed beds, and stress distributions in tanks, a integrated systems approach that focuses on a full-scale prototype is essential to ensure correct design trade-offs among the critical components, going beyond ARPA-E requirements. Key Personnel > GTI (Prime): Overall PM, MOF adsorption isotherms testing, poisoning limitations, thermal management and system integration, and full-scale system testing > Argonne: Thermal modeling, POP material investigation > NW University/ NuMat: MOF screening, performance modeling, small-scale synthesis Technology Impact Project targets 9.2 MJ/l volumetric capacity at 35 bar 250 bar) and 12 MJ/kg gravimetric density (2 x s all steel tank) in a tank with a 90% conformability factor using a $10/kg material ($500 per 10GGE material cost). Achieving these goals should yield a 5 year payback for personal car. Similar range at reduced cost and lower operating pressure will dramatically improve the market adoption rate of NGVs. Challenges: Material identification, cost-effective synthesis, heat management design, poisoning of bed, tank conformability/cost tradeoffs, manufacturability of MOF-tank system, durability & longevity unknowns. TRL-3 to TRL-6 w/ working prototype system at full-scale. 9

10 Strategies to Shift Gas Industry Practices and Cost-Effectively Grow the NGV Market Goal: Achieve major impact on long-term NGV infrastructure investment by aligning utility operations and NGV fueling station needs to efficiently deploy capital. Address regulatory barriers. 1. Maintain high-pressure gas service downstream of city gate (bypass gate stations and take advantage of sunk cost in pipeline compression capacity). 2. Move micro/mini storage into LDC operations to supply NGV stations and integrate into utility peak demand management solution set. 3. Integrate LNG storage operations into vehicle fueling operations. 10

11 Fueling Infrastructure > USDOE Clean Cities Program $15 million program awarded to City of Chicago, managed by GTI One of 25 Clean Cities awards Leveraging another $25 million in cost share > Major expansion of alternative fueling infrastructure 16 fleets resulting in 16 CNG shared-access stations (public and private) 100+ EV chargers 230 NGVs and ~400 hybrids Waste Management and Groot refuse trucks CNG green taxi program at O Hare International Airport 11

12 Lake Michigan Corridor Alternative Fuel Implementation Initiative > Another DOE Clean Cities initiative with GTI as project lead > Includes southeastern Wisconsin, greater Chicago and northern Indiana > Make existing municipal fueling stations available to other fleets > Create vehicle conversion inspection criteria > Train and educate fuel retailers, first responders, vehicle mechanics, code officials, measurement agencies and fleet operators 12

13 NGV Station Modeling and Software Tools > GTI has developed several NGV software tools CASCADE software for NGV station sizing AccuFill dispenser filling algorithm, licensed to several manufacturers CHARGE model for cylinder filling 13

14 Compressed Gas Vehicle Fuel Dispensers > Dispenser design > Dispenser performance Fill time Fill level (i.e., % of full fill) > Including GTI-developed AccuFill technology > Safety and certification Weights and measure Compliance with industry standards 14

15 GTI AccuFill Algorithm > GTI developed and patented technology to address CNG temperature rise during mid-1990s helps compensate for heating effects, providing more complete and consistent fill performance over wide range of ambient conditions > Technology licensed to several worldwide manufacturers > Extended to hydrogen dispensers in mid-2000s; also applicable to ANG 15

16 Fast-Fill Empirical Testing 16

17 Mobile NGV Fleet Fueling > Working with Ultimate CNG on Fuel Mule product > GTI-designed mobile CNG fueling Total delivery capacity of 650 DGE (diesel gallon equivalent) Fuel vehicles per 8 DGE/min > Various uses: starter station, temporary use, remote vehicles, others > System can be replenished off peak, enhances central station daily demand 17

18 Home Fueling Development > Working with natural gas industry and other stakeholders > Assess worldwide options > Target features scfm (0.4-1 gallon/hour) 120 VAC, <15 amp feet Indoor/outdoor location Over 4000 hour service interval <$

19 Single-Piston, Four-Stage Linear Motor Compressor for Home Fueling > Free Piston Linear Motor Compressor (FPLMC) eliminates all but one moving part to improve durability and compressor system efficiency, while significantly decreasing overall system cost, installation, and maintenance for natural gas home refueling appliances > 4-stages of compression, ¼ psig to over 3,600 psig, flow rate of over 2 scfm (1 GGE per hour). 1,600 W motor load, 120 VAC, less than 20 amp demand 19

20 Single-Piston, Four-Stage Linear Motor Compressor for Home Fueling Key Partners > UT-CEM: Linear Motor design > GTI: Compressor and heat management designs > Argonne National Lab: Near-frictionless surface treatment and sealing technologies Technology Impact > Combines the functions of the compressor and motor into one device > Uses a single moving part, thus eliminating inefficiencies inherent in converting rotary motion into linear motion > Fewer wearing components, reduced parasitic friction, increased durability, reliability, and reduced maintenance > Decreased number of parts, allows for ease of manufacturing and reduced initial investment > Challenges: Cooling of windings and gas, non-lube sealing surfaces, overall heat management scheme > Conclude with working prototype achieving 1,000 hour test at scale in 30 months (TRL-3 to TRL-7) 20

21 Small-Scale Liquefaction Plant (Pipeline Gas, Australia) > 32,000 LNG gallon/day (50 MTPD) plant supplying LNG for large truck fleets in Tasmania, Australia region Uses GTI-licensed liquefaction technology > Producing remote LNG from pipeline natural gas Used for remote vehicles operated by forest products industry to substantially reduce diesel fuel use 21

22 Small-Scale Liquefaction Plant (Landfill Gas, USA) > World s largest landfill gas to LNG facility (Linde-Waste Management) > Altamont Landfill in California > 13,000 LNG gallons per day (32 MTPD) > Includes GTIlicensed liquefaction technology 22

23 Research Opportunities > GTI has a host of research projects that are open to the industry for participation and investment. Outsource all or part of your R&D activity to leverage your technology investment and choose from a menu of business arrangements. For More Information Tony Lindsay GTI R&D Director, End Use Solutions tony.lindsay@gastechnology.org 23