Auditory-Visual Infant Directed Speech in Japanese and English

Transcription

1 Adtory-Vsl Infnt Drected Speech n Jpnese nd Englsh Tkk Shoch 1 Kor Sekym 1, Ncole Lees 2, Mrk Boyce 2, Rolnd Göcke 3, Dens Brnhm 2 1 Dvson of Cogntve Psychology, Kmmoto Unversty, Jpn 2 MARCS, Unversty of Western Sydney, Astrl 3 HCC Lb, Fclty of Informton Scences & Engneerng, Unversty of Cnberr, Astrl shoch38@gml.com, sekym@kmmoto-.c.jp, {n.lees, m.boyce, d.brnhm}@ws.ed., rolnd.goecke@eee.org Abstrct The m of ths project s to compre () the costc vs. vsl chrcterstcs of nfnt-drected speech (IDS), () IDS vs dlt-drected speech (ADS), nd () the costc/vsl chrcterstcs of IDS nd ADS cross-lngstclly, n Astrln Englsh (AsE) vs Jpnese. Acostc dt re presented long wth prelmnry vsl dt. Ntve AsE nd Jpnese spekng mothers spoke to ther 4- to 9-month-old nfnts nd nother dlt sng trget words contnng one of for vowels [,,,o]. Reslts show hgher F 0 men nd greter F 0 vrton for IDS thn ADS n both lngge grops, nd longer vowel drton n IDS thn ADS bt ths ws only sgnfcntly so for the AsE mothers. Fnlly, there ws tendency for vowel hyper-rtclton n AsE mothers IDS, bt for vowel hypo-rtclton n Jpnese mothers IDS, nd overll vowel hyperrtclton ws greter n AsE thn Jpnese IDS. Prelmnry vsl dt sggest tht there ppers to be, contrry to wht wold be expected, sbstntl decrement n vsl vowel lp re n Jpnese IDS compred to ADS, fndng tht s n concert wth tendency for vowel hypo-rtclton n Jpnese thn Englsh IDS. Index Terms: Infnt Drected Speech, Adlt Drected Speech, hyper rtclton, cross cltrl comprson 1. Introdcton Compred wth ADS, IDS hs () hgher men fndmentl freqency ( F 0 ) [1,2] () greter vrton of F 0 rnge [3,4] () longer syllble drton [5], (v) greter rted ffect n the voce [6], nd (v) hyperrtclton of vowels [1,7] nd hyperrtclton of lexcl tones [8]. There s evdence tht these spects of IDS re nversl or t lest wdespred [7,9,10,11], nd both Englsh [12,13,14] nd Jpnese [15] lngge nfnts hve been fond to prefer IDS to ADS. In ddton, the hyperrtclton of vowels n IDS ppers to serve lngstc prpose mothers who show greter vowel [10] nd tone [8] hyperrtclton hve nfnts wth better speech percepton bltes. The focs of ths experment s the prodcton of vowels n IDS n Englsh nd Jpnese. Jpnese hs jst 5 vowels [,e,,o,] bt ech cn occr n two phonemclly dstnct forms - short (1 mor) or long (2 mor) forms). On the other hnd, Englsh hs vowels whch re ll dstngshed by vowel color. In cross-lngge stdy Werker nd her colleges [16] recorded IDS from Cndn Englsh nd Jpnese mothers nd nlysed dt from two sets of vowel prs common to the two lngges ([!]-[] nd ["]-[e]). Ther reslts reflect those expected from the lngge-specfc dstrbtonl propertes of the two lngges: dchotomos ctegory membershp for ech of the vowel prs ws better predcted by the drton thn the color of the vowels prodced by Jpnese mothers; nd better predcted by the color thn the drton of the vowels prodced by Cndn Englsh mothers. Ths s strkng demonstrton of the dfferentl dstrbton of phonetc fetres bsed on the phonology of prtclr lngges. Unfortntely no ADS ws collected n ther stdy so