Motorcycle accident reconstruction in VL Motion
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1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction in VL Motion Presenter Nicola Cofelice ESR 14
2 AGENDA 1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction - Overview 2 Research progress 3 What s next? copyright LMS International
3 AGENDA 1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction - Overview 2 Research progress 3 What s next? copyright LMS International
4 Nicola Cofelice Project: EC Marie Curie FP6 MYMOSA (January 2007 September 2010) Research Training Network (RTN) 14 partners from 7 EU Member States => 5 universities, 3 research centers and 6 companies Research Topics: Motorcycle crash and pre-crash simulation in MB environment. Modeling of driver models in vehicle driving dynamics and safety simulations. Motorcycle related application with Virtual.Lab Motion. Resume: Nicola Cofelice (from Italy) MSc in Mechanical Engineering at University of Rome Tor Vergata. Master s thesis in collaboration with Nissan Technical Center (Barcelona): Vibrational analysis of a vehicle in order to simulate the ride comfort. Internship at Hewlett-Packard (Barcelona) in R&D department as designer of large format printers. Currently ESR for EC Marie Curie FP6 MYMOSA at LMS (12 months) with focus on multibody crash simulation in MB 4 conference papers (2 to be published) copyright LMS International
5 Leonard Ciubotaru Project: EC Marie Curie FP6 MYMOSA (January 2007 September 2010) Research Training Network (RTN) 14 partners from 7 EU Member States => 5 universities, 3 research centers and 6 companies Research Topics: Multi body/fe simulation and modeling Crash investigation and simulation Safety equipment research and optimization Resume: Leonard Ciubotaru (from Romania) M.Sc. in Mechatronics Engineering at Transilvania University,Brasov,Romania, 2008; PhD student in Biomechanical Engineering at Transilvania University,Brasov,Romania; Currently ESR for EC Marie Curie FP6 MYMOSA at LMS (12 months) with focus crash simulation in MB environment 8 conference papers, 9 journal papers. copyright LMS International
6 0.1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction Overview OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY Description of PTW driving and accident dynamics Use of Multibody Technique Simulation Data Virtual.Lab Motion HOW? AIM OF THE ACTIVITY Evaluation of the PTW structural and dynamics design Effect of protective devices (i.e. helmets and protective garments) Test data DEKRA COMPARE copyright LMS International
7 0.2 Motorcycle accident reconstruction Overview RESEARCH APPROACH 1. Survey on PTW accidents investigations Based on accident reports 2. Selection of most common scenarios (WP2) ISO Motorcycle 3. MBS model development 3.2 Dummy 3.3 Helmet (DAINESE-ICL) 4. Comparison with DEKRA data copyright LMS International
8 AGENDA 1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction - Overview 2 Research progress 3 What s next? copyright LMS International
9 1.1 Survey on PTW accidents investigations Impact relative positions Most common configuration: FRONTAL 65,3% copyright LMS International
10 2.1 Selection of most common scenarios CONFIGURATIONS (WP2 Avinash) head on (CAC1) crossing (CAC2) merging (CAC3) oncoming crossing (CAC4) following side swipe (CAC5) Working on these configurations! copyright LMS International
11 3.1.1 Motorcycle Multibody Model - description Yamaha FZS 600 Fazer Weight 208 kg + Rider Wheelbase 1,42 cm Tot Length 2,08 m Upper part of the fork (including the handlebars) Middle part of the fork Lower part of the fork Front wheel 12 degrees of freedom 7 rigid bodies Front frame (including the tank) Swinging arm Rear wheel - 6 from the front frame (3 coordinates of CM together with the roll, pitch and yaw angles), - 1 from the steering angle, - 2 corresponding to the rotation of the wheels, - 2 from the suspensions, - 1 for the deformation of the front fork. copyright LMS International
12 3.1.2 Motorcycle energy absorption TSDA (Translational Spring-Damper-Actuator) Bi-Linear behavior material Limits: Bump - Rebound Stops RSDA (Rotational Spring-Damper- Actuator) copyright LMS International
13 3.2.1 Rider Multibody Model right arm (up, low), right hand right leg (up, low) right foot (50%ile European) 24 rigid bodies helmet head Neck (7 vertebras) left arm (up, low), Torso (T1 included) left hand pelvis left leg (up, low), left foot Rider (50 th percentile EU) Weight: kg Height: 179 cm 23 joints: - Revolute (4), - Spherical (15), - Fixed joints (4) copyright LMS International
14 3.2.2 Dynamic behavior of human joints Stiffness of human joints Torque [Nm] = T(θ) => NO LINEAR Head Z Torque Friction of human joints Shoulder Z Torque C (Constant Damping) => LINEAR Attachments rider motorcycle: 5 TSDA saddle left and right foot left and right hand IF F i > F max Then DETACHEMENT CONDITION copyright LMS International
15 3.2.3 Neck behavior Neck behavior => based on FMVSS 572 subpart E Stiffness = T(θ) => NO LINEAR C (Constant Damping) => LINEAR FMVSS = Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard copyright LMS International
16 3.2.4 Test of the neck model Extension copyright LMS International
