Characteristics of Boston and its Neighborhoods Boston Education Funders October 14, 2014

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1 Characteristics of Boston and its Neighborhoods Boston Education Funders October 14, 2014 Alvaro Lima Director of Research Boston Redevelopment Authority

2 Outline of Presentation Changes in Boston Growth Diversity Age Education Demographics, Ages 0-24 Boston Neighborhoods 2

3 Changes in Boston 3

4 Boston is Growing Boston reached its population peak in Boston s population, like many major cities, declined after In recent decades, Boston s population has grown. The 2010 Census marked the first time since 1970 that Boston s population has been over 600, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis 4

5 Largest US Cities and Population Change Boston s population growth rate since 2000 was higher than the rates for New York and San Francisco. City Total Population Population Change N % Fort Worth (TX) 534, , , % Charlotte (NC) 540, , , % Austin (TX) 656, , , % San Antonio (TX) 1,144,646 1,327, , % El Paso (TX) 563, ,121 85, % Jacksonville (FL) 735, ,784 86, % Columbus (OH) 711, ,033 75, % Nashville (TN) 545, ,222 55, % Phoenix (AZ) 1,321,045 1,445, , % Seattle (WA) 563, ,660 45, % Houston (TX) 1,953,631 2,099, , % San Diego (CA) 1,223,400 1,307,402 84, % San Jose (CA) 894, ,942 50, % Washington (DC) 572, ,723 29, % Indianapolis (IN) 781, ,445 38, % Boston (MA) 589, ,594 28, % San Francisco (CA) 776, ,235 28, % Los Angeles (CA) 3,694,820 3,792,621 97, % New York City (NY) 8,008,278 8,175, , % Dallas (TX) 1,188,580 1,197,816 9, % Note: The table above shows the top 20 cities in population growth among the largest 25 cities in the United States. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis 5

6 Boston is Diverse Over the last several decades, the racial and ethnic composition of Boston has changed a great deal. In 1980, close to 70% of Boston s population was white. Today, just under half the population is white. The last two Census reports show Boston as a majority-minority city. 6% % 3% 11% % 5% 1% 0 22% 68% 24% 59% 8% 0% % 3% 0% 9% % 2% 14% 50% 18% 24% 22% 47% Note: 2000 was the first year the Census compiled data on individuals who identified themselves as multiracial Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis. 6

7 Foreign-Born Population Historically, Boston has had a greater proportion of foreign-born residents than both Massachusetts and the nation as a whole. Since the 1970s, the proportion of foreign-born residents in Boston has grown dramatically. 40% 35% 30% Boston Massachusetts United States 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis 7

8 25 Largest US Cities by Foreign Born Population Boston ranks 7 th among the 25 largest cities in the US in proportion of the population that is foreign-born. 26.2% Nativity 73.8% Native Foreign born Foreign Born Rank % Foreign Born City Population Rank % Los Angeles, California % San Jose, California % New York, New York % San Francisco, California % Houston, Texas % San Diego, California % Boston, Massachusetts % Dallas, Texas % El Paso, Texas % Chicago, Illinois % Phoenix, Arizona % Fort Worth, Texas % Seattle, Washington % Austin, Texas % Charlotte, North Carolina % Washington, District of Columbia % San Antonio, Texas % Philadelphia, Pennsylvania % Nashville, Tennessee % Columbus, Ohio % Jacksonville, Florida % Indianapolis, Indiana % Baltimore, Maryland % Memphis, Tennessee % Detroit, Michigan 18 Source: 2012 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis 8

9 Countries of Origin Most of Boston s immigrants today come from the Caribbean, Latin America, and Asia. This plays a major factor in Boston being a majority-minority city. Haiti 12.9% China 11.0% Dominican Republic 8.3% El Salvador 6.1% Vietnam 5.0% Cape Verde 3.9% Colombia 3.5% Jamaica 3.2% Trinidad and Tobago 2.6% Russia 2.3% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% Source: 2012 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis 9

10 Neighborhood District Diversity Index: Most of Boston s neighborhoods are more diverse today than in South Boston Waterfront Beacon Hill North End Dorchester Harbor Islands Boston Mission Hill Roslinadale Back Bay Hyde Park Chinatown Roxbury Leather District 0.00 South End Mattapan Jamaica Plain South Boston Allston Charlestown East Boston West Roxbury West End Downtown LMA Brighton Bay Village Fenway Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis 10