no conclsons bot hyperrtclton cn be drwn. Nevertheless, workng hypothess here mght be, extrpoltng from ther reslts, tht hyperrtclton shold be more evdent n vowel lengthenng n Jpnese, nd more evdent n vowel color n AsE. There s lttle f ny work on vsl hyperrtclton of speech [17], especlly n IDS. Wth respect to vsl speech per se, there re there re dfferences cross Englsh nd Jpnese n the degree tht vsl nd dtory speech nformton re sed n speech percepton. Jpnese lngge percevers se less vsl speech nformton (from the lps nd fce) n McGrk effect tsk thn do Englsh lngge percevers [18,19,20], nd py less ttenton to moth movements when observng nfnt voclstons [21]. As there s hyperrtclton of vowels nd tones n costc speech[10,8], nd s costc nd optc speech re mnfesttons of the sme nderlyng rtcltory gestres, t s hypothessed here tht there wll ndeed be hyperrtclton of vsl, lps nd fce, spects of IDS compred to ADS; nd, gven the oblqe evdence from McGrk stdes, tht there wold be greter (or t lest dfferent) vsl hyperrtclton n AsE thn Jpnese IDS, Here the costc propertes (men F 0, rnge F 0, F 1, F 2, drton) nd prelmnry dt on the vsl propertes (men lp wdth nd heght) of (Sydney) AsE nd (Kmmoto) Jpnese IDS nd ADS re compred, n prtclr the chrcterstcs of for vowels, [,, nd o]. Prevos stdes of hyperrtclton hve slly sed jst three vowels, [,,]. However, [] s more centred n Jpnese thn n Englsh, nd the Tokyo Jpnese dlect hs no rondng on []. (It s dffclt to fnd dt on the Kysh dlect, tht of the Kmmoto prtcpnts n ths stdy, bt we observed smlr rtcltory chrcterstcs n or potentl prtcpnts.) For these resons n ths stdy we dded [o] to the sl repertore of vowels n IDS stdes Prtcpnts 2. Method Eleven ntve Jpnese spekers from Kmmoto regon, Jpn, nd 10 AsE ntve spekers from Sydney, ll mothers of nfnts between 4 nd 9 months, prtcpted. Jpnese mothers were recrted by newspper dvertsement nd AsE mothers from the MARCS Lbs Bby Regster.

2 108 AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, Procedre For teddy bers nmed [bb], [bb], [bb], nd [bobo] were sed to exmne the for vowels of nterest [,,,o]. In the IDS sesson mothers st on chr n front of ther bby n bby chr (see Fgre 1), nd told them short story or fcttos chrcter detls bot ech teddy ber. They were nstrcted to sy ech ber s nme t lest 12 tmes n the sesson. In the ADS sesson mothers were nstrcted to tlk bot for people wth whom they hd close reltonshp, replcng ther nmes wth the trget words ([bb], [bb], [bb], [bobo]). Sessons were recorded by dgtl cmer (JVC-Evero GZ-MG505). Ado nformton ws dgtlly recorded t smplng rte 44.1kHz by clp mcrophone (Sennheser ew 112-p G2 Wreless Lpel Mcrophone) ttched ner the throt of mothers. Fgre 1: Expermentl set-p for mother nd bby ncldng recordng mterls 3. Adtory Speech Reslts 3.1. Acostc spects of IDS nd ADS Sttstcl nlyss From tternces prodced by mothers n IDS nd ADS, three costc vles: F 0 men, F 0 rnge (F 0 mx. - F 0 mn.), nd drton of ech vowel (1 st or 2 nd n ech of the [bvbv] strngs) were extrcted sng Prt ver.5.1. The dt of one AsE nd one Jpnese mother were not nclded, becse of dffcltes n extrcton