Lower Cre ta ceous ex otic in tra plate ba sal toid ol is to lith from Bia³a Woda, Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, Po land: geo chem is try and prove nance 3

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1 STU DIA GEO LOGICA PO LO NICA Vol. 131, Kraków 2008, pp Ge ol ogy of the Pi en iny Klip pen Belt and the Ta tra Mts, Carpathians Ed ited by K. Birkenmajer Part XIX Krzysz tof BIRK EN MA JER 1 & Marek W. LO RENC 2 Lower Cre ta ceous ex otic in tra plate ba sal toid ol is to lith from Bia³a Woda, Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, Po land: geo chem is try and prove nance 3 (Figs 1 8, Tab. 1) Abstract. Geo chemi cal analy sis of a ba sal tic ol is to lith, K-Ar dated at Lower Cre ta ceous, which oc curs in Up per Cre ta ceous con glom er ates (Jar muta Formation) of the Pieniny Klippen Belt of Po land, points to tra chy ba salt field of in tra plate ba saltoids. The olistolith most probably derived from a vol canic struc ture lo cated on the Czorsz tyn Ridge a litho spheric splin ter of the North Euro pean Plat form which, dur ing Ju ras sic Early Cre ta ceus, bor dered the Pi en iny Klip pen Belt Ba sin from the north. Key words: Lower Cre ta ceous, in tra plate ba sal toid, ol is to lith, Pi en iny Klip pen Belt, Car pa thi ans. GEO LOGI CAL SET TING AND AGE OF BA SAL TIC ROCK A unique ba sal tic ex po sure oc curs at Bia³a Woda in the Pi en iny Klip pen Belt of Po land (West Car pa thi ans). It forms a small klippe up to 3.5 m high and c. 7 8 m in hori zon tal plane Figs 1 4. Since its dis cov ery by Hor witz (1926), it was gen er - ally treated as a small Ter ti ary in tru sion (e.g., Birk en ma jer, 1954, 1958a, b, 1963, 1979). This seemed to be in agree ment with re sults of mag ne to met ric sur veys per - formed in the area of Bia³a Woda by Ma³oszewski (1968). How ever, pa laeo mag - netic in ves ti ga tion (Birk en ma jer & Nairn, 1969) failed to sup port this. 1 Mail ing ad dress: In sti tute of Geo logi cal Sci ences, Cra cow Re search Cen tre, Pol ish Acad emy of Sci ences, ul. Senacka 1, Kraków, Po land. E- mail: ndbirken@cyf- kr.edu.pl 2 In sti tute of Land scape Ar chi tec ture, Wroc³aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grun waldzki 24a, Wroc³aw, Po land. E- mail: marek.lo renc@up.wroc.pl 3 Manu script ac cepted for pub li ca tion July 7, 2008.

2 238 K. BIRKENMAJER & M. W. LORENC Fig. 1. Lo ca tion of the Early Cre ta ceous basaltoid olistolith (B) aganist struc tural el e ments of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Po land. 1 Mid dle Mio cene faults; 2 Middle Miocene andesite intrusions; 3 fresh-wa ter Neo gene de pos its; 4 Podhale Palaeogene flysch (autochthonous) and Podhale-type Palaeogene in the Pieniny Klippen Belt; 5 Magura Nappe (Cre ta ceous Palaeogene flysch de pos its) and autochthonous up per most Cre ta ceous Palaeogene de pos its in the Pieniny Klippen Belt; 6, 7 Grajcarek Unit (6 Up per Cre ta ceous de pos its; 7 Jurassic Lower Cretaceous deposits); 8 13 Klippen tec tonic units, Me so zoic (8 Czorsztyn Unit; 9 Czertezik Unit; 10 Niedzica Nappe; 11 Branisko Nappe; 12 Pieniny Nappe; 13 Haligovce Nappe) It was Ra bowski (in Hor witz & Ra bowski, 1929, pp. 38, 48) who first sug gested that the ba salt rep re sents a block in the sur round ing Jar muta con glom er ate. Ra - dio met ric dat ing by M. M. Arakely ants (re ported by T. Wie ser in 1987 see Birk - en ma jer & Wie ser, 1990, foot note, p. 49; Birk en ma jer, 1996, p. 22; Birk en ma jer & Pécskay, 2000, p. 28), yielded an Early Cre ta ceous 140±8 Ma K-Ar date close to the Ju ras sic/cre ta ceous bound ary. Two more ra dio met ric dat ings, ob tained from both columnar- jointed and platy- jointed parts of the ba sal tic rock, yielded 110.6± 4.2 and 120.3±4.5 Ma Early Cre ta ceous (Ap tian Al bian) K-Ar ages, re spec tively. This was a good con fir ma tion of Ra bowski s view that we deal here with a large block in con glom er ates of the Jar muta For ma tion. PETROGRAPHY AND GEOCHEMISTRY Pre vi ous stud ies. In thin plates from the ba sal tic rock, Ka mieñski (1931) rec og - nized phe no crysts of or tho clase and pla gio clase, py rox ene (di op si dic augite), bio - tite, am phi bole (ba sal tic horn blende), moreo ver Fe- oxides and apa tite. Calcite-