11 Breakdown of Boston s Population by Age Boston is a young city; currently it has the highest concentration of young adults (20-34) among the 25 largest cities in the US. City 20 to 34-Year- Olds % of Total Population Location Quotient Boston 216, % 1.73 Austin 251, % 1.57 Washington DC 188, % 1.55 Atlanta 127, % 1.49 Seattle 181, % 1.47 San Francisco 228, % 1.40 Chicago 738, % 1.35 Dallas 314, % 1.29 Houston 545, % 1.28 Baltimore 160, % 1.27 Philadelphia 392, % 1.27 Los Angeles 953, % 1.24 New York 2,035, % 1.23 San Antonio 304, % 1.13 Phoenix 330, % % 19% Age 22% 35% 0-19 years years years 55 and older Note: The table above shows the top 15 cities in proportion of young adults among the largest 25 cities in the United States. Source: 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis 11

12 Educational Attainment 60.0% 55.4% 51.0% 50.0% 46.5% 43.3% 40.0% 35.5% 30.0% 31.5% 30.0% 24.3% 20.0% 20.3% 21.1% 15.2% 10.0% 9.1% 7.6% 10.3% 0.0% Less than High School High School (includes equivalency) Some College/Associate's degree Bachelor's Degree or Higher *Note: 1950 percentages include only those who reported their educational attainment data are for ages 25 and over. Previous years ages vary depending on data collection. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1950 and 1960 Census of Population; from Boston Chartbook 2004, BRA Research Division Analysis ; U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis 12

13 Educational Attainment of the 25 Largest U.S. Cities Rank City Bachelor's Degree Graduate or Bachelor's Degree or Professional Degree Higher 1 Seattle, Washington 34.5% 23.2% 57.7% 2 San Francisco, California 32.9% 20.7% 53.6% 3 Washington District of Columbia 23.0% 30.0% 53.0% 4 Austin, Texas 29.5% 15.9% 45.4% 5 Boston, Massachusetts 23.7% 19.6% 43.3% 6 San Diego, California 24.9% 17.0% 42.0% 7 Charlotte, North Carolina 27.4% 12.9% 40.3% 8 San Jose, California 23.5% 14.8% 38.2% 9 Nashville, Tennessee 23.1% 13.0% 36.2% 10 New York, New York 20.5% 14.1% 34.7% 11 Chicago, Illinois 20.6% 13.9% 34.5% 12 Columbus, Ohio 22.4% 11.6% 34.0% 13 Los Angeles, California 21.0% 10.4% 31.5% 14 Houston, Texas 18.6% 11.1% 29.7% 15 Dallas, Texas 18.6% 11.0% 29.6% 16 Indianapolis, Indiana 18.8% 9.6% 28.3% 17 Baltimore, Maryland 14.3% 12.6% 26.9% 18 Phoenix, Arizona 17.0% 9.7% 26.7% 19 Fort Worth, Texas 16.8% 9.0% 25.8% 20 Jacksonville, Florida 18.0% 7.6% 25.6% 21 San Antonio, Texas 15.2% 9.1% 24.3% 22 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 14.0% 10.3% 24.3% 23 Memphis, Tennessee 14.8% 9.0% 23.8% 24 El Paso, Texas 15.5% 7.3% 22.8% 25 Detroit, Michigan 7.8% 5.2% 13.0% Note: This chart only includes those age 25 and over. Source: 2012 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis. 13

14 Ages 0-24: Boston 14

15 0-24 Year-Olds in Boston There are 223,721 Bostonians between the ages of 0 and 24 representing 36.2% of the City s population. Age Group Total % of Boston s population , % , % , % , % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census, BRA Research Division Analysis. 15

16 Race and Ethnicity, ages % of the 0-5 population is non-white. 80.4% of the 6-17 population is non-white. This trend changes with the population where 55.5% is white. Asian 6.3% Age 0-5 Other 7.5% White 29.1% Asian 10.7% Age Other 4.3% Asian 7.2% Age 6-17 Other 6.4% White 19.6% Hispanic or Latino 14.6% White 55.5% Hispanic or Latino 29.3% Black or African American 27.8% Hispanic or Latino 30.5% Black or African American 15.0% Black or African American 36.3% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census, BRA Research Division Analysis. 16

17 Population Change, The 0-24 population increased 9.1% from 2000 to Age Group % Change , , % ,531 38, % ,054 65, % , , % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial Census, BRA Research Division Analysis. 17

18 Household & Family Type There are 252,699 households in Boston. 23.2% of these households have children age Households with Children Other, 0.8% Female householder, no husband present, 45.2% Husband-wife family, 46.4% Male householder, no wife present, 7.7% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census, BRA Research Division Analysis. 18

19 Language Spoken at Home 54.8% of households with children speak a language other than English at home. Total Households with Children 0 to 17 Years Households with Children Where the Language Spoken is Not English 24.1% 26.9% English Only, 45.2% Other Languages, 54.8% 49.1% With children under 6 years only With children 6 to 17 years only With children under 6 years and 6 to 17 years Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis. 19