of costc vles from ther vowels, levng dt from 10 Jpnese nd 9 AsE mothers. Three nlyses of vrnce (ANOVAs) were condcted for ech of the three dependent vrbles: the frst two nlyses were seprte ANOVAs for the AsE nd Jpnese mothers, ech desgned wth 2 expermentl condtons (IDS/ADS), 2 vowel postons (1 st /2 nd ), nd 4 vowel types ([,,, o]), wth repeted mesres on ech fctor. The thrd ANOVA ws condcted to compre Jpnese nd AsE mothers. As n ths nlyss t ws hyperrtclton,.e., the reltve dfference between IDS nd ADS tht ws of nterest, nd de to possble ntrnsc phonologcl fctors (e.g., rhythm, ccent etc.) whch my reslt n bsolte dfferences between costc mesres of the two lngges, for ths thrd ANOVA scores were normlsed by dvdng ech mother s IDS vles by her ADS vles. Ths gves hyperrtclton score n whch nty ndctes eql levels n IDS nd ADS, scores > 1 ndcte hyperrtclton for the dependent vrble n qeston, nd scores < 1 ndcte hyportclton for the dependent vrble n qeston F 0 men For the wthn-lngge ANOVAs of F 0 men, there ws mn effect of speech regster n both lngge grops, F AsE (1, 24) = 31.34, p <.001; F Jpse (1, 27) = 21.62, p <.005 (see Fgre 1), showng tht ptch s generlly hgher n IDS thn n ADS. The mn effect of vowel type ws sgnfcnt for both lngge grops, F Jpse (4, 27) = 5.73, p <.005; F AsE (4, 24) = 3.28, p <.05, bt there ws no ntercton wth other fctors. The mn effect of vowel poston ws sgnfcnt only for Jpnese mothers, F (1, 27) = 39.36, p <.0001, showng hgher F 0 men n the 1 st compred to the 2 nd vowel. The Jpnese vs AsE ANOVA for men F 0 reveled no mn effect of lngge, F (1, 17) = 3.45, p >.05, vowel type, F (3, 51) = 1.00, p >.05, nor vowel poston, F (1, 17) = 0.04, p >.05, bt the lngge x vowel poston ntercton ws, F (1, 17) = 11.42, p <.05, showng tht the overll heghtenng of men F 0 n IDS compred to ADS ws ccentted n the 1 st vowel for AsE mothers, F (1, 34) = 7.76, p < F 0 rnge There ws greter F 0 vrton n IDS thn ADS n both lngges, F AsE (1, 24) = 31.80, p <.005; F Jpse (1, 27) = 13.84, p <.01. There ws no mn effect of vowel type for ether lngge, F Jpse (4, 27) = 1.73, p >.05; F AsE (4, 24) = 0.49, p >.05. There ws mn effect of vowel poston bt only for AsE mothers, F (1, 24) = 24.84, p < 0.01, ndctng greter ptch vrton for the 2 nd vowel compred wth the 1 st. For Jpnese vs AsE there ws greter ptch vrton n IDS for AsE thn Jpnese mothers, F (1, 17) = 6.19, p <.05, nd generlly greter ptch vrton n IDS n the 1 st thn the 2 nd syllble, F (1, 17) = 12.99, p <.005, thogh the ntercton between the lngge nd vowel poston ws not sgnfcnt. D65)3/0(123789: <AB5(0C)37': /0(12345),63789:!?@!?"!?& "!! &!!!! &!! %! $! #! "!! &'( ")* &'( ")* +), -.) &'( ")* &'( ")* +), -.) &'( ")* &'( ")* +), -.) ADS IDS ;<= ><= ;<= ><= Fgre 2: Men F 0, F 0 rnge & drton (pper, centrl, lower) for Jpnese nd AsE mothers 1 st & 2 nd vowels n ADS & IDS. Brs ndcte stndrd errors. Eds: B-J.Theobld & R.W.Hrvey AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009

