GHG measurement standards for cities. IPCC Expert Meeting: Application of 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Other Areas

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Jane Allen
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1 GHG measurement standards for cities IPCC Expert Meeting: Application of 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Other Areas 1 1

2 Contents Agenda 1. About C40 2. Measurement standards 3. Challenges IPCC Expert Meeting: Application of 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Other Areas, 1-3 July, Sofia, Bulgaria 2

3 C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group 3

4 The C40 Cities Addis Ababa Amsterdam Athens Austin Bangkok Barcelona Basel Beijing Berlin Boston Bogota Buenos Aires Cairo Cape Town Caracas Changwon Chicago Copenhagen Curitiba Dar es Salaam Delhi Dhaka Hanoi Heidelberg Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong Houston Istanbul Jakarta Johannesburg Karachi Lagos Lima London Los Angeles Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Milan Moscow Mumbai Nairobi New Orleans New York Oslo Paris Philadelphia Portland Rio de Janeiro Rome San Francisco Santiago Sao Paulo Seattle Seoul Shanghai Shenzhen Singapore Stockholm Sydney Tokyo Toronto Vancouver Venice Warsaw Washington, DC Wuhan Yokohama 4

5 The Power of the C40 8% of all humans 5% of global GHG emissions 21% of global GDP $$$$$ 5

6 The Power of the C40 8% of all humans 5% of global GHG emissions 21% $$$$$ of global GDP 6

7 The Power of the C40 ONE BILLION TONS IN POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS 7

8 The Power of the C40 ONE BILLION TONS IN POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS 8

9 The Power of the C40 9

10 The Power of the C40 10

11 C40 creates NETWORKS PEER-TO-PEER EXCHANGE ON-THE-GROUND CITY SUPPORT RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 11

12 C40 provides SUPPORT PEER-TO-PEER EXCHANGE ON-THE- GROUND CITY SUPPORT RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 12

13 C40 shares KNOWLEDGE PEER-TO-PEER EXCHANGE ON-THE-GROUND CITY SUPPORT RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 13

14 Cities decide City streets & parking Outdoor lighting Transit Residential waste Landfills Building regulation Water supply 87% 80% 63% 66% 60% 57% 60% City planning 50% 14

15 Final demand as driver of emissions Source: John Barrett, Lead author, IPCC Working Group III 15

16 What gets measured Cities are critical to mitigation - Release GHGs - Capacity to act (contribute to national targets) Ability of city leaders to take effective action depends on access to good quality data on GHG emissions Measurement enables cities to: Assess risks and Create a strategy to reduce opportunities GHG emissions Track their progress Report (legal / voluntary) Partnerships Access to finance 16

17 2. Measurement standards A City-wide Topic 1 B Consumption-based Topic 2 C Actions Topic 3 17

2A. City-wide inventories CDP Cities Survey 2014 60 Cities

Methodologies Categories ICLEI USA IEAP N/A IPCCbased 30 25 20

18 2A. City-wide inventories CDP Cities Survey Cities reported (90%) 46 City-wide GHG inventories (77%) Methodologies Categories ICLEI USA IEAP N/A IPCCbased GPC 10 Other 5 0 Need for greater consistency and improved access to data 18

19 2A. City-wide inventories Global protocol for community-scale GHG emissions GPC Presentation, Wee Kean Fong, WRI 19

20 2A. City-wide inventories Challenges - Emissions from grid-supplied energy generation counted at point of consumption rather than production - Emissions from transboundary transport included travel and hubs located out of boundary - Emissions from waste treatment based on waste generated - Availability of detailed transport data - Disaggregation of data at sub-national scale and by subsectors - Data confidentiality (point sources may be significant at cityscale) 20

2A. City-wide inventories ASK Guidance on disaggregation of national-level data Guidance on aggregating sub-national GHG inventories Example: Sub-national disaggregation,

21 2A. City-wide inventories ASK Guidance on disaggregation of national-level data Guidance on aggregating sub-national GHG inventories Example: Sub-national disaggregation, United Kingdom GHG inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Energy consumption statistics at local authority level (gas, electricity and residual fuels) 21

22 2B. Consumption-based Emissions from sources within boundary Territorial Emissions from activities within boundary Consumptionbased Inboundary plus 22

23 2B. Consumption-based Cities are networks of commerce, people and GHGs Research indicates significant trade in GHGs between consumer cities and producer cities 23

assessment 1 city developed standard (PAS 2070; London and

24 2B. Consumption-based 17 cities measure scope 3 emissions (30%) 2 cities have conducted full consumption-based assessment 1 city developed standard (PAS 2070; London and BSI) London Seattle Assessment of consumption-based emissions 24

25 2B. Consumption-based Consumption-based measurement allows cities to: Take a more holistic approach to GHG emissions Assess the carbon dependence of the local economy Realize opportunities for more efficient urban supply chains cross-sector and international ASK Guidance on conducting LCA Guidance on disaggregating national consumption-based data based on I-O assessments 25

2C. Actions CDP Cities Survey 2014 718 Actions

26 2C. Actions CDP Cities Survey Actions reported (median = 10) 110 Quantified actions (15%, majority 0.1 to 1m+ t) Need to quantify GHG effects of policies and actions 26

27 2C. Actions CDP Cities Survey 2014 City Project t Rio de Janeiro Capture of landfill gas 1,240,000 Cape Town Renewable energy 2,055,018 Washington DC Building design 2,234,500 Rotterdam CCS 15,200,000 Also need to capture other activity in city led by national governments and companies. Requires consistent framework and clever reporting to avoid double counting and leakage, and ensure proper attribution. 27

28 2C. Actions ASK Guidance on project-specific accounting to ensure consistency between national governments, cities, companies and others Define activity and conduct high-level estimate Before During After Map causal chain and define assessment boundary Estimate baseline emissions & GHG effects ex-ante Monitor performance Estimate GHG effects ex-post Verification and reporting 28

29 3. Challenges Boundary issues: city accounting very different to national accounting Availability of activity data: Lack of data at city-scale Limited resources and capacity issue Opportunities to empower city-scale action Guidance on disaggregation of national-level data for smaller spatial scales Guidance on aggregation sub-national inventories Guidance on LCA and consumption-based accounting Guidance on project-specific accounting 29

30 Concluding remarks Cities Critical to mitigation Capacity act Measurement standards New global processes for measuring city GHG emissions Consumption-based accounting Actions and policies Challenges and opportunities Activity data gap more data, better insight Win-win from closer alignment of national and city reporting 30

31 CONNECT WITH US C40 Cities 31

CITY OF CHICAGO BUILDING ENERGY USE BENCHMARKING AND TRANSPARENCY

California Energy Commission Nonresidential Building Energy Use Disclosure Workshop CITY OF CHICAGO BUILDING ENERGY USE BENCHMARKING AND TRANSPARENCY Jamie Ponce Chicago City Director, C40 Cities Climate