Ionic Compound. Binary Ionic Compounds Name to Formula. The Language of Chemistry. Metals and Non Metals. Binary Ionic
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1 The Language of Chemistry Chemistry has a language all of its own Ionic Compounds Chemistry Element Symbols Chemical Formulas Chemical Equations English Letters Words Sentences Each element symbol starts with a capital letter Ionic Compounds Ionic bond: bond formed by attraction between + and ions Metals and Non Metals Ionic Bonds occur between metals & non metals H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Anion + Cation Anion Ionic Compound + Cation Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Names will end in ide (except hydroxide and cyanide ) To write : 1. Symbol & charge of the metal cation 2. Symbol & charge of the non metal anion 3. Add more of the cations and/or anions until you have a neutral compound 8 valence electrons! 4. Use subscripts to show how many of each type of ion you have
2 Example Sodium fluoride Cesium chloride Potassium oxide Calcium sulfide Lithium nitride Cesium chloride Potassium oxide Calcium sulfide CsCl K 2 O CaS Binary Ionic Compounds Lithium nitride Li 3 N Binary Ionic Formula will Contain only 2 elements Contain a metal cation and a non metal anion To name: Example CaBr 2 Metal name + nonmetal name ending in ide The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type
3 Example K 2 O name for the CaF 2 Na 3 P NaI SrBr 2 name for the CaF 2 Na 3 P NaCl Calcium fluoride Sodium phosphide Sodium chloride Multivalent Ionic Compounds SrBr 2 Strontium bromide Multivalent (Transition) Metals Multivalent Metal: a metal that has more than one possibility for cationic (positive) charge The Appendix of your book (Page A 2) has the chart Multivalent Ionic Compounds Common multivalent metals and their charges Cobalt Co +2 Co +3 Copper Cu +1 Cu +2 Iron Fe +2 Fe +3 Lead Pb +2 Pb +4 Manganese Mn +2 Mn +3 Mercury Hg +2 2 Hg +2 Tin Sn +2 Sn +4
4 Multivalent Metals Names will contain roman numerals To write : Same as binary, except Roman numerals tell the charge of the metal cation Iron (III) oxide Example #5 Example #6 Copper (I) nitride Iron (II) nitride Copper (I) chloride Lead (IV) sulfide Tin (II) oxide Iron (II) nitride Copper (I) chloride Lead (IV) sulfide Fe 3 N 2 CuCl PbS 2 Multivalent Ionic Compounds Tin (II) oxide SnO
5 Multivalent Metals Formulas will: Contain a transition metal To name: 1. Name of the metal cation 2. Name of the anion 3. Determine total negative charge 4. Total negative charge must = total positive charge 5. Determine the charge on each metal atom 6. charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after the metal s name CuCl 2 Example #8 Example #9 Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 name for the PbCl 2 PbCl 4 MnO Mn 2 O 7 name for the PbCl 2 PbCl 4 MnO Lead (II) chloride Lead (IV) chloride Manganese (II) oxide Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Mn 2 O 3 Manganese (VII) oxide
6 Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ion: more than one atom that together have a charge Polyatomic Ionic Compound: compound containing at least one polyatomic ion + Cation Polyatomic Anion Polyatomic Ionic Compound Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions Only cation polyatomic ion: NH 4 All other polyatomic ions are anions (back half) Subscripts must match exactly as it appears on your list If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion is inside Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound NaNO 3 NH 4 Cl Ca(OH) 2 Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound NaNO 3 NH 4 Cl Ca(OH) 2 Nitrate Ammonium Hydroxide (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 Ammonium & phosphate K 2 CO 3 K 2 CO 3 Carbonate Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Polyatomic Ionic Names Do not end with ide (except hydroxide & cyanide) Do not use covalent prefixes To write : 1. symbol & charge of the cation & anion 2. Add additional cations or anions to have a neutral compound 3. Use subscripts to show the number of ion When using subscripts with a polyatomic ion, you must put the polyatomic ion in parenthesis.
7 Example #3 Example #4 Sodium carbonate Magnesium nitrate Sodium nitrate Calcium chlorate Potassium sulfite Calcium hydroxide Sodium nitrate Calcium chlorate Potassium sulfite Calcium hydroxide NaNO 3 Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 K 2 SO 3 Ca(OH) 2 Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Polyatomic Ionic Formulas will Contain more than 2 elements (not starting with H) at least 1 metal and 1 non metal To name: 1. Name of the cation 2. If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the polyatomic ion s name just as it is 3. If the anion is a single non metal element, use ide
8 Example #1 Example #2 NaNO 3 (NH 4 ) 2 S name for the Ca(NO 3 ) 2 Na 3 PO 4 NH 4 ClO K 2 CO 3
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