Directed Reading A. Section: Sorting It All Out WHY CLASSIFY?
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1 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Sorting It All Out 1. What is classification? WHY CLASSIFY? 2. Putting plants and animals into orderly groups based on similar characteristics is called a. arrangement. c. identification. b. classification. d. biology. 3. Classifying living things helps human beings a. improve the world. b. make sense of the world. c. destroy the world. d. make sense of the useful plants only. HOW DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS? 4. Taxonomy is the science of a. naming plants and animals. b. describing, classifying, and naming organisms. c. naming and describing living things. d. describing organisms. 5. Carolus Linnaeus seven-level system of classification a. included only plants. c. is still used today. b. is no longer used. d. does not include plants. 6. The more closely related living things are to each other, the more a. characteristics they share. c. space they share. b. food they share. d. water they will share. 7. Organisms are thought to be closely related when they have a. almost no characteristics in common. b. no characteristics in common. c. few characteristics in common. d. many characteristics in common. Holt Science and Technology 1 Classification
2 8. Lions and house cats can both retract their claws, but brown bears and platypuses can not. Which two are most clearly related? a. lions and house cats. b. lions and platypuses. c. house cats and platypuses. d. house cats and brown bears. 9. Early scientists divided organisms into two groups. What were the two groups? 10. What Swedish botanist and physician created the first organized, modern taxonomy? 11. How many levels of classification do scientists use today? 12. Why are the platypus, brown bear, lion, and house cat thought to be related to each other? 13. What characteristics do the bear, lion, and house cat have that the platypus does not have? LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION 14. All organisms are classified into a. one of six kingdoms. c. plants or animals. b. one of six phyla. d. living or nonliving things. 15. Each kingdom of organisms is divided into several a. genera. c. orders. b. classes. d. phyla. 16. The smallest, most specific classification level is a. phylum. c. class. b. species. d. order. 17. The plural form of the word phylum is. Holt Science and Technology 2 Classification
3 18. The singular form of the word genera is. 19. In order from largest to smallest, what are the seven levels of classification? SCIENTIFIC NAMES 20. No matter how many common names an organism might have, it only has one. 21. How was the naming of organisms different before Carolus Linnaeus, and how was the system difficult for scientists? 22. Who simplified the naming of living things by giving each species a two-part scientific name? 23. In the scientific name for the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, the word Elephas indicates the animal s. 24. All genus names begin with a(n). 25. All species names begin with a(n). 26. Scientific names contain information about a(n). 27. Scientific names are usually in one of these two languages, or. Holt Science and Technology 3 Classification
4 28. In the scientific name Tyrannosaurus rex, rex, the Latin word for King, is the name. 29. What abbreviation do scientists sometimes use when referring to Tyrannosaurus rex? 30. What is the scientific name for the common house cat? DICHOTOMOUS KEYS 31. Scientists use dichotomous keys to a. name organisms. c. identify organisms. b. count organisms. d. catch organisms. 32. What kind of identification aid are scientists using when they work through a series of paired, descriptive statements? 33. In your own words, describe how a dichotomous key is used to identify an organism. A GROWING SYSTEM 34. All the organisms on the Earth have a. been discovered. b. been classified. c. not been discovered or classified. d. been given scientific names. 35. What do scientists do when a newly-discovered organism does not fit any existing category? a. leave the organism alone b. try to change the organism c. destroy the organism d. create a new category 36. What newly-discovered organism, first found in 1995 on lobster lips, did not fit in any existing phyla? a. Symbion pandora c. Elephas maximus b. Felis domesticus d. Tyrannosaurus rex Holt Science and Technology 4 Classification
5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE Answer Key Directed Reading A SECTION: SORTING IT ALL OUT 1. Classification is the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics. 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. plants and animals 10. Carolus Linnaeus 11. seven 12. They all have hair and mammary glands. 13. They give birth to live young. 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. phyla 18. genus 19. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 20. scientific name 21. Before Linnaeus, scholars used names that had as many as 12 words to identify species. The system was difficult because scientists didn t always refer to organisms using the same names. 22. Carolus Linnaeus 23. genus 24. capital letter 25. lowercase letter 26. organism 27. Latin, Greek 28. species 29. T. rex 30. Felis domesticus 31. C 32. dichotomous key 33. Answers will vary. Sample answer: A dichotomous key uses paired statements to help someone find the identity of a mystery organism. The two paired statements are different from each other, such as this mammal has wings and flies and this mammal does not fly and has no wings. The person would choose the statement which fits the organism. Beside each statement is a direction that will take the person to another set of statements. The person chooses the best statement from this pair, is given directions to go to another set, and so on. Soon, there are no more statements, and the person can then see the identify of the organism. 34. C 35. D 36. A SECTION: THE SIX KINGDOMS 1. plants, animals 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. protista 7. Answers will vary. Sample answer: I don t think there will always be six kingdoms for classifying organisms because scientists haven t found all the organisms that exist, and some might not fit into the present kingdoms. 8. prokaryotes 9. archaebacteria, eubacteria 10. Eubacteria 11. Eubacteria 12. Archaebacteria 13. Archaebacteria 14. Eubacteria 15. C 16. protozoans 17. algae 18. slime mold 19. A 20. B 21. B 22. molds and mushrooms 23. Members of kingdom Plantae are green, multicellular, have cell walls, and make their own food using the sun s energy. 24. light 25. land, water Holt Science and Technology 80 Classification
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