3 AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, The ANOVA comprng Jpnese nd AsE mothers F 0 men showed mn effect of lngge, F (1, 17) = 6.19, p <.05, s well s vowel poston, F (1, 17) = 12.99, p <.005, showng greter ptch vrton for AsE thn Jpnese mothers. There ws no effect of vowel type, F (3, 51) = 0.74, p >.05, nd the ntercton between the lngge fctor nd vowel poston ws not sgnfcnt Drton For drton there ws mn effect of speech regster for AsE mothers, F (1, 24) = 12.67, p <.01, who prodced longer vowels n IDS thn n ADS. The reslt ws n the sme drecton for Jpnese mothers bt fled to rech sgnfcnce, F (1, 27) = 3.42, p <.098. The mn effect of vowel type ws sgnfcnt for AsE bt not Jpnese mothers, F AsE (4, 24) = 4.18, p <.05; F Jpse (4, 27) = 0.58, p >.05, bt there ws no ntercton wth other fctors. There ws mn effect of vowel poston for ech lngge grop, F AsE (1, 24) = 16.57, p <.05; F Jpse (1, 27) = 39.36, p <.001, bt n opposte drectons, sggestng n overll stress dfference - Jpnese mothers showng sgnfcntly longer drton for the 1 st syllble vowel, nd AsE mothers for the vowel n the 2 nd syllble. There ws lso tendency for these syllbles (1 st for Jpnese, 2 nd for AsE) to be the ones tht were hyperrtclted n ech lngge, bt nether of the relevnt nterctons were sgnfcnt. The Jpnese vs AsE ANOVA for vowel drton showed no mn effects or nterctons for ny of the fctors, lngge, F (1, 17) = 0.35, p >.05, vowel poston, F (1, 17) = 3.09, p >.05, or vowel type, F (3, 51) = 1.09, p > Artcltory spects of IDS nd ADS Vowel trngle nd qdrlterl re dervton To nvestgte the rtclton of ADS nd IDS n ech lngge grop, 1 st formnt (F 1 ) nd 2 nd formnt (F 2 ) were mesred t the temporl mdpont of the trget vowels. The men vle of ech sbject s smples ws clclted wthn the sme ctegory of vowel nd seprtely for vowel poston (.e. 1 st or 2 nd vowel). Formnt vles from the 10 Jpnese sbjects nd 9 Englsh Astrln sbjects were sed to crete both vowel trngles (bsed on the three vowels [,,,] s n other stdes of vowel hyperrtclton [1,7,9,10] nd lso vowel qdrlterls bsed on the for vowels sed here [,,,o]. Methods to clclte vowel trngles hve lredy been docmented [1,7], bt not so for vowel qdrlterls. To clclte the vowel qdrlterls here, Bretschneder's forml [22] ws sed n whch the re of generl qdrlterl wth sdes of length, b, c, nd d s gven by: ¼!(4p 2 q 2 - (b 2 + d 2 2 c 2 ) 2, where p nd q = the lengths of the dgonls Artclton n IDS nd ADS Vowel Trngles: Fgres 3 nd 4 llstrte vowel trngles bsed on the men F 1 nd F 2 vles of the three vowels: [,,,] for Jpnese nd AsE mothers respectvely. As for the costc vrbles three ANOVAs were condcted, one ech on ech lngge seprtely nd one comprng the lngges. Frst, ndvdl prtcpnts trngle res were sbjected to n ANOVA wth two wthn-sbjects fctors: speech regster (IDS / ADS) nd vowel poston (1 st,/ 2 nd ). The reslts showed no hyperrtclton for IDS, ether for the Jpnese, F (1, 9) = Fgre 3: Trngles of men F 1 nd F 2 vles for three vowels, [], []) n Jpnese mothers IDS nd ADS (1 st vowel, pper pnel; 2 nd vowel lower pnel). Fgre 4: Trngles of men F 1 nd F 2 vles for three vowels ([], [], []) n AsE mothers IDS nd ADS (1 st vowel, pper pnel; 2 nd vowel lower pnel). AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009 Eds: B-J.Theobld & R.W.Hrvey