3 BASALTOID OLISTOLITH FROM BIA A WODA 239 Fig. 2. Lo ca tion of the basaltoid olistolith at Bia³a Woda, Pieniny Klippen Belt of Po land (ge ol ogy af ter Birkenmajer, 1979, sim pli fied). 1 Qua ter nary cover; 2 basaltoid olistolith; 3 Magura Palaeogene; 4, 5 Grajcarek Unit (4 Jarmuta Fm. and Malinowa Shale Fm.; 5 Ju ras sic Lower Cre ta ceous de pos its); 6 Czorsztyn Unit; 7 Niedzica Nappe; 8 Branisko Nappe; 9 faults; 10 Ter tiary overthrusts; 11 Late Cre ta ceous overthrusts filled oli vine pseu do morphs were also found. Chlo rite and cal cite were the main secondary minerals. Present studies. The ba sal tic rock is very fine- crystalline, dark- grey to black if fresh, de void of flui dal struc ture. Small vesi cles, mm in di ame ter, are usu - ally filled with cal cite: lo cally they form an amyg da loi dal struc ture. Two ba saltic rock sam ples were ana lysed: sam ple Ebwb-1 was taken from the platy-jointed part of the ba saltic ex po sure (orig i nally, prob a bly a lava flow), and sam ple Ebwb-2 from the co lum nar-jointed one (orig i nally, prob a bly a plug-type in tru sion). Groundmass of both sam ples is sim i lar, con sist ing of very fine plagioclase and pyroxene. Strong al ter ation of these min er als pre clude their more pre cise de ter mi na tion. Chloritized glass and nu mer ous grains of opaque min er als, mainly iron-ox ides, form the ma trix.

4 240 K. BIRKENMAJER & M. W. LORENC Fig. 3. Po si tion of the Bia³a Woda basaltoid olistolith in geo log i cal cross-sec tion (ge ol ogy af ter Birkenmajer, 1963, pl. XXIII, fig. 3, mod i fied; see also Birkenmajer & Wieser, 1990, fig. 3A, mod i fied). Czorsztyn Suc ces sion: 1 Skrzypny Shale Fm. (Aalenian Bajocian); 2 Smolegowa Lime stone Fm. (Bajocian); 3 Krupianka Lime stone Fm. (Bajocian Bathonian); 4 Czorsztyn Lime stone Fm. (Callovian Lower Tithonian); 5 Dursztyn Lime stone Fm. (Tithonian Berriasian). Niedzica Suc ces sion: 6 Kapuœnica Fm. (?Barremian Albian); 7 Jaworki Fm. (Up per Albian Santonian); 8 Sromowce Fm. (Santonian Campanian). Grajcarek Suc ces sion: 9 Szlachtowa Fm. (Toarcian Aalenian); 10 Malinowa Shale Fm. (Cenomanian Campanian); 11a, b Jarmuta Fm. (Maastrichtian: 11a ex otic-bear ing con glom er ate; 11b flysch de pos its; B basaltoid olistolith). Qua ter nary cover: 12 talus Fig. 4. Basaltoid olistolith block at Bia³a Woda (af ter Birkenmajer, 1958a). C co lum nar-jointed; P platy-jointed; strikes and dips de note tilts of ther mal joint ing

