C. Synonyms or Antonyms. 1. synonym

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1 Answer Key Vocabulary Practice A. Choose the Right Word 1. viroid 2. prion 3. bacteriophage 4. virus 5. pathogen 6. all are infectious 7. prophage 8. retrovirus 9. lysogenic infection 10. lytic infection 11. All involve viruses 12. obligate anaerobe 13. facultative aerobe 14. obligate aerobe 15. All describe the need of an organism for oxygen 16. endospore 17. plasmid 18. flagellum 19. conjugation 20. All terms are related to bacteria B. Do-It Yourself Matching 1. Sample answer: medicine that treats bacterial infections 2. Sample answer: medicine that prevents some bacterial and viral infections 3. Sample answer: widespread disease 4. Sample answer: any infectious agent 5. Sample answer: nonliving pathogen made of genetic material enclosed by a capsid 6. Sample answer: nonliving pathogen made only of protein 7. Sample answer: using microorganisms to help clean up the environment 8. Sample answer: poison produced by an organism 9. Sample answer: virus that makes a DNA copy from viral RNA 10. Sample answer: pathogen that infects plants C. Synonyms or Antonyms 1. synonym 2. antonym 3. synonym 4. antonym D. Situational Vocabulary 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. a 11. a 12. a 13. b E. Analogies 1. vaccine 2. capsid 3. flagellum 4. toxin 5. epidemic 6. bioremediation F. Word Triangle 1. A virus that infects bacteria 2. Sample answer: The bacteriophage injected its DNA into the bacterium. 3. Accept all reasonable sketches of a bacteriophage 4. Viral DNA combined with host DNA 5. Sample answer: The prophage was copied many times in the host cells. 6. Accept all reasonable sketches of a prophage (viral DNA and host DNA should be labeled) 7. Extra genetic material carried by some bacteria. 8. Sample answer: The plasmid carried a gene for antibiotic resistance. 9. Accept all reasonable sketches of a plasmid (may be inside of a bacterium or a sketch of the circular plasmid alone). 10. A long whiplike structure used for movement by single-celled organisms 11. Sample answer: The bacterium could move quickly when it used its flagellum. 12. Accept all reasonable sketches of a flagellum. Holt McDougal Biology Viruses and Prokaryotes

2 CHAPTER 18 VIRUSES AND PROKARYOTES Vocabulary Practice virus pathogen viroid prion capsid bacteriophage lytic infection lysogenic infection prophage epidemic vaccine retrovirus obligate anaerobe obligate aerobe facultative aerobe plasmid flagellum conjugation endospore bioremediation toxin antibiotic A. Choose the Right Word Choose the term that corresponds to each definition below, then briefly explain the relationship that the group of terms all share: virus viroid bacteriophage prion pathogen 1. Infects plants 2. Only made of protein 3. Infects prokaryotes 4. Made of protein capsid and genetic material 5. General term for anything disease-causing 6. RELATIONSHIP: lytic infection prophage lysogenic retrovirus infection 7. Made by viral DNA inserted into host DNA 8. Makes a DNA copy from RNA 9. Infection in which virus combines with the host and may lie undetected 10. Infection in which the virus causes the host cells to burst 11. RELATIONSHIP: Holt McDougal Biology 1 Viruses and Prokaryotes

3 obligate anaerobe obligate aerobe facultative aerobe 12. Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen 13. Does not need oxygen but uses it if it is available 14. Must have oxygen to survive 15. RELATIONSHIP: plasmid conjugation flagellum endospore 16. Resistant, dormant cell 17. Extra genetic material 18. Whiplike structure that aids movement 19. Way to transfer genetic material 20. RELATIONSHIP: B. Do-It Yourself Matching In a random order, write short definitions for each term on the blank lines to the right. Then give your paper to a classmate who should write the number of the term next to the correct definition. 1. antibiotic 2. vaccine 3. epidemic 4. pathogen 5. virus 6. prion 7. bioremediation 8. toxin 9. retrovirus 10. viroid Holt McDougal Biology 2 Viruses and Prokaryotes

4 C. Synonyms or Antonyms Identify the words in each pair as synonyms, which are words that mean roughly the same thing, or antonyms, which are words that mean roughly the opposite. 1. virus/bacteriophage 2. obligate anaerobe/obligate aerobe 3. pathogen/viroid 4. bioremediation/toxin D. Situational Vocabulary Circle the letter of the situation that most closely relates to each vocabulary word. 1. prion: a) infectious protein; b) infectious carbohydrate 2. capsid: a) protein covering of a virus; b) lipid covering of a virus 3. lytic infection: a) bursts host cells; b) bursts viral cells 4. lysogenic infection: a) forms a plasmid; b) forms a prophage 5. prophage: a) host DNA and viral DNA; b) host DNA and bacterial DNA 6. epidemic: a) outer layer of skin; b) widespread infection 7. vaccine: a) protects against all viral infections; b) protects against some viral and bacterial infections 8. retrovirus : a) makes an RNA copy of viral DNA; b) makes a DNA copy of viral RNA 9. facultative aerobe: a) can use oxygen if available; b) must have oxygen to survive 10. plasmid: a) extra genetic material in bacteria; b) essential genetic material in bacteria 11. conjugation: a) method of genetic material transfer; b) method of survival in harsh conditions 12. endospore: a) bacterial DNA in tough outer coat; b) extra DNA that transfers between cells 13. antibiotic: a) kills or slows growth of virus and bacteria; b) kills or slows growth of bacteria only Holt McDougal Biology 3 Viruses and Prokaryotes

5 E. Analogies Read each analogy. Decide which term is most like it. capsid vaccine bioremediation epidemic flagellum toxin 1. Preparing the football team by practicing defensive plays before the big game 2. A football helmet covering and protecting the brain of the player 3. The legs of the players, moving them down the field 4. Insults being yelled from the stands and making the players feel bad 5. The catchy cheerleader s chant spreading to everyone throughout the stands 6. The cleaning crew picking up all the litter after the game F. Word Triangle Write the definition of each term in the bottom section of the triangles. In the middle section, write a sentence in which the term is used correctly. In the top section, draw a small picture to illustrate the term BACTERIOPHAGE: 4. PROPHAGE: PLASMID: 10. FLAGELLUM: Holt McDougal Biology 4 Viruses and Prokaryotes