4 110 AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009 Fgre 5: Qdrlterls of men F 1 nd F 2 vles for for vowels ([], [], [], [o]) n AsE mothers IDS nd ADS (1 st vowel, pper pnel; 2 nd vowel lower pnel). 1.52, p >.05, or the AsE mothers, F (1, 8) = 0.86, p >.05, nd no mn effect of vowel poston for the Jpnese grop, F (1, 9) = 2.40, p >.05; or for the AsE grop, F (1, 8) = 0.73, p >.05. To compre the level of vowel hyperrtclton n Jpnese nd AsE mothers n ANOVA ws condcted wth the IDS/ADS rto for ech mother n ech lngge grop s the dependent vrble. A lngge grop (Jpnese/AsE) x vowel poston (1 st /2 nd ) ANOVA reveled nether mn effect of lngge (F (1, 17) = 0.001, p >.05) nor vowel poston (F (1, 17) = 0.55, p >.05). Vowel Qdrlterls: Fgres 5 nd 6 llstrte vowel qdrlterls bsed on the men F 1 nd F 2 vles of the for vowels [,,, o] for the Jpnese nd AsE mothers respectvely. ANOVAs for ech lngge wth two wthnsbjects fctors: expermentl condton fctor (IDS / ADS) nd vowel poston (1 st,/ 2 nd ) showed close to sgnfcnt effect for IDS vs ADS for the Jpnese mothers, F (1, 9) = 4.32, p >.05, bt n the opposte drecton thn expected,.e., there ws vowel hyportclton n Jpnese IDS compred wth Jpnese ADS. On the other hnd, for the AsE mothers there ws slght degree of hyperrtclton, bt ths ws not sgnfcnt, F (1, 8) = 2.31, p >.05. There ws no sgnfcnt effect of vowel poston for ether the Jpnese, F (1, 9) = 1.98, p >.05, or the AsE vowels, F (1, 8) = 0.13, p >.05. The ANOVA to compre the level of vowel hyperrtclton (the IDS/ADS rto) n Jpnese nd AsE mothers reveled sgnfcntly greter vowel hyperrtclton n AsE thn n Jpnese, F (1, 17) = 7.40, p <.05. The effect of vowel poston ws not sgnfcnt, F (1, 17) = 0.05, p >.05. Fgre 6: Qdrlterls of men F 1 nd F 2 vles for for vowels ([], [], [], [o]) n AsE mothers IDS nd ADS (1 st vowel, pper pnel; 2 nd vowel lower pnel) Smmry of Acostc nd Artclton Mesres Tble 1 smmrses the costc nd rtclton mesres n Jpnese nd Englsh IDS. As cn be seen AsE nd Jpnese IDS re smlr n terms of the exggerton of costc vrbles, men F 0, rnge F 0, nd drton, bt not vowel rtclton. Vowel hyperrtclton s greter n AsE thn Jpnese IDS, nd f nythng there s hypo-rtclton n Jpnese IDS compred wth hyper-rtclton n AsE IDS. Wth respect to the hypotheses pt forwrd erler, there s ndeed greter hyperrtclton n AsE thn Jpnese IDS, nd n ddton tendency for hypo-rtclton n Jpnese IDS hs been ncovered. These reslts re n ccord wth the hypothess of greter exggerton of vowel color n AsE thn Jpnese IDS, bt not wth the hypothess tht Jpnese IDS wold be more evdent n vowel lengthenng. Tble 1: IDS wthn & between Englsh & Jpnese mothers Mesre AsE IDS Jpse IDS Eng vs Jpse Men F 0 Heght d Heght d AsE=Jpse Rnge F 0 Heght d Heght d AsE>Jpse Drton Sg longer Longer AsE=Jpse Vow Tr le IDS=ADS IDS=ADS AsE=Jpse Vow Qd l HYPERrt n HYPOrt n AsE>Jpse 4. Vsl Speech Reslts Usng the 3D Lp Trckng softwre [23] the followng mesrements were mde for ech mother n ech condton: lp wdth, lp heght, lp protrson (.e., dstnces n x, y, z spects of three-dmensonl spce). Lp wdth mesred the dstnce between lp corners, lp heght the dstnce between Eds: B-J.Theobld & R.W.Hrvey AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009

