Earth & Moon Notes. Chapter 19
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1 Earth & Moon Notes Chapter 19
2 Earth s Movement The Earth moves in 2 ways orotation orevolution
3 The effects of the movements odays/nights oseasons
4 Rotation Rotation is spinning of the earth on its axis Axis- imaginary line that passes through the center of the earth and the North and South poles
5 The Axis The axis is tilted at an angle 23.5 o The axis is responsible for the difference in the length of sun light hours Sun light hours are NOT constant (the same)
6 Rotation Responsible for day and night It takes 24 hours to rotate once There are 24 hours in one day
7 Revolution Revolution the movement of one object around another The earth revolves around the sun One complete revolution is a year
8 Revolution Orbit: the Earth s path around the sun. Orbit s Shape = Elliptical
9 The Seasons Due to the tilt of the earth s axis NOT due to the distance from the sun.
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12 Direct/Indirect Rays Sun has direct and indirect rays Direct rays strike area around equator Warmer near equator
13 Direct/Indirect Rays Indirect rays (slanted rays) strike the north and south poles Cooler near poles Indirect Rays Direct Rays
14 Solstice Solstice: the sun reaches its greatest distance North or South of the equator Summer in N. Hemisphere = Winter in S. Hemisphere
15 Summer Solstice
16 When are the solstices? Summer Solstice: June 21 Longest day of the year (Northern Hemisphere) Winter Solstice: December 21 Shortest Day of the year
17 Winter Solstice
18 Equinox Equinox: equal night (12 hour day, 12 hour night) The sun is directly over the Equator Day = Night
19 Equinox
20 When are the equinoxes? Vernal Equinox: March 21 (First day of Spring) Autumnal Equinox: September 21 (First day of Fall)
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22 Gravity Gravity: force that attracts all objects to each other Force: push or pull Law of Universal Gravity Its everywhere
23 Strength of Gravity Strength depends on 2 factors Mass: amount of matter in an object The bigger it is the stronger the gravity is The smaller it is the weaker the gravity is Distance: decrease gravity with increase distance The closer it is the stronger the gravity is The farther it is the weaker the gravity is
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25 The effects of Gravity Tides Weight
26 Inertia Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion Newton s First Law of Motion: an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until another force acts on it.
27 Orbital Motion Inertia and Gravity combine to keep the Earth in orbit around Sun Inertia and Gravity combine to keep the Moon in orbit around Earth.
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29 The Moon The moon rotates once on its axis in the same amount of time it takes to revolve around the earth. Moon day = Moon Year The same side of the moon always faces the earth A day or year on the moon = 29 days
30 Is the Moon Close or Far? Perigee: point of the moon s orbit closest to the earth Apogee: point of the moon s orbit farthest from the earth
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32 Phases of the Moon Phases: the shapes of the moon as seen from the earth Depends on how much of the moon that is reflecting sun light faces the earth
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36 New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter Waning Crescent
37 Eclipses Eclipse: partial or total blocking of an object in space Two types of eclipses Solar- Sun Lunar- Moon
38 Solar Eclipse Moon directly between Earth & sun, blocking sunlight occurs with at New Moon Types of Solar Eclipses Total Solar Eclipse Partial Solar Eclipse
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41 Lunar Eclipse Occurs when the earth is between the sun and the moon Occurs with a full moon Types of Lunar Eclipses Total Lunar Eclipse Partial Lunar Eclipse
42 Lunar Eclipse
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44 Moon Phase Video
45 Tides Tides: the rise and fall of the oceans Due to the moon s gravity There are 2 high tides and 2 low tides at any one time on earth.
46 Spring Tides Occur at the New Moon and Full Moon When the sun and moon both pull in the same direction Very high tide Spring Tide = Straight Line
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48 Neap Tides Occurs at the 1 st quarter and 3 rd quarter moon When sun, earth and moon form a 90 o Angle The high tide is not very high
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50 Moon s Surface Galileo is the first scientist who looked at the moon with a telescope
51 Features of the Moon Maria: dark, flat surface Thought they were seas (oceans) Really hardened rock Craters: large pits on the surface of the moon Highlands: mountains on the moon light colored
52 Characteristics of the Moon Size & Density ¼ of the earth s diameter Density is about the same as the earths outer layers
53 Characteristics of the Moon Temperature & Atmosphere light side: 130 o C = 266 o F Dark Side: -180 o C = -292 o F There is no atmosphere so the temperature always changes
54 Characteristics of the Moon Water No Liquid Water Gravity Gravity on the moon is about 1/6 th as strong as on the earth
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