17 3.2.5 Test of the neck model Extension Standard: FMVSS th Neck Extension Test Parameter Specification Result Pendulum Impact Speed 5.94 m/s speed 6.19 m/s m/s Pendulum Deceleration vs. Time 10 ms 17.2 g ms 14.0 g ms 11.0 g g > 30 ms 22.0 g maximum passed First Pendulum Decay to 5 g 38 ms time 46 ms 41 ms Plane D Rotation Time for Plane D Rotation to Cross 0 During First Rebound Maximum Moment Rebound to 0 81 maximum rotation ms time of maximum rotation 82 ms 79 ms 147 ms time 174 ms 154 ms 52.9 Nm moment 80.0 Nm Nm 65 ms time 79 ms 78 ms Time of First Decay to 0 Nm 120 ms time 148 ms 121 ms copyright LMS International
18 3.2.6 Test of the neck model Extension Pendulum Acceleration Input copyright LMS International
19 3.2.7 Test of the neck model Extension Neck Extension Angle copyright LMS International
20 3.2.8 Test of the neck model Extension Neck Moment OC joint copyright LMS International
21 3.2.9 Test of the neck model Flexion copyright LMS International
22 Test of the neck model Flexion Standard: FMVSS th Neck Flexion Test Parameter Specification Result Pendulum Impact Speed 6.89 m/s speed 7.13 m/s 6.89 m/s Pendulum Deceleration vs. Time 10 ms 22.5 g ms 17.6 g ms 12.5 g g > 30 ms 29.0 g maximum passed First Pendulum Decay to 5 g 34 ms time 42 ms 37 Plane D Rotation Time for Plane D Rotation to Cross 0 During First Rebound Maximum Moment Rebound to 0 64 maximum rotation ms time of maximum rotation 64ms 70 ms 113 ms time 128 ms 130 ms 88.1 Nm moment Nm Nm 47 ms time 58 ms 56 ms Time of First Decay to 0 Nm 97 ms time 107 ms 95 ms copyright LMS International
23 Test of the neck model Flexion Pendulum Acceleration Input copyright LMS International
24 Test of the neck model Flexion Neck Flexion Angle copyright LMS International
25 Test of the neck model Flexion Neck Moment OC joint copyright LMS International
26 3.3.1 Head-Helmet-Anvil contact 1 st STEP => DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR VERTICAL IMPACT SIMULATION Model based on A. Gilchrist and N.J. Mills model and on the simplified assumption of M. Ghajari 3D Model developed with VL Motion Anvil copyright LMS International
27 3.3.2 Deformation mechanism Polystyrene foam crushing (LINER YIELD) Shell deformation (k 1a, k 1b and n 1 ) copyright LMS International
28 3.3.3 Deformation mechanism and results Contact headform-liner (k 2 and n 2 ) IMPACT SIMULATION DROP TEST a max = 2400 m/s 2 at 4 ms! IMPACT VELOCITY = 7,5 m/s GOOD MATCH WITH FEM / MATLAB results Vertical acceleration of the headform Longitudinal acceleration of the headform copyright LMS International
29 3.3.4 Deformation mechanism and results Thanks to Davide Caserta and Mazdak Ghajari (ICL) for the help copyright LMS International
30 4.1 Accident simulation set-up: head on 65,3% * ISO standard Realistic crash simulation Focus on HEAD ACCELERATION! *MAIDS REPORT copyright LMS International
31 4.2 Car energy absorption Car Energy Absorption K = Lateral Stiffness M = Car s mass copyright LMS International
32 Accident simulation set-up: rigid wall accident copyright LMS International
33 4.3 Dekra test data (Work in progress) Dekra accident reconstruction: configuration 413 (ISO 13232) Acceleration magnitude copyright LMS International
34 AGENDA 1 Motorcycle accident reconstruction - Overview 2 Research progress 3 What s next? copyright LMS International
35 Virtual Dummy For Vibrational Comfort Analysis Safety is affected also by comfort (i.e. rider attention, handling problems, etc) 1. Whole-body vibration for a rider 2. Development of a spine, as a filter for the frequency input Frequency domain - Hz SIMULATION Time domain - s copyright LMS International
36 Virtual Multibody Rider Biomechanics analysis VIRTUAL DUMMY The most important part of the model is the spine (32 bodies): 24 vertebrae: from C1 to C7 cervical region; from T1 to T12 thorax region; from L1 to L5 lumbar region. 1 segment to model the sacrum. 7 visceral bodies. -Motion between each vertebrae Revolute joint + linear RSDA -Each body has mass and inertia properties - Model is fully parametric! copyright LMS International
37 Multibody motorcycle transmission of vibration Saddle Stiffness and damping Dependent on preload and frequency Front suspension (stiffness and damping) Rear suspension (stiffness and damping) Front wheel Stiffness important Damping negligible Rear wheel Stiffness important Damping negligible copyright LMS International
38 Frequency domain analysis - transmissibility functions 1 - MBS model 2 - Linearization Input ground vibration Output head acceleration x& = Ax + Bu y = Cx + Du 3 - Transfer Function 1 TF ( s) = C( si A) B + D 5- Expected results 5Hz 4- FRF s = jw Valentini, P.P. (2009) copyright LMS International
![π dt 1 2 0 2 sin( πt ) t[ Hz] 5Hz Thanks to Roberto Zanni,](/docs-images/24/3803924/images/39-0.png "Alessandro Toso and David Moreno for the effort copyright LMS")
39 Time Domain Analysis Comfort assessment OUTPUT Head vertical acceleration a( t) = f INPUT PTW vibration (Sweep Signal) = A dα = π dt sin( πt ) t[ Hz] 5Hz Thanks to Roberto Zanni, Alessandro Toso and David Moreno for the effort copyright LMS International
40 Conclusions Helmet model 3D Multibody model for Helmet has been developed Helmet will be implemented into the crash scenario for head acceleration evaluation Virtual rider full-spine Time domain analysis Comfort assessment Frequency domain analysis Vertical trasmissbility Future steps? Keep on working! copyright LMS International
41 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Are there any questions? Presenter Nicola Cofelice ESR 14
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