Science 10 Test Review
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1 Science 10 Test Review 1. What is an ecosystem? 2. The fuel for ecosystems is.. 3. How does sunlight enter the food chain? 4. What are producers? 5. What are producers also known as? 6. What are consumers? 7. What are consumers also known as? 8. What are carnivores? 9. What are herbivores? 10. What are omnivores? 11. What do detritivores eat? 12. Give an example of a producer. 13. Give an example of a primary consumer. 14. Give an example of a secondary consumer. 15. Give an example of a tertiary consumer. 16. What produces more energy per unit of land area? Plants or animals? 17. Write the formula for photosynthesis. 18. Write the formula for cellular respiration. 19. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. 20. Define biotic, abiotic, interdependent. 21. Draw a pyramid of numbers, biomass, and energy for an ecosystem. 22. Give an example of an upside down pyramid of numbers and an example of an upside down pyramid of biomass. 23. What is biomass? 24. Why are there rarely more than four links in a food chain? 25. Explain how changes in one part of a food web affect populations in other parts of the web. 26. Draw a four-link food chain. 27. What is carrying capacity? 28. Explain the J-curve and S-curve for populations.
2 29. List four factors that determine carrying capacity. 30. Give an example of intraspecific and interspecific competition. 31. Give an example of density-dependent and density independent factors that affect population size. 32. How can overcrowding cause a reduction in population size? 33. What is productivity? 34. How is plant productivity affected by climate? 35. Give an example of a pesticide that is used to kill pests. 36. How can DDT spread through a food chain? 37. Why was DDT used to kill pests in the 1950 s and 1960 s? 38. What is biological magnification? 39. What is the relationship between DDT concentration and trophic level? 40. If you ate 600 KJ of cabbage at lunch and cabbage produces 5200kJ/m 2 how much land did it take to produce 600 kj of cabbage? 41. Be able to construct a bar graph and label it correctly (title, x and y axis) 42. Be able to find the average of a group of numbers. 43. Fill in the following chart. Remember, so organisms can be in more than one category. Organism Trophic Level Primary/Secondary/Tertiary or Producer Tree 1st Producer Plant Dog Rabbit Human Pig Caterpillar Fern Dolphin Whale Flower Seagull Horse Elephant Grass Herbivore, Omnivore, Carnivore, Plant, Detritivore
3 Test Review Answers 1. What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem is all the organisms in an area that interact with each other and with their environment of energy and matter 2. The fuel for ecosystems is.. the sun. 3. How does sunlight enter the food chain? Sunlight is captured by green plants during photosynthesis and stored as chemical energy in carbohydrate molecules. The energy then passes from species to species when herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat the herbivores. 4. What are producers? Producers are organisms that make their own food. 5. What are producers also known as? Autotrophs 6. What are consumers? s are organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat producers or other consumers. 7. What are consumers also known as? Heterotrophs 8. What are carnivores? Organisms that eat animals. 9. What are herbivores? Organisms that eat plants. 10. What are omnivores? Organisms that eat both plants and animals. 11. What do detritivores eat? They feed off dead and decaying organisms. 12. Give an example of a producer. Tree 13. Give an example of a primary consumer. Rabbit 14. Give an example of a secondary consumer. Fox 15. Give an example of a tertiary consumer. Human 16. What produces more energy per unit of land area? Plants or animals? Plants produce more energy per unit of land area. 17. Write the formula for photosynthesis.
4 18. Write the formula for cellular respiration. 19. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? 5-20% 20. Define biotic, abiotic, interdependent. Biotic living organisms Abiotic non-living organisms Interdependent depend on each other 21. Draw a pyramid of numbers, biomass, and energy for an ecosystem. 22. Give an example of an upside down pyramid of numbers and an example of an upside down pyramid of biomass. Pyramid of numbers beetle eating a tree Pyramid of biomass zooplankton eating phytoplankton 23. What is biomass? Biomass is the total dry mass of a given population of organisms. 24. Why are there rarely more than four links in a food chain? There is not enough energy passed from one level to the next 25. Explain how changes in one part of a food web affect populations in other parts of the web. If a species becomes extinct then whatever ate that species no longer can eat that species, so it has to find something else to eat. Once it eats a different species, then that species declines in numbers which affects other organisms. 26. Draw a four-link food chain. 27. What is carrying capacity? Carrying capacity is the largest population of a species that an environment can support. 28. Explain the J-curve and S-curve for populations. The J-curve shows that population will keep increasing forever if there is enough resources available.
5 The S-curve shows that there is a maximum number of organisms that an environment can support. 29. List four factors that determine carrying capacity. Energy and materials, Food Chains, Competition, Density 30. Give an example of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Intraspecific competition two deer fighting over apples Interspecific competition a wolf and a fox fighting over a rabbit 31. Give an example of density-dependent and density independent factors that affect population size. Density-dependent factors disease, food shortage, sickness Density-independent factors - flood, tornado, earthquake 32. How can overcrowding cause a reduction in population size? If there is overcrowding then sickness, disease and starvation tend to happen which causes the population size to decrease. 33. What is productivity? Productivity is the average amount of new plant biomass produced each year per unit area 34. How is plant productivity affected by climate? Warm, wet areas tend to have the highest levels of productivity. Areas with low temperatures and little water tend to have the lowest levels of productivity. 35. Give an example of a pesticide that is used to kill pests.ddt 36. How can DDT spread through a food chain? Unfortunately, DDT continues to be used in some countries today because it is such an effective pesticide. It not only affects species living in these countries but it also affects species living elsewhere in the world, including people who consume foods and food imported from the tropics. 37. Why was DDT used to kill pests in the 1950 s and 1960 s? During World War II, DDT was used to control populations of insects that can transmit diseases to people. As a result, the rate of death from malaria, bubonic plague, typhus and yellow fever dropped dramatically. 38. What is biological magnification? The process of DDT moving from producers to primary consumers and so on, and as
6 DDT moves up the trophic levels it increases in concentration it is called biological magnification. 39. What is the relationship between DDT concentration and trophic level? The higher the trophic level the higher the concentration of DDT. 40. If you ate 600 KJ of cabbage at lunch and cabbage produces 5200kJ/m 2, how much land did it take to produce 600 kj of cabbage? 600 KJ / 5200 kj/m 2 = m 2 Organism Trophic Level Primary/Secondary/Tertiary or Producer Herbivore, Omnivore, Carnivore, Plant, Detritivore Tree 1st Producer Plant Dog 2 nd, 3 rd, Secondary omnivore 4th Rabbit 2nd Primary Herbivore Human 2,3,4 Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Omnivore Pig 2,3 Primary/Secondary Omnivore Caterpillar 2nd Primary Herbivore Fern 1st Producer Plant Dolphin 3, 4th Secondary/Tertiary Carnivore Whale 2,3,4 Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Carnivore Flower 1st Producer Plant Seagull 2,3,4 Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Detritivore Horse 2nd Primary Herbivore Elephant 2nd Primary Herbivore Grass 1st Producer Plant
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