PLANTS. Taxonomy. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae. Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals

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1 KINGDOM PLANTAE

2 PLANTS Taxonomy Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals 2

3 Multicellular Photosynthetic Autotrophs Chlorophyll a, b & other pigments Cell walls composed of cellulose Long strand of sugar molecules Insoluble / enzyme resistant Rigid, strong Reproduction General Characteristics Sexual reproduction 3

4 Multicelled adult (2n) Human Life Cycle

5 Alternation of generations Life Cycle Haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages to growth cycle Homospory vs. heterospory 5

6 Life Cycle

7 Quick Quiz: Gametes in a plant are produced by the A) Gametophyte B) Sporophyte 7

8 > 295,000 species Classified based on Plant Diversity Vascularization Seed production Types of seeds Development & morphology 8

9 Plant Diversity Non-tracheophytes 1 - Vascular? Tracheophytes Seed Bearing 2 Got seeds? Seedless Gymnosperms 3 Seed kind? Angiosperms Monocots 4 - Structure? Dicots 9

10 Non-vascular Plants (Non-tracheophytes) General characteristics Lack developed vascular tissue Gametophyte (haploid) generation dominant Require H 2 0 for sexual reproduction Examples Liverworts Hornworts Mosses 10

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12 Moss Reproductive Cycle 12

13 Quick Quiz: Non-vascular plants are small because they A) Can t transport water throughout their system B) Can t transport CO 2 throughout their system C) Can t produce gametes 13

14 Plant Diversity Non-tracheophytes 1 - Vascular? Tracheophytes Seed Bearing 2 Got seeds? Seedless Gymnosperms 3 Seed kind? Angiosperms Monocots 4 - Structure? Dicots 14

15 Vascular Plants (Tracheophytes) General characteristics Specialized conducting (vascular) tissues Xylem H 2 O; Phloem food Specialized leaves, roots, stems Cuticles Protective waxy covering Stomata pores for entry/exit of CO 2, O 2, H 2 O Sporophyte generation dominant 15

16 Vascular Plants Divisions of vascular plants Non-seed bearing (seedless) plants Seed bearing plants What is a seed? Spore = haploid (n) reproductive cell that can grow into a new plant Produced by sporophyte (2n), grow into gametophyte (n) Seed = diploid (2n) embryo surrounded by a protective coat Product of gametes (sperm/egg) produced by gametophytes (n), grows into sporophyte (2n) 16

17 Seedless Vascular Plants Examples Ferns (Pterophyta) Club moss (Lycophyta) Whisk ferns (Psilophyta) Horsetails (Sphenophyta) No leaves or roots 17

18 Fern Life Cycle 18

19 Quick Quiz: True or false: Ferns have seeds on the underside of their fronds. A) True B) False 19

20 Seedbearing Vascular Plants Divisions of seed bearing plants Gymnosperms Naked-seed Angiosperms Seeds protected in vessels Flowering plants 20

21 Plant Diversity Non-tracheophytes 1 - Vascular? Tracheophytes Seed Bearing 2 Got seeds? Seedless Gymnosperms 3 Seed kind? Angiosperms Monocots 4 - Structure? Dicots 21

22 Gymnosperms Conifers (Coniferophyta) Pines, firs, cedars Needle-like leaves Both pollen and seed bearing cones 22

23 Ginkos (Ginkophyta) Gymnosperms Ginko biloba Male & female plants 23

24 Gymnosperms Cycads (Cycadophyta) Palm-like, cone bearing Male & female Cones can reach 1m in length Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta) Ephedra 24

25 Gymnosperm Life Cycle 25

26 Quick Quiz: The defining characteristic of a gymnosperm is that they have A) No seeds. B) Seeds but no fruits. C) Seeds encased in fruits. 26

27 Flowering plants Angiosperms Monocots E.g., grasses, corn, iris Dicots E.g., fruit trees, roses, daisies, beans 27

28 Flower Structure 28

29 Plant Diversity Non-tracheophytes 1 - Vascular? Tracheophytes Seed Bearing 2 Got seeds? Seedless Gymnosperms 3 Seed kind? Angiosperms Monocots 4 - Structure? Dicots 29

30 Monocots Characteristics Seed has 1 cotyledon Flower parts in multiples of 3 Leaves show parallel veins Vascular bundles uniformly distributed All herbaceous (no wood) E.g., grasses, corn, iris 30

31 Dicots Characteristics Seed has 2 cotyledons Flower parts in 4 s or 5 s Leaves show net-like veins Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Some woody E.g., fruit trees, beans 31

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33 Quick Quiz: If you found a flower that had 12 petals (multiple of 3 and of 4), how else could you determine whether it was a monocot or a dicot? A) Look at leaf veins parallel or branching? B) Look at leaf shapes round or lobed? C) Look at flower color white or colorful? D) Look at stem woody or herbaceous? 33