AP Physics Electricity and Magnetism #4 Electrical Circuits, Kirchoff s Rules
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1 Name Period AP Physics Electricity and Magnetism #4 Electrical Circuits, Kirchoff s Rules Dr. Campbell 1. Four 240 Ω light bulbs are connected in series. What is the total resistance of the circuit? What is their resistance if they are connected in parallel? 2. A 650 Ω and 2200 Ω resistor are connected in series with a 12 V battery. What is the voltage across the 2200 Ω resistor? 3. Three 240 Ω resistors can be connected together in four different ways, making combinations of series and/or parallel circuits. What are these four ways, and what is the net resistance in each case? 1
2 4. Lightbulbs of fixed resistance 3.0 Ω and 6.0 Ω, a 9.0 V battery, and a switch S are connected as shown in the schematic diagram above. The switch S is closed. 2002B3B (a) Calculate the current in bulb A. (b) Which light bulb is brightest? Justify your answer. (c) Switch S is then opened. By checking the appropriate spaces below, indicate whether the brightness of each lightbulb increases, decreases, or remains the same. Explain your reasoning for each lightbulb. i. Bulb A: The brightness increases decreases remains the same Explanation: ii. Bulb B: The brightness increases decreases remains the same Explanation: iii. Bulb C: The brightness increases decreases remains the same Explanation: 2
3 5. Two lightbulbs, one rated 30 W at 120 V and another rated 40 W at 120 V, are arranged in two different circuits. (a) The two bulbs are first connected in parallel to a 120 V source. i. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 30 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit. ii. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 40 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit. (b) The bulbs are now connected in series with each other and a 120 V source. i. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 30 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit. ii. Determine the resistance of the bulb rated 40 W and the current in it when it is connected in this circuit. 3
4 (c) In the spaces below, number the bulbs in each situation described, in order of their brightness. (1= brightest, 4 = dimmest) 30 W bulb in the parallel circuit 40 W bulb in the parallel circuit 30 W bulb in the series circuit 40 W bulb in the series circuit (d) Calculate the total power dissipated by the two bulbs in each of the following cases. i. The parallel circuit ii. The series circuit 6. A student is asked to design a circuit to supply an electric motor with 1.0 ma of current at 3.0 V potential difference. a. Determine the power to be supplied to the motor. 4
5 b. Determine the electrical energy to be supplied to the motor in 60 s. Dr. Campbell c. Operating as designed above, the motor can lift a kg mass a distance of 1.0 m in 60 s at constant velocity. Determine the efficiency of the motor. To operate the motor, the student has available only a 9.0 V battery to use as the power source and the following five resistors. d. In the space below, complete a schematic diagram of a circuit that shows how one or more of these resistors can be connected to the battery and motor so that 1.0 ma of current and 3.0 V of potential difference are supplied to the motor. Be sure to label each resistor in the circuit with the correct value of its resistance. 5
6 7. A battery with an emf of 24 volts and an internal resistance of I ohm is connected to an external circuit as shown below. Determine each of the following: a. the equivalent resistance of the combination of the 4-ohm, 8-ohm, and 12-ohm resistors b. the current in the 5-ohm resistor c. the terminal voltage, V AC of the battery d. the rate at which energy is dissipated in the 12-ohm resistor 6
7 e. the magnitude of the potential difference V BC f. the power delivered by the battery to the external circuit 8. Three resistors are arranged in a circuit as shown below. The battery has an unknown but constant emf E and a negligible internal resistance. a. Determine the equivalent resistance of the three resistors. The current I in resistor R 3 is 0.40 ampere. 7
8 b. Determine the emf E (Voltage) of the battery. c. Determine the potential difference across resistor R 1 d. Determine the power dissipated in resistor R 1 e. Determine the amount of charge that passes through resistor R 3 in one minute. 8
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= (0.400 A) (4.80 V) = 1.92 W = (0.400 A) (7.20 V) = 2.88 W
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