ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
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1 ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Electric Current - the term used to describe the movement, or flow, of electric charges from one place to another. Electric - a controlled path through which electric current passes. Oct 25 7:51 PM Oct 25 8:02 PM The Parts of an Electric Load/ light A simple circuit has four basic parts: 1) Source of Electrical Energy - battery, motor conductor Switch 2) Electric Load - toaster, fridge electrical source The four basic parts of an electrical circuit 3) Electric Control Device - switch, timer 4) Connector - wire Oct 25 8:05 PM Mar 19 7:45 AM s YES Drag the word YES or NO to reveal if the light bulb will light. NO Closed - when a circuit is operating, and current is flowing. The switch is on. Open - when a circuit is not operating, and the current is not flowing. The switch is off. Oct 25 8:12 PM Battery Work? 1
2 Schematic Diagrams Ammeter Voltmeter When we draw circuits on paper we use specific predetermined symbols to represent different components. Battery Resistor Conductor Motor SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS Schematic circuit diagram - a representation of a circuit using symbols. Switch Lamp Oct 25 8:18 PM Mar 19 7:45 AM Match the symbol to the correct picture. Match the symbol to the correct picture. Symbol Component Symbol Component voltmeter V ammeter V cell switch resistor bulb connecting wire battery May 29 3:18 PM May 29 3:18 PM Types of s Series s There are two basic types of circuits: - series circuits - parallel circuits An electric circuit in which electric loads are wired to each other in a single path. The current passes through each bulb in turn There is only one pathway Oct 25 8:31 PM Oct 25 8:39 PM 2
3 Parallel s An electric circuit that is branched, contains multiple paths. Separate current path for each section of the circuit Each bulb has its own path to the current source Series s Oct 25 8:40 PM Place an beside an incorrect statement and a beside a correct statement. A parallel circuit has one path along which electrons can move. A series circuit has more than one path along which electrons can move. A series circuit has only one path along which electrons can move. A parallel circuit has more than one path along which electrons can move. Parallel s May 25 12:55 PM Voltage (V) Electric Current (I) Voltage - the amount of electrical energy that an electron possesses. Measured in volts (V) - Also referred to as Electric potential Current - the rate at which electric charges Oct 25 8:18 PM Oct 25 8:32 PM 3
4 Electrical Resistance (R) Resistance - the ability to impede the flow of electrons in conductors. - measured in ohms (Ω) Resistors - an electrical device that is designed to slow/stop the flow of electrons. Ohm's Law Ohm's Law - the potential difference (voltage) between two points on a conductor is directly related to the electric current flowing through the conductor. Potential Difference = Current x Resistance Oct 25 8:32 PM Problem 1 What is the voltage drop across the tungsten filament in a 100 W light bulb? The resistance of the filament is 144 Ω and a current of A is flowing through it. V = (0.833A) (144 Ω) V = 120 V Problem 2 An electric toaster is connected to a 120 V outlet in the kitchen. If the heating element in the toaster has a resistance of 14 Ω, calculate the current flowing through it. I = V/R I = 120 V / 14 Ω I = 8.6 A Problem 3 The current required to operate an electric can opener is 1.5 A. What is its resistance if the supply voltage is 120 V? Current The Parts - the rate of at an which Electric electric charges R = V/I R = 120 V / 1.5 A R = 80 Ω 4
5 Current The Parts - the rate of at an which Electric electric charges Oct 27 7:32 PM 5
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