Modified Richter Scale

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1 Name Date ID Grade 7 - Science Interim Assessment Third Grading Period 1. Which of the following is NOT affected by the tilt of Earth's axis? Length of day Type of climate Change of seasons Length of year 2. Magnitude Modified Richter Scale Estimated effects 2.0 Can be detected only by seismograph 3.0 Can be felt at epicenter 4.0 Felt by most people in area 5.0 Causes damage at epicenter 6.0 Causes widespread damage 7.0 Causes great, widespread damage An earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay area in October It was felt by people as far away as 150 kilometers but did not cause any damage to buildings. According to the table what was the magnitude of the earthquake? th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 1

2 3. Wind has blown sand against the monuments in Egypt for thousands of years. This has caused the monuments to wear down. What is this process called? precipitation weathering subtraction relation 4. When it is January in North America, Earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is away from direct sunlight. What effect does this tilt have on the Southern Hemisphere in January? There are fewer hours of sunlight in the Southern Hemisphere. January is a winter month in the Southern Hemisphere. January is a summer month in the Southern Hemisphere. The sun's rays provide less energy in the Southern Hemisphere. 5. As scientists unearthed the city of Pompeii, they noticed a great deal of ash mixed in the soil. What does this tell scientists about the history of the area? This area was once underneath a warm sea. This area was affected by an active volcano. This area was once covered by a glacier. This area was once the site of a coal mine. 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 2

3 6. Mark lives in Canada. His friend Luther lives in Australia. When it is summer in Canada it is winter in Australia. What causes the different seasons? Earth's tilt Earth's rotation wind currents position of the moon 7. An avalanche of rocks sliding down a mountain is a constant danger along mountain roads. What kind of energy do the rocks on a mountain have before they start to move? solar energy chemical energy potential energy nuclear energy 8. This drawing shows several phases of the moon. How is the moon changing in these drawings? from a new moon to a full moon from a full moon to a new moon from a new moon to a first quarter moon from a new moon to a last quarter moon 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 3

4 9. Description of Damage Worldwide Earthquake Frequency Magnitude Yearly average of number of earthquakes Great 8.0 and higher 1 Major Strong Moderate Light about 6,200 Minor about 49,000 Very minor about 365,000 Based on the information found in the chart which of the following is a valid conclusion? An earthquake of 8.0 causes a minor amount of damage. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 3.0 occur more often than any other. The number of earthquakes worldwide has increased. Weaker earthquakes happen more often than stronger earthquakes. 10. As the moon is being observed the same side is always seen. Why is the same side of the moon always observed? The moon rotates on its axis and revolves around the Earth at the same rate. The moon's orbit is perfectly circular as it revolves around the Earth and Sun. Only one side of the moon is illuminated by the sun. The moon is in the same position at all times. 11. After the winter weather passed, road crews started repairing potholes in the streets. Which of these caused potholes to appear? erosion and weathering cloudiness and thunder noise and odors animals and wind 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 4

5 12. Some volcanoes erupt slowly. They give plenty of warning to living things. But the most dangerous volcanoes are those that explode. Why would this happen? Gases in thin, fluid magma escape. As the magma nears the surface, pressure decreases. Magma clogs the volcanic vents and pressure builds up. Low-silica magma never reaches the surface. 13. Water runs downhill. It has a great deal of energy in a mountain stream. What type of energy does the running water have? kinetic potential solar chemical 14. Land is considered a renewable resource, but its availability is limited. Scientists are concerned about suburban expansion around major urban areas. This raises issues about the ecological impact of improper land management. Which of these is an effect of improper land management? increased diversity of organisms protection of native species increased habitat for small mammals erosion and nutrient run-off 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 5

