Space Mission Analysis. Dr. Andrew Ketsdever MAE 5595
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1 Space Mission Analysis Dr. Andrew Ketsdever MAE 5595
2 Space Mission Design Advantages of Space Global perspective Clear view of the heavens Free-fall environment Abundant resources Final frontier
3 Space Mission Design Many different types of design processes, which do we use? All, or maybe none of them! All attempt to solve basic problem of optimizing performance, cost, and time Performance Cost Optimum design space Schedule Just depends on what you re trying to accomplish (must consider project goals, constraints, background of group solving, etc) We ll standardize on SMAD process for this class
4 System Engineering Process A System: An integrated composite of people, products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a stated need or objective Defense Acquisition University, System Engineering Fundamentals
5 Systems Engineering The System Engineering Process covers the development, manufacturing, verification, testing, operations, and disposal of a system
6 C 3 Subject Operations Orbit and Constellation Space Element Ground Element Launch Element
7 Space Mission Design Process
8 FireSat (SMAD Example)
9 FireSat Objectives
10 FireSat Functional Requirements
11 FireSat Operational Requirements
12 Constraint FireSat Constraints
13 Analysis of Alternatives
14 Analysis of Alternatives
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16 FireSat Mission Summary
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20 Space Mission Design Form follows function Spacecraft are designed and built to perform specific missions Spacecraft share certain traits based upon intended purpose So, a Spacecraft s appearance can give us a clue about its mission.
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22 ISS: Subject Low-Earth Orbit 407 km circular orbit, 51.6 deg inclination. NASA plans six research facilities fluids and combustion materials science gravitational biology human free-fall adaptation.
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24 Low-Earth Orbit 590 km circular, 28.5 deg inclination. Optics: The telescope is an f/24 Ritchey- Chretien Cassegrainian system with a 2.4 m diameter primary mirror and a 0.3 m Zerodur secondary. Effective focal length is 57.6m. Hubble: Subject
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26 Interplanetary - Capture 2 flybys of Venus, Jupiter flyby, Saturn orbit. (VEVJ Gravity Assist) The Cassini spacecraft is a scientific platform designed to perform an in-depth study of the Saturnian system. Atmosphere Magnetosphere Rings Several moons. Titan's atmosphere was investigated by the ESA built Huygens probe Cassini: Subject
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28 Voyager: Subject Interplanetary Escape Between them, Voyager 1 and 2 made numerous discoveries (Grand Tour) new moons about several of the planets Jupiter s Rings Uranus' unique magnetic field Volcanic activity on Io Following their final planetary encounters, the vehicles began the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM), which will measure interstellar fields, particles, and waves to the outer limits of the Sun's sphere of influence Both spacecraft will eventually depart our solar system and will travel towards other star systems.
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30 DMSP: Subject Earth Polar Orbit km, polar, sun-synchronous DMSP 5D-2 was the military's sixth generation of weather satellites. The DMSP 5D-2 satellites operated in two-satellite constellations to provide worldwide meteorological, oceanographic and solar-terrestrial measurements on a twice-daily basis. The visible and infrared sensors collected images of global cloud distribution across a 3,000 km swath during both daytime and night time conditions.
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32 DSP: Subject Geosyncronous Earth Orbit DSP is the 2nd generation DSP Ballistic Missile Early Warning Satellite. Payload includes 3.6 m Schmidt telescope with 2000 element IR sensor, nuclear detection sensors.
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34 Explorer I: Subject Low-Earth Orbit Perigee: 347 km (215 mi). Apogee: 1,859 km (1,155 mi). Inclination: deg. First US Launched Satellite 1 Feb 1958 Discovered Van Allen radiation belts. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space.
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36 GPS: Subject Medium Earth Orbit Constellation 24 satellites in six planes Circular 20,200 km / 12-hour orbits GPS provides the following: 24-hour, worldwide service Extremely accurate, threedimensional location information (providing latitude, longitude, and altitude readings) Extremely accurate velocity information Precise timing services Continuous real-time information Accessibility to an unlimited number of worldwide users
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38 Communications Satellites: LEO Constellations to GEO Single Satellite Architectures Provides a variety of services Sopranos Social Distortion Phone calls to Mom Sat to Sat Comm Subject
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40 Satellite Characteristics System Milstar DSCS UFO DSP GPS IIA, IIR DMSP Weight (lb) 10,000 2,550 3,050 5,200 2,050; 2,370 2,544 Size (ft) 52 x x 6.3 x cube w/ L x x 18; 33.3 x 13.4 w/38 span span diameter 5 x 6.3 x 6.3 Orbit GEO at 5 GEO GEO GEO Semi-synch Sun-synch equatorial equatorial 10,898NM at 55 Constellation Size 4 5 operational, 6 residuals 8 Classified 24 sats in 6 planes 2 sats in 2 planes First Launch Feb 94 DSCS I: Nov 71 Sep II in 89 Dec 82 DSCS III: Oct 82 IIA in 90 IIR in 96 Launcher Titan IV/ Atlas IIA Atlas II Titan IV/IUS Delta II Titan II Centaur Mission Area MILSATCOM EHF MILSATCOM SHF MILSATCOM UHF & EHF for mobile user or Shuttle Space-based Early Warning Navigation & Nuclear Detonation Detection Meteorology/ Environmental sensing
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