5 BASALTOID OLISTOLITH FROM BIA A WODA 241 Fig. 5. Ex po sure of basaltoid olistolith ( klippe ) at Bia³a Woda (phot. L. Chudzikiewicz) Sample Ebwb-1 rep re sents a nearly ho mog e nous vol ca nic rock al most de void of pheno crysts: the lat ter, if pres ent, are slightly larger than the groundmass, and rep re sent a thor oughly sericitized plagioclase. Sec ond ary cal cite is very common. Sample Ebwb-2 shows the pres ence of sin gle pheno crysts, less than 1 mm in size, orig i nally rep re sent ing some mafic min er als: pres ently, they are en tirely chloritized. Groundmass of this sam ple is slightly coarser than that of sam ple Ebwb-1. Results. Min eral com po si tion of both sam ples, and con tents and ra tios of their im mo bile trace el e ments (Tab. 1), point to the trachybasalt field (Fig. 6). In the TAS diagramme (Fig. 7) both sam ples plot in the basanite field, how ever their min eral com po si tion does not sup port this. Dis crim i na tion di a gram, based upon con tents of the ra tios Zr/Y vs Ti/Y (Fig. 8) clearly shows that our rocks are typ i cal within-plate basaltoids. EARLY CRETACEOUS VOLCANISM IN THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT AND ITS VI CIN ITY Hightatric units. Manifestations of Early Cretaceous volcanism are known from nu mer ous sites in the In ner West Carpathians (see re view by Mišík, 1992).

6 242 K. BIRKENMAJER & M. W. LORENC Chem i cal com po si tion of the intraplate ba saltic olistolith from Bia³a Woda, Pieniny Klippen Belt (Po land) Cour tesy of Dr Jacek Grabowski, Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute, Warszawa Table 1 Ebwb-1 Ebwb-2 Ebwb-1 Ebwb-2 % ppm SiO Hf 9 7 TiO La Al 2O Mo Fe 2O Nb MnO Ni MgO Pb 3 3 CaO Rb Na 2O Sr K 2O Ta 9 10 P 2O Th 7 7 LOI U SUM V ppm W 5 5 As 11 8 Y Ba Zn Bi 3 3 Zr Ce Ti Co Ti/Y Cr Zr/Y Cu R Ga R Close to the Pieniny Klippen Belt, they are as so ci ated mainly with the Hightatric units sensu lato: (1) At Osobita Mount, West ern Tatra Mts, limburgite lavas (and hyalobasanites) are as so ci ated with lime stones con tain ing brachi o pods Pygope diphya (Col.). They were at trib uted by Kotañski & Radwañski (1959) to Mid dle Tithonian, by Lefeld (in Lefeld et al., 1985, pp , fig. 12) to the Sobótka Lime stone Mem - ber (Tithonian) of the Raptawicka Turnia Lime stone For ma tion (Callovian Hauterivian), and by Mišík (1992, p. 53) to the Berriasian; (2) In the Mid dle Váh River Val ley (Stra ovské vrchy Mts, West ern Slovakia) Barremian Aptian volcanics oc cur in klippes of the Manín Unit (s.s.) (e.g., Mišík, 1992, p. 53) an other Hightatric-type unit. Pieniny Klippen Belt Ba sin. In the Pieniny Klippen Belt, which sep a rates the In ner from the Outer Carpathians, ex pres sions of the Early Cre ta ceous vol ca nism are known from: (1) The Transcarpathian Ukraine near Novoselica. In ex po sures at Bolshoy

7 BASALTOID OLISTOLITH FROM BIA A WODA 243 Fig. 6. Plot of the Bia³a Woda olistolith sam ples in the R 1-R 2 clas si fi ca tion diagramme of de la Roche et al. (1980) Kamenec (Velyky Kamenets), ba sic rocks (K-diabases, amygdaloids and ag glom - er ates) as so ci ated with Tithonian lime stones (main part of the so-called Neresnica mar ble ) were rec og nized in rock sec tions at trib ut able to the Czorsztyn Suc - ces sion (Andrusov, 1945, pp ; Mišík, 1992, p. 51). This part of the Neresnica mar ble is of Berriasian Valanginian age (Mišík, 1992, p. 51). Krobicki et al. (2008) in cluded these volcanics, and the ones ex posed in the nearby Vulchovchyk brook, to al kali bas alts in di cat ing a within-plate tec tonic en vi ron ment of the volcanism. (2) Pieniny Klippen Belt of Po land, east ern part. At Bia³a Woda, the Early Cre - ta ceous (Aptian Albian) intraplate vol ca nic event is rep re sented by basaltoid olistolith block in ma rine Maastrichtian con glom er ate (Jarmuta For ma tion) of the Grajcarek Unit (see pre vi ous chap ters). Its large size sug gests der i va tion from ma - rine cliff built up of rocks of the Czorsztyn Ridge (cf. Birkenmajer, 1970), the Lower Cre ta ceous volcanics in clu sively. The vol ca nism was there sub se quent to Neocimmerian (Birkenmajer, 1983c, 1963) dis in te gra tion by sub ma rine fault ing of a splin ter of the North Eu ro pean Plat form the Czorsztyn Ridge and its south ern sub ma rine slope (Birkenmajer 1986a, b, 1988). CONCLUSIONS (1) The basaltoid olistolith from the Maastrichtian con glom er ate (Jarmuta For - ma tion) in the Grajcarek Unit at Bia³a Woda is an ev i dence of Early Cre ta ceous (Aptian Albian) intraplate vol ca nic ac tiv ity within the Czorsztyn Ridge. (2) The Early Cre ta ceous vol ca nism along the north ern mar gin of the Pieniny