6 15. Earthquakes in an area often cause large faults that leave deep ditches. These separations can separate a population of animals into two populations which can't interbreed. Over time, what will happen to these two groups? The two populations will eventually come back together. One population will die out and the other will live on. The two populations will become different from each other. The reproductive rate for each population will be less. 16. Each year forest areas the size of New England are cut to make room for mines and ranches. Which of the choices below is not an effect of cutting forests down? more flooding hurricanes global warming erosion 17. This picture shows the moon's phases. What causes the different phases of the moon? The moon revolves around Earth. The moon rotates on its axis. Earth rotates on its axis. Earth revolves around the sun. 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 6

7 18. Which of these causes a lunar eclipse? the sun moving between the moon and Earth the moon moving between the sun and Earth Earth moving between the moon and the sun the moon moving around the sun 19. Earth spins on its axis. It also tilts on its axis toward the sun or away from the sun at certain times of the year. As Earth rotates on its axis, the day changes into night. What happens as Earth tilts on its axis during its rotation? the phases of the moon occur one year passes the seasons change the tides change 20. Tanya wants to study the changes of the moon over one month. As she plans her observations, what should she keep in mind? She should never write down her observations. She should watch the moon at the same time every night. She should watch the moon for about two weeks. She should stand on a ladder so she is closer to the moon. 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 7

8 Read Phases of the Moon to answer questions 21, 22, 23 and 24. Phases of the Moon From any location on the Earth, the Moon appears to be a circular disk, which, at any specific time, is illuminated to some degree by direct sunlight. Like the Earth, the Moon is a sphere which is always half illuminated by the Sun, but as the Moon orbits the Earth we get to see more or less of the illuminated half. During each lunar orbit (a lunar month), we see the Moon s appearance change. This cycle is a continuous process with eight stages, called phases. The phases designate both the degree to which the Moon is illuminated and the geometric appearance of the illuminated part. These phases of the Moon, in the sequence of their occurrence are New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter, and Waning Crescent. Following waning crescent is New Moon, beginning a cycle that repeats itself every 29.5 days. Each complete cycle of phases is called a lunation. Because the cycle of the phases is shorter than most calendar months, the phase of the Moon at the very beginning of the month usually repeats at the very end of the month. When there are two Full Moons in a month (which occurs, on average, every 2.7 years), the second one is called a Blue Moon. Although Full Moon occurs each month at a specific date and time, the Moon s disk may appear to be full for several nights in a row if it is clear. This is because the percentage of the Moon s disk that appears illuminated changes very slowly around the time of Full Moon. New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, and Last Quarter phases are considered to be primary phases and their dates and times are published in almanacs and on calendars. The two crescent and two gibbous phases are intermediate phases, each of which lasts for about a week between the primary phases. The phases of the Moon are related to the relative positions of the Moon and Sun in the sky. For example, New Moon occurs when the Sun and Moon positions are quite close together in the sky. Full Moon occurs when the Sun and Moon are at nearly opposite positions in the sky. First and Last Quarters occur when the Sun and Moon are about 90 degrees apart in the sky. In fact, the two half Moon phases are called First Quarter and Last Quarter because they occur when the Moon is, respectively, one- and three- quarters of the way around the sky from New Moon. Space.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 8

9 21. The article tells us a portion of the moon is always illuminated by the sun. How much of the moon is always illuminated by the sun? A quarter of the moon is always illuminated. Half of the moon is always illuminated. Three-quarters of the moon is always illuminated. All of the moon is always illuminated. 22. Based on information you read in the article, which diagram would represent the position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth during the Full Moon? Note, drawing is not to scale. Sun Moon Earth Moon Earth A C Sun Sun Moon Moon Earth B D Earth Sun Drawing A Drawing B Drawing C Drawing D 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 9

10 23. The article informs us that when two Full Moons occur in the same month the second one is called a Harvest Moon Bonus Moon Repeating Moon Blue Moon 24. This purpose of this article is to create a discussion about the phases of the moon provide information about the phases of the moon point out incorrect concepts about the phases of the moon access prior knowledge about the phases of the moon 7 th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 10

11 Name Date ID Grade 7 - Science Interim Assessment Third Grading Period Answer Document th Grade Science Interim Assessment (3) 11