Grade 8. ISPS Science K-12 Standards and Benchmarks

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1 Grade 8 ISPS Science K-12 Strands 1. Earth and Space Science 2. Life Sciences 3. Materials and their Properties 4. Physical Sciences 5. Nature of Science 1

2 Strand 1 Earth and Space Sciences Standard 3 - Students will understand the composition and structure of the universe and the Earth s place in it. 3 1 Know characteristics and movement patterns of the planets in our Solar System (e.g., planets differ in size, composition, and surface features; planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits; some planets have moons, rings of particles, and other satellites orbiting them. 3 2 Know how regular and predictable motions of the Earth and Moon explain phenomena on Earth (e.g., the day, the year, phases of the moon, eclipses, tides, shadows) 3 3 Know characteristics of the Sun and its position in the universe (e.g., the Sun is a medium-sized star; it is the closest star to Earth; it is the central and largest body in the solar system; it is located at the edge of a disk-shaped galaxy) 3 4 Know that gravitational force keeps planets in orbit around the sun and moons in orbit around the planets. Strand 2 Life Sciences Standard 4 - Students will understand principles of heredity and related concepts. 4 1 Know that for sexually reproducing organisms, a species comprises all organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring 4 2 Understand asexual and sexual reproduction (e.g., in asexual reproduction, all the genes come from a single parent; in sexual reproduction, an egg and sperm unite and half of the genes come from each parent, so the offspring is never identical to either of its parents; sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic diversity; asexual reproduction limits the spread of disadvantageous characteristics through a species) 4 3 Know that hereditary information is contained in genes (located in the chromosomes of each cell), each of which carries a single unit of information; an inherited trait of an individual can be determined by either one or many genes, and a single gene can influence more than one trait 2

3 4 4 Know that the characteristics of an organism can be described in terms of a combination of traits; some traits are inherited and others result from interactions with the environment Standard 5 Students will understand the structure and function of cells and organisms. 5 1 Know that all organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental units of life; most organisms are single cells, but other organisms (including humans) are multicellular. 5 2 Know that multicellular organisms have a variety of specialized cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that perform specialized functions (e.g., muscular-skeletal, digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, movement, control and coordination) 5 3 Know how an organism's ability to regulate its internal environment enables the organism to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment 5 4 Know that organisms can react to internal and environmental stimuli through behavioral response (e.g. animals have nervous systems that process and store information from the environment), which may be determined by heredity or from past experience Standard 6 - Students will understand relationships about organisms and their physical environment 6 1 Know ways in which organisms interact and depend on one another through food chains and food webs in an ecosystem (e.g., producer/consumer, predator/prey, parasite/host, relationships that are mutually beneficial or competitive) 6 2 Know how matter is recycled within ecosystems (e.g., matter is transferred from one organism to another repeatedly, and between organisms and their physical environment; the total amount of matter remains constant, even though its form and location change) 6 3 Know ways in which all organisms can alter the equilibrium of ecosystems, causing potentially irreversible effects. 3

4 Strand 4 Physical Processes Standard 8 - Students will understand the structure and properties of matter. 8 1 Know that substances can be classified by their physical and chemical properties (e.g., magnetism, conductivity, density, solubility, boiling and melting points) 8 2 Know that matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms, and different arrangements of atoms into groups compose all substances 8 3 Know that states of matter depend on molecular arrangement and motion (e.g., molecules in solids are packed tightly together and their movement is restricted to vibrations; molecules in liquids are loosely packed and move easily past each other; molecules in gases are quite far apart and move about freely) 8 4 Know methods used to separate mixtures into their component parts (boiling; filtering; chromatography) Standard 11 -Students will understand the sources and properties of energy Know that energy is a property of many substances (e.g., heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules and in radiation; electrical energy is in the attraction or repulsion between charges) 11 3 Know that electrical circuits provide a means of transferring electrical energy to produce heat, light, sound, and chemical changes 4

5 Standard 14 -Students will understand the structure and properties of waves know that vibrations (e.g., sounds, earthquakes) move at different speeds in different materials, have different wavelengths and set up wave-like disturbances that spread away from the source 14 2 know that waves (e.g., sound, seismic, light, water) have energy and interact with matter (e.g., light scattering) and can transfer energy (e.g., light absorption) Strand 5: The Nature of Science Standard 15: Ideas and Evidence in Science. By the end of the course students will have an understanding of: 15 1 how the outcome of scientific research has implications for society at large the way in which scientific work may be affected by contexts in which it takes place (for example social, historical, moral, spiritual) and how these contexts may affect whether or not ideas are accepted. Standard 16: Investigative Skills Students will be able to: PLANNING 16 1 use scientific knowledge and understanding to turn ideas into a form that can be investigated, and to decide on an appropriate approach decide whether to use evidence from first-hand experience or secondary sources carry out preliminary work and to make predictions, where appropriate consider key factors that need to be taken into account when collecting evidence, and how evidence may be collected in contexts [for example, fieldwork, surveys] in which the variables cannot readily be controlled decide the extent and range of data to be collected and the techniques, equipment and materials to use. OBTAINING AND PRESENTING EVIDENCE 16 6 use a range of equipment and materials appropriately and take action to control risks to themselves and to others. 5

6 16 7 make observations and measurements (e.g., metric tools, scales, light gates, temperature probes, ph probes, etc.) to an appropriate degree of precision make sufficient relevant observations and measurements to reduce error and obtain reliable evidence use a wide range of methods, including diagrams, tables, charts, graphs and computers to represent and communicate qualitative and quantitative data. CONSIDERING EVIDENCE use diagrams, tables, charts and graphs, including lines of best fit, to identify and describe patterns or relationships in data use observations, measurements and other data to draw conclusions decide to what extent these conclusions support a prediction or enable further predictions to be made use their scientific knowledge and understanding to explain and interpret observations, measurements or other data and conclusions. EVALUATING consider anomalies in observations or measurements and try to explain them consider whether the evidence is sufficient to support any conclusions or interpretations made suggest improvements to the methods used where appropriate. 6