GCSE Geography Case study/example revision list

Transcription

1 GCSE Geography Case study/example revision list Unit 1 Dynamic Planet This is a list showing where you will need to use named/located examples. It is not a list of all the content you need to learn- you should use the specification for this. Topic Content Case study/example Revised 1.Restless Earth Examine the causes of contrasting volcanic (volcano type, magma type and explosivity) and earthquake hazards, including Tsunami (shallow vs deep magnitude) at contrasting locations. Investigate the primary and secondary impacts of earthquakes in two named locations. To include reasons for contrasting impacts on people and property. Examine the primary and secondary economic and social impacts of one volcanic event. Examine the Role of prediction in relation to volcanic and earthquake hazards. Contrasting hazard resistant design in the developed and developing world. Hazard resistant design in MEDCS and LEDCS 1.Cone Volcano on a destructive plate Margin. Montserrat and Sakurijima. 2. Shield Volcano. Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Hot spot. 3.Shallow Focus EQ at Destructive plate margins. Kobe EQ, Japan. 16km below the ground. Haiit, focus = 13km. 4.Japanese Tsunami, Japan Magnitude 9. 1.Haiti, Caribbean, Magnitude 7, LEDC Kobe, Japan, Magnitude 8.9, MEDC, Montserrat, Caribbean, August present 1.Sakurijima, Japan March Montserrat, Caribbean, August present Montserrat, Caribbean, August present Sakurijima, Japan March 2009 Sichuan China May 2008

2 2.Climate and Change Climate has changed in the past through natural causes, on timescales ranging from hundreds to millions of years. Explore the natural causes of climate change. Natural climate change in the past has effected people and the environment. Consider the role of major climatic changes in geological time. The climate of the UK appears to be changing as a result of global changes caused by human activity. Future climates are uncertain but likely to present major economic and environmental challenges to the UK and, especially, to people in the developing world. 1.The UK climate since Roman times 1.Asteroid Collisions. 2.Orbital changes. 3.Volcanic activity. 4.Variations in solar output/sunspots. The little Ice age, UK 1315 The mass extinction of mega fauna at the end of the quaternary period. (end of ice age years ago) 1.Investigate the climate of the UK today including temperature, rainfall and seasonality, consider why they might change in the future, including reference to ocean currents and air masses. 1.Examine how human activities produce rising levels of CO2 and methane and how these contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect. 1.The possible economic and environmental impacts of future climate change for, MEDC = UK LEDC = Egypt

3 3.Battle for the biosphere Investigate how the biosphere provides humans with a range of goods, including food, medicines and raw materials. Consider the role of human activity in direct destruction of tropical rainforests, including deforestation for timber, mining and conversion to agricultural land. Examine how degradation of the biosphere takes place by indirect means, including the impact of climate change on tropical forests. Examine 2 contrasting examples of biosphere conservation including 1 global scale approach and 1 national or local approach. Examine the challenges of producing sustainable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms and the possible tensions. Yanomani, Amazonia, South America. Amazon TRF biome Amazon TRF biome 1. CITES = Global 2. UK National parks = National 3. ACRE TRF Reserve = local Amazon TRF biome

4 4.Water world Examine the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle, including rainfall reliability and groundwater levels in areas already experiencing aridity. and ecosystems in an area that experiences aridity Investigate the impact of unreliable and insufficient water supply on humans, using a case study from a vulnerable area. Considering the consequences of human activities on water quality, including sewage disposal, industrial pollution and intensive agriculture. Examine located examples of human activities that disrupt water supply including deforestation, over abstraction of groundwater and reservoir Sahel, Sub Saharan Africa Sahel, Sub Saharan Africa River Rhine, Europe. 1.Deforestation = The Amazon TRF 2. Over Abstraction = Thames valley, Southern England 3. Reservoir Construction = Katse Dam, Lesotho. construction.. Outback (desert), Australia River Rhine, Europe Consider the costs and benefits of large scale water management schemes in the developed world and the developing world. Examine the role of named small scale intermediate technology solutions in the developing world. 1.The Katse Dam, Lesotho Southern Africa 2.Hoover Dam Colorado, USA 1.Sand dams, Kenya

5 6.River processes and pressures Explain how landforms change from source to mouth. Investigate how channel shape and characteristics change along the long profile of a river including width, depth, velocity and gradient. Investigate the role of erosion processes, transport and deposition in river landform formation, including meanders, interlocking spurs, waterfalls, flood plains, levees, Investigate the influence of geology and slope processes on river valley shape and sediment load. Investigate the factors that cause rivers to flood, using hydrographs of 2 contrasting rivers, one with a short lag time and one with a long lag time. Examine how human actions can alter hydrograph shape and increase risk through urbanization and landuse change e.g. Deforestation. Investigate the impacts of flooding and the effectiveness of flood defences for a case study. Compare one traditional, hard engineering, flood management scheme with one soft engineering 1.River Tees North East England. 1.Loughton Brook = Epping Forest, South East England. 1.River Tees 1.River Tees 1.River Don Sheffield = Urban Hydrograph 2.River Don outside of Sheffield = Rural hydrograph As above Sheffield Summer River Don. 1.Traditional = Sheffield 2.Soft = River Skerne Darlington

6 8.Extreme Climates approach Assess their respective costs and benefits. Investigate the climates of polar and hot arid areas, including precipitation, temperature range, seasonality and variability. Examine why these are fragile environments and how flora and fauna have successfully adapted to the extreme climates but are also vulnerable to change. Investigate the adaptations people make in extreme environments, including farming methods, building styles, clothing, transport, energy use. Examine the culture uniqueness of peoples living in extreme environments and the value of this culture to others. Investigating the threats to people and natural systems in extreme environments, including outmigration because of limited economic opportunities, cultural dilution through tourism, pollution through resource exploitation and land degradation through poor land management. Investigating how climate change could threaten natural systems, including 1.Hot Arid =Outback Australia 2.Polar = Greenland 1.Hot Arid =Outback Australia 2.Polar = Greenland European settlers and European settlers and European settlers and

7 melting of permafrost, loss of sea ice, desertification and species migration and the impact of these on traditional economies. Assess a range of local actions e.g. Intermediate technology and adaptation to changing climates, and assess their effectiveness in achieving a sustainable future for local communities. Assess the role of global actions to protect extreme environments from the threat of climate change. 1.European settlers, Outback Australia 3.Sand dams, Kenya 1.Kyoto agreement on climate change 1997/2005.