20 School Enrollment: Ages 3-24 Age 3-24 Age 3-4 Age % 21.4% 38.3% 35.2% 16.2% 40.3% 26.5% 80.6% 38.3% Age % 16.1% Enrolled in public school Enrolled in private school Not enrolled in school 53.2% Note: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, charter schools may be classified as either public or private. Read more here: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis. 20

21 Ages 0-24: Neighborhoods 21

22 Nativity: Ages % of children in Boston are foreign-born. However, 47.5% of children live with at least one foreign-born parent. Fenway has the highest percentage of foreign-born children, at 17.6%, followed by Allston with 16.2% % 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Nativity of the Population Under 18 Years Native Foreign born Note: This information was only available for ages 0-17 at the neighborhood level. The ACS does not report a population under 18 in the Harbor Islands. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. BRA Research Division Analysis. 22

23 0-24 in Poverty by Neighborhood 0 to 24 Year Olds in Poverty by Neighborhood 0 to 5 years % of Boston's 0 to 5 year olds in poverty Poverty rate 6 to 17 years % of Boston's 6 to 17 year olds in poverty Poverty rate 18 to 24 years % of Boston's 18 to 24 year olds in poverty Boston 9, % 24.0% 18, % 29.2% 33, % 39.9% Allston % 24.0% % 20.6% 4, % 64.4% Back Bay - 0.0% 0.0% % 7.0% % 50.5% Beacon Hill % 6.3% 5 0.0% 0.9% % 30.7% Brighton % 16.0% % 21.3% 5, % 47.4% Charlestown % 39.6% % 45.0% % 18.7% Dorchester 2, % 28.1% 5, % 29.9% 3, % 27.9% Downtown % 2.2% % 11.4% % 45.7% East Boston % 23.5% % 18.6% % 22.0% Fenway % 35.3% % 14.4% 5, % 70.6% Harbor Islands - 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% % 71.7% Hyde Park % 8.2% % 13.0% % 13.5% Jamaica Plain % 20.6% 1, % 33.4% 1, % 42.4% Longwood Medical Area % 30.8% - 0.0% 0.0% % 76.3% Mattapan % 30.7% 1, % 27.7% % 20.7% Mission Hill % 19.9% % 47.6% 3, % 54.9% North End - 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% % 45.6% Roslindale % 16.4% % 19.0% % 12.8% Roxbury 1, % 51.9% 3, % 48.7% 2, % 40.3% South Boston % 32.7% 1, % 49.6% % 19.9% South Boston Waterfront - 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% % 11.1% South End % 13.9% % 38.1% 1, % 41.9% West End - 0.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% % 54.6% West Roxbury % 5.0% % 4.1% % 4.6% Poverty rate Note: % of Boston s population in poverty (the second column in each age group) refers to the distribution of poverty by neighborhood within each age group. For example, of 0-5 yearolds in Boston in poverty, 1.1% live in Allston. Poverty rate, on the other hand, refers to the percent of a specific population who is at or below the federal poverty level. For example, 24% of 0-5 year-olds in Allston live at or below the poverty level. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. BRA Research Division Analysis.

24 Age 0-24 by Neighborhood 0 to 24 Year Old Population by Neighborhood Total Population Population 0 to 24 years old % of Total Population 0 to 5 year olds % of 0 to 24 year olds 6 to 17 year olds % of 0 to 24 year olds 18 to 24 year olds % of 0 to 24 year olds Boston 617, , % 38, % 65, % 120, % Allston 29,196 15, % % % 13, % Back Bay 18,088 4, % % % 3, % Bay Village 1, % % % % Beacon Hill 9,023 2, % % % 1, % Brighton 45,801 16, % 1, % 2, % 13, % Charlestown 16,439 3, % 1, % 1, % 1, % Chinatown 4,444 1, % % % % Dorchester 114,235 43, % 9, % 19, % 14, % Downtown 9,872 3, % % % 3, % East Boston 40,508 13, % 3, % 5, % 4, % Fenway 33,796 22, % % % 22, % Harbor Islands % 4 9.3% 1 2.3% % Hyde Park 30,637 10, % 2, % 5, % 3, % Jamaica Plain 37,468 10, % 2, % 3, % 3, % Leather District % % % % Longwood Medical Area 3,785 3, % % % 3, % Mattapan 22,600 7, % 1, % 3, % 2, % Mission Hill 16,305 8, % % 1, % 6, % North End 10,131 2, % % % 1, % Roslindale 28,680 8, % 2, % 4, % 2, % Roxbury 48,454 20, % 3, % 8, % 8, % South Boston 33,311 8, % 1, % 2, % 3, % South Boston Waterfront 1, % % % % South End 24,577 5, % 1, % 1, % 2, % West End 5,423 1, % % % % West Roxbury 30,446 8, % 2, % 3, % 1, % Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Decennial Census, BRA Research Division Analysis. 24