5 AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, nner contors of the lower nd pper lp mdponts, nd lp protrson the dstnce from conceptl plne behnd the moth. In contrst to the dtory nlyss, only the frst vowel n ech[/bb], [bb], [bobo], [bb] tternce ws nlysed. For ntl comprson prposes, the lp wdth nd lp heght vles were derved nd plotted for one Jpnese (J01) nd one AsE (E02) mother s IDS nd ADS. These re presented n Fgre 7 n order to compre the moth re over vowels n ADS nd IDS (n mmcry of the FI/F2 spce presented n Fgres 3, 4, 5 nd 6). As cn be seen there ppers to be no hyperrtclton of moth re n IDS vs. ADS for ether Jpnese or AsE. However t my be noted tht () there s rotton of the vowel qdrlterl between ADS nd IDS n both lngges, whch cn be descrbed s rotton; (b) whle ths rotton s generlly the cse, for AsE there s non-trnstve shft of the poston of the [] vowel to move from between [o] nd [] nd opposte [] n ADS to between [] nd [] nd opposte [o] n IDS sch tht n AsE IDS [] hs smlr lp heght to [] nd []; nd (c) there ppers to be, contrry to wht wold be expected, sbstntl decrement n vsl vowel lp re n Jpnese IDS compred to ADS. Inspecton of Fgre 7 revels tht for AsE IDS, despte no pprent overll chnge n lp heght by wdth re, vsl fetre hyperrtclton s ndcted, s there s, s mght be expected, ncresed lp wdth for [] nd ncresed lp heght for [] n IDS. In ddton, there s ncresed lp wdth for both [] nd [o] n IDS vs ADS. For Jpnese IDS however there s the opposte, decresed heght for [o] nd [], no chnge n heght for [] nd [] nd decresed wdth for ll the vowels except [o]. These reslts seem to sggest dfferent vsl style n Jpnese IDS, perhps greter protrson nd/or more whspered speech. Heght (mm) Heght (mm) Vow el Qdrlterls: Jpnese IDS nd ADS ADS IDS Wdth (mm) Vow el Qdrlterls: Astrln Englsh ADS nd IDS ADS o IDS Fgre 7: Qdrlterls of men lp heght nd wdth for for vowels ([,, o, ]) n Jpnese (top pnel) nd Astrln (lower pnel) mothers IDS nd ADS o o Wdth (mm) o 5. Dscsson nd Conclsons In concert wth prevos fndngs, e.g., [1,2,7,9], there ws greter ptch vrton nd hgher men F 0 n IDS compred to ADS n both AsE nd Jpnese. Lengthenng of vowel drton ws lso evdent n both lngges, bt only sgnfcntly so for AsE mothers. The lck of sgnfcnt lengthenng of vowels n Jpnese IDS my be de to the strcter control of vowel length mposed by the morc strctre of Jpnese nd ts se of vowel length s phonemc dscrmntor, compred wth the stress-tmed ntre of Englsh. Indeed, the workng hypothess pt forwrd erler tht there shold be more vowel lengthenng n Jpnese cold be modfed f t s consdered tht the presence of vowel length s phonemc mrker n Jpnese ctlly mlttes gnst n overll lengthenng of vowels. Frther reserch s reqred to nvestgte ths more refned hypothess tht 2-mor vowels re lengthened, wheres 1-mor vowels re shortened n Jpnese IDS to ccentte vowel drton. In vowel rtclton, there ws srprsngly lttle hyperrtclton n IDS n ths stdy, ether when vowel trngles or vowel qdrlterls