Astronomy Ranking Task: Kepler s Laws Orbital Motion
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1 Exercise #1 Description: The figure below shows a comet traveling in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. The comet is shown as it moves through four different segments of its orbit (labeled A, B, C, and D). During each segment of the orbit the comet sweeps out the triangular shaped area shaded in gray. Assume each of the shaded triangular shaped areas has the same size. A. Ranking Instruction: Rank the time it took (from greatest to least) for the comet to move along each of the segments (A D) of the orbit. Ranking Order: Greatest Least Or, the time to travel each segment would be the same. (indicate with check mark).
2 B. Ranking Instructions: Rank the distance (from greatest to least) the comet traveled during each of the segments (A D) of the orbit. Ranking Order: Greatest Least Or, the distance traveled during each segment would be the same. (indicate with check mark). C. Ranking Instructions: Rank the speed (from slowest to fastest) of the comet during each segment (A D) of the orbit. Ranking Order: Slowest Fastest Or, the speed of the comet during each of the segments would be the same. (indicate with check mark).
3 Exercise #2 Description: The figure below shows four locations (A D) of an asteroid during its elliptical orbit around the Sun. Ranking Instructions: Rank the speed (from fastest to slowest) that the asteroid would have at each of the four locations. Ranking Order: Fastest Slowest Or, the orbital speed at each location would be the same. (indicate with check mark).
4 Exercise #3 Description: The figure below shows a star and five orbiting planets (A E). Note that planets A, B and C are in perfectly circular orbits. In contrast, planets D and E have more elliptical orbits. Note that the closest and farthest distances for the elliptical orbits of planets D and E happen to match the orbital distances of planets A, B, and C as shown in the figure. Ranking Instructions: Rank the orbital period (from longest to shortest) of the planets. Ranking Order: Longest Shortest Or, the orbital periods of the planets would all be the same. (indicate with check mark).
5 Exercise #4 Description: The table below provides a partial list of the orbital periods (in years), and orbital distances (in AU) for six planets orbiting a one solar-mass star. The mass of each planet is also provided (in Earth masses). PLANET ORBIT DISTANCE (Semi-major axis in AU) PERIOD (Years) MASS (Earth Masses) A B C D E F Ranking Instructions: Use the provided information to rank the distance (from farthest to closest) of the planets (A F) from the star. Note that it is not necessary, but may be helpful, to complete the table before making your rankings. Ranking Order: Farthest Closest Or, the orbital distance for each of the planets would all be the same. (indicate with check mark).
6 Exercise #5 Description: The figure below shows four identical one solar mass stars, and four planets (A D) of different masses in circular orbits of various sizes. In each case the mass of the planet is given in Earth masses and the orbital distance is given in Astronomical Units (AU). Note that the sizes of the stars and planets, and the orbital distances have not been drawn to scale. One Earth Mass Three Earth Masses 1AU 1AU 2AU 2AU Two Earth Masses A B C D One Earth Mass Ranking Instructions: Rank the orbital periods (from longest to shortest) of the planets (A D). Ranking Order: Longest Shortest Or, the orbital periods of the planets would all be the same. (indicate with check mark).
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