8 244 K. BIRKENMAJER & M. W. LORENC Fig. 7. Plot of the Bia³a Woda olistolith sam ples in the TAS clasification diagramme Klippen Ba sin, as so ci ated di rectly (Transcarpathian Ukraine) or in di rectly (Bia³a Woda) with the Czorsztyn Suc ces sion de pos its, was re lated to dis in te gra tion by ten sional deep-seated grav ity fault ing of the Czorsztyn Ridge crustal splin ter that re leased mantle-derived magma. (3) The Early Cre ta ceous (Aptian Albian) ten sional event ter mi nated the Neocimmerian ep och of up lift and frag men ta tion by grav ity fault ing of intra-oce - anic ridges in north ern part of the Tethys. Fig. 8. Plot of the Bia³a Woda olistolith sam ples in the clas si fi ca tion diagramme of Pearce and Gale (1977)

9 BASALTOID OLISTOLITH FROM BIA A WODA 245 (4) The Early Cre ta ceous intraplate vol ca nism in the Czorsztyn Suc ces sion/ Ridge area died-out at the north ern mar gin of the Pieniny Klippen Belt Ba sin, ap - prox i mately at the same time (Aptian Albian) as the subduction-re lated vol ca nism had started along the south ern mar gin of the Ba sin, fol low ing its subduction un der the Ex otic Andrusov Ridge. Acknowledgements Dr Jacek Grabowski (Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute, Warszawa) most kindly pro vided us with chem i cal anal y sis (Tab. 1) of the ba saltic olistolith from Bia³a Woda. REFERENCES Andrusov, D., Geologicky vyskum vnútorného bradlového pásma v zapadnych Karpatoch. IV. & V: Stratigrafia doggeru, malmu a kriedy. Práce Štatného Geologického Ústavu ÈSR, (Bratislava), 13: 176 pp. Birkenmajer, K., O wieku tzw. margli puchowskich w Pieninach na tle stratygrafii os³ony pieniñskiego pasa ska³kowego (On the age of the so-called Púchov marls in the Pieniny, Cen tral Carpathians, and stra tig ra phy of the Pieniny Klippen-belt man tle). Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego (Warszawa), 88: 79 pp. Birkenmajer, K., 1958a. Nowe dane o geologii ska³ magmowych okolic Szczawnicy (New con tri - bu tions to the ge ol ogy of mag matic rocks of the Szczawnica area within the Pieniny Klippen Belt). Prace Muzeum Ziemi (Warszawa), 1: Birkenmajer, K., 1958b. Przewodnik geologiczny po pieniñskim pasie ska³kowym, cz. I-IV (Pieniny Klippen Belt of Po land, Geo log i cal guide, Pts I-IV in Pol ish). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa. Birkenmajer, K., 1958c. Sub ma rine ero sional breaks and Late Ju ras sic synorogenic move ments in the Pieniny Klippen Belt geosyncline. Bul le tin de l Académie Po lo naise des Sci ences, chim., géol., géogr., 6 (8): Birkenmajer, K., Stratygrafia i paleogeografia serii czorsztyñskiej pieniñskiego pasa ska³kowego Polski (Stra tig ra phy and palaeo ge ogra phy of the Czorsztyn Se ries, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, in Po land). Studia Geologica Polonica, 9: 380 pp. Birkenmajer, K., Przedeoceñskie struktury fa³dowe w pieniñskim pasie ska³kowym Polski (Pre-Eocene fold struc tures in the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, of Po land). Studia Geologica Polonica, 31: 77 pp. Birkenmajer, K., Ju ras sic and Cre ta ceous lithostratigraphic units of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Po land. Studia Geologica Polonica, 45: 158 pp. Birkenmajer, K., Przewodnik geologiczny po pieniñskim pasie ska³kowym (Pieniny Klippen Belt of Po land, Geo log i cal Guide in Pol ish). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa: 236 pp. Birkenmajer, K., 1986a. Stages of struc tural evo lu tion of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 88: Birkenmajer, K., 1986b. Zarys ewolucji geologicznej pieniñskiego pasa ska³kowego (Out line of geo - log i cal evo lu tion of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians). Przegl¹d Geologiczny (Warszawa), 6 (398): Birkenmajer, K., Ex otic Andrusov Ridge: its role in plate-tec tonic evo lu tion of the West Carpathian Foldbelt. Studia Geologica Polonica, 91: Birkenmajer, K., Mioceñskie intruzje andezytowe rejonu Pienin: ich formy geologiczne i rozmieszczenie w œwietle badañ geologiczych i magnetycznych (Mio cene an de site in tru sions of the Pieniny Mts area: their geo log i cal forms and dis tri bu tion in the light of geo log i cal and magnetometric sur veys in Pol ish). Geologia (Kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, Kraków), 22 (1): Birkenmajer, K. & Nairn, A. E. M., Palaeomagnetic stud ies of Pol ish rocks. III. Neo gene

