Naming Chemical Compounds

Transcription

1 Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds: Have two different chemical elements as part of the compound. Both come directly from the periodic table. Ionic compounds have two parts; a cation (positively charged) and an anion (negatively charged) To name these types of compounds simpley name the cation followed by the name of the anion. Note that all anion from the periodic table have names ending in ide. Examples: NaCl BaCl 2 Al 2 O 3 Sodium chloride Barium chloride Aluminum oxide 1

2 (Note the total charge of the compound is zero) Strontium bromide Calcium oxide Lithium nitride Strontium phosphide 2

3 Naming Chemical Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds: Have three or more different chemical elements. Naming these compounds is very similar to naming binary ionic with a simple exception. With these compounds you will have 'polyatomic' ions. The names and charges of these ions appear on your periodic table. To name simple name the cation followed by the name of the anion NaNO 3 Sodium Nitrate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 Ammonium Carbonate Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Strontium Phosphate 3

4 Ternary Ionic Compounds: Naming Chemical Compounds Barium Nitrite Cesium Oxalate Ammonium Sulfate 4

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6 Naming Chemical Compounds Transition metals: transition metals are considered to be metals that have more than one possible charge. For example Iron can be either +2 or +3. To name them simple name the transition metal, put the charge in roman numerals in after the name, and then name the anion. FeO Iron (II) Oxide Fe 2 O 3 Iron (III) oxide CuNO 3 Copper (I) Nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Copper (II) Nitrate 6

7 Naming Chemical Compounds Transition metals: transition metals are considered to be metals that have more than one possible charge. For example Iron can be either +2 or +3. To name them simple name the transition metal, put the charge in roman numerals in after the name, and then name the anion. Lead (IV) chloride Tin (II) phosphate Copper (I) sulfite 7

8 Naming Chemical Compounds Acids and Bases: Bases: Bases are all considered Ternary Ionic compounds and are named as such. Almost all bases have a hydroxide ion so the names are all; hydroxide Examples: NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium Hydroxide Acids: To name acids you first identify the material as an acid. If it start with H it is named as an acid. Then you must look at the ending of the anion to determine the naming protocol used to name it. Ending of anion: ide ate ite change ide to ic add the prefix Hydro and the word acid at the end. change ate to ic and the word acid at the end. change ite to ous add the word acid at the end. 8

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13 Acids: To name acids you first identify the material as an acid. If it start with H it is named as an acid. Then you must look at the ending of the anion to determine the naming protocol used to name it. Ending of anion: ide change ide to ic add the prefix Hydro and the word acid at the end. ate ite change ate to ic and the word acid at the end. change ite to ous add the word acid at the end. Examples: HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 2 13

14 Acids: To name acids you first identify the material as an acid. If it start with H it is named as an acid. Then you must look at the ending of the anion to determine the naming protocol used to name it. Ending of anion: ide change ide to ic add the prefix Hydro and the word acid at the end. ate ite change ate to ic and the word acid at the end. change ite to ous add the word acid at the end. Examples: Hydroiodic acid Nitric acid Phosphorous acid 14

15 Naming covalent compounds: To name a covalent compound you must irst identify the compound as covalent. Covalent conpounds have; carbon, silicon or a usually negatively charged element at the first thing listed. The charge on covalent compounds is not used in the naming process. To name them; Name the cation followed by the name of the anion, if the anion is from the periodic chart it ends in ide. Then add the prefix to the cation or anion name indicating the number of atom of the cation or anion. CCl 4 N 2 Br 3 Si 2 O 15

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17 Tricarbon Hexafluoride Carbon Tetrabromide Silicon monoxide Phosphorous pentahydride 17

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