re consdered. Ths my hve been de to the peclrtes of the prtclr test procedre we sed here n whch the expermenters nd ssstnts often needed to nterct wth mothers to ensre trget words were ttered, whch ppered to mke the IDS less spontneos thn otherwse mght hve been the cse. In ddton, the 2-syllble trget words my hve led to ny hyperrtclton of vowels beng msked by the stress pttern of the words greter ncrese n men F 0 n IDS on the frst syllble for AsE nd on the second syllble for Jpnese. Over nd bove these constrnts, t s nterestng to note tht vowel qdrlterls pper to be more senstve to vrtons n vowel spce s fncton of speech regster thn re vowel trngles. Of even greter nterest s tht, n ddton to spport for the hypothess tht there wold be greter vowel hyperrtclton for AsE thn Jpnese IDS, there ws n fct slght hyportclton of vowels by Jpnese mothers. Wth respect to vsl speech, lthogh moth re (lp heght x wdth) s bot eql for AsE IDS nd ADS there s, nevertheless hyperrtclton of lp movements n expected drectons for AsE IDS ncreses n lp heght for [] nd lp wdth for []. Ths shows tht whle the mesre of vsl hyperrtclton employed here my hve some vle, t cold n ftre be gmented n some wy to reflect, nmerclly, the rottons of the qdrlterls n spce. Trnng to Jpnese, the lp heght x wdth moth re for vowels s sbstntlly less n IDS thn n ADS. The ntre of the IDS! ADS chnges pls necdotl evdence sggests tht t s possble tht there s chnge n voce qlty n Jpnese IDS, possbly nvolvng greter lp protrson nd/or greter se of whspered speech. Frther nlyses n whch protrson mesre s nclded, nd n whch more mothers dt re nclded shold clrfy ths sse. The cross-lngge rtclton evdence so fr n the vsl relm (hypo-rtclton for Jpnese nd hyperrtclton for AsE) prllels the cross-lngge rtclton evdence n the dtory relm (hypo-rtclton for Jpnese nd hyper-rtclton for AsE). Ths we hve here prelmnry evdence for concordnce of chnges between ADS nd IDS n the dtory nd the vsl mnfesttons of rtclton. Of corse, frther vsl dt re reqred nd dtory vs. vsl correltons mst be condcted before defntve conclsons cn be drwn, bt these reslts re promsng nd pont to method by whch dtory nd vsl comprsons of IDS nd ADS my be mde. AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009 Eds: B-J.Theobld & R.W.Hrvey

6 112 AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, Acknowledgements We thnk Dr Rolnd Göcke for hs 3D Lp Trckng softwre nd hs persstent nd effectve ssstnce. We thnk Ms. Motoko Tko for her contrbton to the dtory spects, nd Dr Kmko Tskd for her contrbton n n erler stge of the stdy. Ths work ws spported by n Astrln Reserch Concl Dscovery grnt (DP ) to the 6 th nd 2 nd thors, nd Grnt-n-Ad for Scentfc Reserch from Jpn Socety for the Promoton of Scence ( ) to the 2 nd thor. 7. References [1] Brnhm, D., Ktmr, C. nd Vollmer-Conn, U. (2002). Wht s new pssyct? On tlkng to bbes nd nmls. Scence. 