10 246 K. BIRKENMAJER & M. W. LORENC ig ne ous rocks of the Pieniny Moun tains, Carpathians. Annales de la Société Géologique de Pologne, 38: Birkenmajer, K. & Pécskay, Z., Early Cre ta ceous K-Ar age of a large ba salt olistolith at Bia³a Woda, Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians, Po land. Studia Geologica Polonica, 117: Birkenmajer, K. & Wieser, T., Okruchy ska³ egzotycznych z osadów górnej kredy pieniñskiego pasa ska³kowego okolic Jaworek (Ex otic rock frag ments from Up per Cre ta ceous de pos its near Jaworki, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Po land). Studia Geologica Polonica, 97: Horwitz, L., Sprawozdanie z badañ wykonanych w r na ark. Szczawnica i Nowy Targ (C.=R. des recherches géologiques éxecutées en 1925 sur le territoire des feuilles Szczawnica et Nowy Targ ). Posiedzenia Naukowe Pañstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego (Warszawa), 14: Horwitz, L. & Rabowski, F., Przewodnik do wycieczki Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego w Pieniny, V 1929 (Ex cur sion dans les Piénines, Karpates po lo naises, de la Société Géologique de Pologne, V 1929, Guide). Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego (Annales de la Société Géologioque de Pologne), 6: 49 pp. (odbitka extrait). Kamieñski, M., Nowe przyczynki do znajomoœci pieniñskich ska³ magmowych (Nouvelles con tri bu tions la connaissance des roches éruptives de Piénines). Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego (Annales de la Société Géologique de Pologne), 7: Kotañski, Z. & Radwañski, A., Fauna z Pygope diphya i limburgity w tytonie wierchowym Osobitej (High-Tatric Tithonian in the Osobita re gion, its fauna with Pygope diphya and prod ucts of the vol ca noes, West ern Tatra Mts). Acta Geologica Polonica, 9 (4): Krobicki, M., Oszczypko, N., Salata, D. & Golonka, J., Intra-plate al ka line vol ca nism in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (East ern Carpathians, Ukraine). 6th Meet ing of the Cen tral Eu ro pean Tec tonic Stud ies Group (CEETeG) & 13th Meet ing of the Czech Tec tonic Stud ies Group (ÈTS), Pro ceed ings and Ex cur sion Guide, Németh, Z. & Plašienka, D. (eds). State Geo log i cal In sti tute of Dionyz Stur (Bratislava): Lefeld, J., GaŸdzicki, A., Iwanow, A., Krajewski, K. & Wójcik, K., Ju ras sic and Cre ta ceous lithostratigraphic units of the Tatra Moun tains. Studia Geologica Polonica, 84: 93 pp. Ma³oszewski, S., Geneza ska³ki bazaltowej w Pieninach polskich (Bia³a Woda) na tle anomalii magnetycznych (Or i gin of the ba saltic klippe in the Pol ish Pieniny Mts, Bia³a Woda, re la tion to mag netic anom a lies in Pol ish). Sprawozdania z Posiedzeñ Komisji Oddzia³u PAN (Kraków), Komisja Nauk Geologicznych, I-VI 1967, 11: Mišík, M., Pieniny Klippen Belt in re la tion ship with Me so zoic and Ter tiary vol ca nism. Západné Karpaty, geológia (Bratislava), 16: Pearce, J. A. & Gale, G. H., Iden ti fi ca tion of ore de po si tion en vi ron ment from trace el e ment geo chem is try of as so ci ated ig ne ous host rocks. Geological Society (Lon don), Special Publication, 7: Roche, de la, H., Letterier, J., Grandclaude, P. & Marchal, M., A clas si fi ca tion of vol ca nic and plutonic rocks us ing R1R2-di a gram and mayor el e ment anal y sis its re la tion ships with cur rent no men cla ture. Chem i cal Ge ol ogy, 29: