Using the Periodic Table

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Using the Periodic Table"

Julie Lynn Shields
7 years ago
Views:

1 Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Using the Periodic Table A. What is the periodic table? 1. The is a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their chemical and physical properties. 2. The table can be used to determine how all are related to one another. B. Developing a Periodic Table 1. In the mid-1800s, Russian chemist and teacher created a table to help classify the elements by their properties. a. He placed the elements in rows of increasing atomic. b. The elements in the table showed repeating patterns; is a word used to describe such patterns. c. For example, Mendeleev noticed patterns in the of elements, the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. 2. After arranging the known elements in a periodic table, Mendeleev noticed large gaps between some elements. He predicted that scientists would find were. to fit into these spaces. Mendeleev s predictions 3. In the early 1900s, Henry Moseley found that the problem with Mendeleev s table could be solved if the elements were arranged in rows by. 4. The atomic number is the number of in the nucleus of an atom of an element. C. Today s Periodic Table 1. You can identify the properties of an element by studying its on the periodic table. 2. The shows the element s name, atomic number, chemical symbol, state of matter, and atomic mass. 3. A(n) is a column on the periodic table. 4. Elements in the same group have similar, which means they react with other elements in similar ways. 5. The rows in the periodic table are called. 10 The Periodic Table

2 Lesson Outline continued 6. As you read from left to right across the periodic table, atomic number by one for each element. 7. Most of the elements in the periodic table are, which are shiny and conduct thermal energy and electricity. 8. Most nonmetals are on the side of the periodic table; these elements do not conduct thermal energy and electricity. 9. Between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table are the D. How Scientists Use the Periodic Table, which have properties of metals and nonmetals. 1. Scientists use the periodic table to predict the of the new elements they create. 2. Elements that are each other on the periodic table share similar properties. The Periodic Table 11

3 Lesson Outline LESSON 2 Metals A. What is a metal? 1. A(n) is an element that is generally shiny, is easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets, and is a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy. 2. describes the ability of a metal to reflect light. 3. is a good conductor of thermal energy and electricity that is commonly used in cookware. 4. is the ability of a substance to be pulled into thin wires. 5. is the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets. 6. Except for mercury, all metals are at room temperature. 7. Metals in the same in the periodic table usually have very similar chemical properties. B. Group 1: Alkali Metals 1. The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are the. They include lithium,, and francium., potassium, rubidium, 2. Because alkali metals quickly with other elements, they exist in nature only as. 3. Pure alkali metals are in color. They are very C. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals and have low density. 1. The elements in group 2 of the periodic table are the. They include beryllium, and., calcium, strontium, barium, 2. Alkaline earth metals are not quite as as alkali metals. Still, they occur naturally only as. 3. Alkaline earth metals are in color, similar to alkali metals. 4. Alkaline earth metals have a low but have a greater density than alkali metals. The Periodic Table 29

4 Lesson Outline continued D. Groups 3 12: Transition Metals 1. The elements in groups 3 12 of the periodic table are the. 2. The transition elements are shown in two blocks in the periodic table; one block is in the rows at the of the table; the other block includes two of the table. 3. Transition metals have densities, strength, and are less reactive than alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. melting points 4. Main-block transition elements such as make good building materials. 5. Main-block transition elements react with other elements and form colorful, some of which are used in paints and pigments. 6. The top row of transition elements at the bottom of the periodic table is the E. Patterns in Properties of Metals series, and the bottom row is the series. 1. As you go from right to left across the periodic table, metallic properties of the elements tend to. 2. As you go from the top of a group of elements to the bottom of the group, the metallic properties of the group tend to. 30 The Periodic Table

5 Lesson Outline LESSON 3 Nonmetals and Metalloids A. The Elements of Life 1. Most of the mass of your body is composed of elements. 2. The most common elements in your body are. 3. A(n) is an element that has no metallic properties. B. How are nonmetals different from metals? 1. Many nonmetals are at room temperature. 2. The nonmetals that are solid at room temperature have no. 3. Nonmetals are poor conductors and, therefore, they are good. 4. In group 14, there is only one nonmetal the element. 5. In group 15, there are two nonmetals, which is a gas, and, which is a solid. 6. In group, 16 there are three nonmetals the gas and the solids sulfur and selenium. C. Group 17: The Halogens 1. The elements in group 17 of the periodic table are the. 2. Group 17 elements react with to form salts. 3. Because halogens react quickly with other elements, they occur naturally only as. 4. In general, halogens are reactive as you move down the group in the periodic table. D. Group 18: The Noble Gases 1. The elements in group 18 of the periodic table are the. 2. The noble gases include helium,, argon, krypton, xenon, and. 3. The noble gases react with other elements only under. 46 The Periodic Table

6 Lesson Outline continued 4. The noble gases were not yet discovered when Mendeleev his periodic table. 5. The most common element in the universe is. 6. Hydrogen is like a nonmetal because it is a(n) at room temperature. 7. Liquid hydrogen is like a(n) because it conducts electricity well. E. Metalloids 1. The are elements that have physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals. 2. Metalloids include boron,, germanium, arsenic,, tellurium, polonium, and astatine. 3. At temperatures, semiconductors conduct electricity as well as metals do; at not conduct electricity well. 4. Semiconductors are useful in computers, televisions, and other devices. temperatures, semiconductors do 5. The main metalloids used in microchips are and germanium. F. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids 1. An element s position on the tells a lot about the element. 2. Understanding the of elements can help you decide which element to use in a particular situation. The Periodic Table 47

Class Notes Standards Addressed: 8.3.11

Name: Period #: Class Notes Standards Addressed: 8.3.11 History of the Periodic Table: Demitri Mendeleev = Russian chemist who discovered a pattern to the in 1869. o How did he discovery a pattern to the