296, [2] Ktmr, C. nd Brnhm, D. (2003). Ptch nd commnctve ntent n mother s speech: Adjstment for ge nd sex n the frst yer. Infncy, 41(1), [3] Fernld, A. (1989). Intonton nd commnctve ntent n mothers speech to nfnts: Is the melody messge? Chld Development, 60, [4] Fernld, A. (1992). Menngfl melodes n mothers speech. In H. Pposek, U. Jrgens, M. Pposek (Eds.), Nonverbl commncton. Comprtve nd developmentl pproches. Prs: Cmbrdge Unversty Press. pp [5] Stern, D., Speker, S., Brnett, R.K. nd McKn, K. (1983). The prosody of mternl speech: Infnt ge nd context relted chnges. Jornl of Chld Lngge, 10, [6] Ktmr, C. & Brnhm, D. (1998) The nfnt's response to vocl ffect n mternl speech. In C. Rovee- Coller (Ed) Advnces n Infncy Reserch, 12, [7] Khl, P. K., Andrsk, J. E., Chstovch, I. A., Chstovch, L. A., Kozhevnkov, E. V., Ryskn, V. L., et l. (1997). Cross-Lngge Anlyss of Phonetc Unts n Lngge Addressed to Infnts. Scence, 277(5326), [8] X, N., nd Brnhm, D. (nder revew) Tone hyperrtclton n Cntonese nfnt-drected speech [9] Andrsk, J.E., Khl, P.K., nd Hysh, A. (1999). The costcs of vowels n Jpnese womens' speech to nfnts nd dlts. Pper presented t ICPhS99, Sn Frncsco, [10] L, H.M., Khl, P.K, nd Tso, F.M. (2003). An ssocton between mothers speech clrty nd nfnts speech dscrmnton sklls. Developmentl Scence, 6(3), F1-F10. [11] Ktmr, C., Thnvsth, C., Brnhm, D., & Lksneeynwn, S. (2002). Unversl ptch modfctons n nfnt drected speech: prelngstc longtdnl stdy n tonl nd non-tonl lngge. Infnt Behvor nd Development, 24 (4), [12] Cooper, R. P., & Asln, R. N. (1990). Preference for nfnt-drected speech n the frst month fter brth. Chld Development, 61, [13] Fernld, A. (1985) For-month-old nfnts prefer to lsten to motherese. Infnt Behvor nd Development, 8, [14] Pegg, J. E., Werker, J. F., & McLeod, P. J., (1992). Preference for nfnt-drected over dlt-drected speech: Evdence from 7-week-old nfnts. Infnt Behvor nd Development, 15, [15] Hysh, A., Tmekw, Y., nd Krtn, S. (2001). Developmentl chnges n dtory preferences for speech stml n Jpnese nfnts. J. Speech, Lng., Her. Res., 44, [16] Werker, J.F., Pons, F., Detrch, C., Kjkw, S., Fs, L., nd Amno, S. (2007). Infnt-drected speech spports phonetc ctegory lernng n Englsh nd Jpnese. Cognton, 103, [17] Lees, N.C. (2008) Voclstons wth better vew: Hyperrtclton gments the dtory-vsl dvntge for the detecton of speech n nose. Doctorl Thess, MARCS Lbs, Unversty of Western Sydney. [18] Sekym, K., nd Tohkr, Y.. (1993). Inter-lngge dfferences n the nflence of vsl ces n speech percepton. Jornl of Phonetcs, 21(4), [19] Sekym, K. nd Tohkr, Y. (1991) McGrk effect n non-englsh lsteners: Few vsl effects for Jpnese sbjects herng Jpnese syllbles of hgh dtory ntellgblty. J. Acostcl Socety of Amerc, 90, [20] Sekym, K., nd Brnhm, D. (2008) Impct of lngge on development of dtory-vsl speech percepton. Developmentl Scence, 11(2), [21] Bloom, K., & Mstk, N. (1996). Jpnese nd Cndn mpressons of voclzng nfnts. Interntonl Jornl of Behvorl Development, 19(1), [22] Coxeter, H. S. M., & Gretzer, S. L. (1967). Geometry Revsted. Wshngton, DC: Mth. Assoc. Amer., pp , [23] Göcke, R (2005) 3D lp trckng nd co-nert nlyss for mproved robstness of do-vdeo tomtc speech recognton. Proceedngs of the Adtory-Vsl Speech Processng Workshop, Cnd, Eds: B-J.Theobld & R.W.Hrvey AVSP 2009, Norwch, Sept 10th-13th, 2009