How remote sensing is currently used in water and environmental engineering. Bjørn Kløve, UOulu
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1 1 How remote sensing is currently used in water and environmental engineering Bjørn Kløve, UOulu
2 2 REMOTE SENSING Remote sensing usually refers to the technology of acquiring information about the earth's surface (land and ocean) and atmosphere using sensors onboard airborne (aircraft, balloons) or spaceborne (satellites, space shuttles) platforms
3 IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 3
4 MODELS AND REMOTE SENSING Remote sensing images provide an incomplete series of snapshots of land surface properties, while models provide a continuous estimation of the conditions subject to the model s simplifications. Therefore, the most attractive approach is to combine the strengths of land surface models and remote sensing observations to provide a superior land surface state estimate by data assimilation method 4
5 REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS Snow, galcial and water resources, e.g. hydropower Water strorage, consumption etc. Land cover and Land use change, e.g. stuctures, mining Water use, irrigation and land use plans Climate change studies Accidents survey and data, e.g. minig, forest fires Environmental change etc.
6 6 CROP WATER USE
7 CROP WATER USE - AET ESTIMATION 7 spie.org
8 WATER STORAGE TRENDS IN GROUNDWATER 8 NASA GRACE satellite data reveal the severity of California s drought on water resources across the state. This map shows the trend in water storage between September 2011 and September
9 9 Soil subsidence due to oil and groundwater pumping TIEDEKUNTA TIEDEKUNTA / osasto osasto osaston osasto / Etuniminen Sukuniminen-Sukuniminen
10 10 POLLUTION IN RIVER SYSTEMS 2/9/2016
11 LAKE WATER QUALITY 11 With images captured from earth-observing satellites, they're estimating lake and stream water clarity and mapping aquatic vegetation at city, state and regional scales. Landsat TM 2/9/2016 IKONOS impage
12 12 INDUSTRIAL EMISSION TRENDS (N02) Oil sand mining
13 HOW IS REMOTE SENSING IS CURRENTLY USED IN HYDROLOGY WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING? 13 Use of remote sensing data in hydrolgy (i) as parametric input data, including soil and land cover properties; (ii) as initial condition data, such as initial snow water storage; (iii) as time-varying hydrological state data, such as soil moisture content, to constrain model predictions. For example: Hydroclimatological simulation and forecasting Generating reliable extreme events analyses across spatial and temporal scales Improved understanding the impact of climate variability and change on water resources and environment Future New applications New tools (modelling, data etc.)
14 REMOTE SENSING IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 14
15 15 TIEDEKUNTA TIEDEKUNTA / osasto osasto osaston osasto / Etuniminen Sukuniminen-Sukuniminen
16 HYDROLOGIAL MODELLING AND DATA ASSIMILATION, E.G. SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT 16 TIEDEKUNTA TIEDEKUNTA / osasto osasto osaston osasto / Etuniminen Sukuniminen-Sukuniminen
17 17 HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING Abbaspour, K. C. E. Rouholahnejad, S. Vaghefi, R. Srinivasan, B. Kløve Modelling hydrology and water quality of the European Continent at a subbasin scale: calibration of a high-resolution large-scale SWAT model. Journal of Hydrology 524:
18 MINING APPLICATIONS 18 NASA
19 19 CONCLUSIONS Sensing the environment remotely can be an efficient way (sometmes the only way, but it has some limitations) to obtain data in many cases Remote sensing linked with modelling has many application in management of water, land and environment Spatial data needs are increasing as distributed hydrological models become available (computing power has increased) There is a clear demand to manage land and water resources more accurately and reliably
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