Calibration of thermometer
|
|
|
- Ashley Dickerson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 22 Feb Calibration of thermometer (Lecture and Training) i Koichi NAKASHIMA Scientific Officer Regional Instrument Centre Tsukuba Observations Division, Observations Department
2 Outline 1. Temperature measurement and calibration of thermometer (theory) 2. Calibration of thermometer t (practice)
3 Schedule Contents Place 1 Theory Lecture room(3f) 2 Coffee Break 3 Practice Calibration room(1f) (Calibration) 4 Coffee Break 5 Review of practice results Lecture room(3f) Uncertainty evaluation
4 1. Temperature measurement (theory) Definition of temperature in the SI unit 1-2. ITS Required uncertainty in meteorological observation 1-4. Types of thermometer 1-5. Traceability and calibration methods in JMA
5 1-1. Definition of temperature in the SI unit
6 Definition of the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature (kelvin) "The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/ of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water." Thermometer well Pres ssure Approx. 610Pa Ice (solid) Water (liquid) Water vapor (gas) Triple point Water vapor(gas) Ice(solid) Water(liquid) K Temperature (0.01 ) Water triple point cell
7 1-2. ITS-90
8 The International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90) 90) t/ = T/K T: thermodynamic temperature(unit: Kelvin) t: temperature in degrees Celsius(unit: ) History 1927: ITS-27(The International Temperature Scale of 1927) 1948: IPTS-48 (The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1948) 1968: IPTS-68 (The International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968) 1976: EPS-76 (The 1976 Provisional 0.5K to 30K Temperature Scale) 1990:ITS-90
9 The International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90) 90) Defined to correspond with thermodynamic temperature - Fixed points - Interpolation methods/instruments - Interpolation formula
10 The International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90) 90) Types of instrument for ITS-90 interpolation Type of instrument Applicable for interpolation temperature range Helium vapor pressure thermometer Interpolating gas thermometer Platinum resistance thermometert Radiation thermometer Principle 0.65 K 5.0 K Relationship between vapor pressure and the temperature of helium-4 and helium K K Relationship between pressure and the temperature of a constant volume of gas with helium-4 and helium-3 as working fluids K Relationship between electrical 1, K resistance and the temperature of platinum 1, K Planck's law of radiation
11 Defining fixed points of the ITS-90 Number Temperature Substance(*1) State(*2) T90/K t90/ 1 3 to to He V e-h 2 T 3 ~17 ~ e-h 2 (or He) V(or G) 4 ~20.3 ~ e-h 2 (or He) V(or G) Ne T O 2 T Ar T Hg T H 2 O T Ga M In F Sn F Zn F Al F Ag F Au F Cu F (*1)All substances except 3He are of natural isotopic composition; e-h 2 is hydrogen at the equilibrium concentration of the ortho- and para-molecular forms. (*2)V: vapour pressure pont; T: triple point(temperature at which the solid, liquid, and vapour phases are in equilibrium); G: gas thermometer point; M,F: melting point, freezing point (temperature, at a pressure of Pa, at which the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium)
12 1-3. Required uncertainty in meteorological observation
13 Air temperature Achievable measurement uncertainty; 0.2 K <CIMO Guide>
14 1-4. Types of thermometer
15 Types of thermometer 1. Contact-type thermometer - Platinum resistance thermometer - Liquid in glass thermometer - Thermocouple etc. 2. Radiation thermometer These are mainly used for meteorological observation CHINO Corporation(Japan) CHINO Corporation(Japan
16 Platinum resistance thermometer Internal conductor connection
17 Platinum resistance thermometer Sheath (protective tube) Internal filler(mgo) V Resistance element(pt) Internal conductor constant-current power supply Example of the relationship between temperature and resistance
18 Liquid in glass thermometer Principle; Liquid in glass thermometers make use of the differential expansion of a pure liquid with respect to its glass container to indicate the Temperature. Precaution for use; If bubbles or breakage in the liquid column are found, repair is necessary. Check that the scale plate of a thermometer does not move, and that the scale mark has not disappeared.
19 Liquid in glass thermometer Caution for reading; The observer ensures that the straight line from his/her eye to the meniscus, or index.
20 1-5. Traceability and calibration methods in JMA
21 Traceability of Temperature (JMA) Measurement Jan by JMA standards traceable to JMA Working Field Instruments national standards National Metrology Institute of Japan Meteorological Instruments Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Temperature fixed points Indium point ( ) Mercury point ( ) 8344 ) Water triple point (0.01 ) resistor (100Ω) Calibration: every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point i tcell resistor Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 ) resistor(100ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Calibration :every year Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer Calibration : at the time of installation Calibration: every 5 years Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK)
22 Traceability of Temperature (JMA) Measurement Jan by JMA standards traceable to JMA Working Field Instruments national standards National Metrology Institute of Japan Meteorological Instruments Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Temperature fixed points Indium point ( ) Mercury point ( ) 8344 ) Water triple point (0.01 ) resistor (100Ω) Calibration: every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point i tcell resistor Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 ) resistor(100ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Calibration :every year Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer Calibration : at the time of installation Calibration: every 5 years Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK)
23 Traceability of Temperature (JMA) Measurement Jan by JMA standards traceable to JMA Working Field Instruments national standards National Metrology Institute of Japan Meteorological Instruments Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Temperature fixed points Indium point ( ) Mercury point ( ) 8344 ) Water triple point (0.01 ) resistor (100Ω) Calibration: every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point i tcell resistor Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 ) resistor(100ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Calibration :every year Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer Calibration : at the time of installation Calibration: every 5 years Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK)
24 Alternating current bridge (Working standard) Alternating current bridge (JMA standard) 100Ωstandard resistor Platinum resistance thermometer (Working standard) RS232C PC Platinum resistance thermometer (JMA standard) Stabilized power supply AC100V powersupply Liquid bath chamber or Ice point inspection box (only for 0 ) Liquid bath chamber Ice point inspection box
25 Traceability of Temperature (JMA) Measurement Jan by JMA standards traceable to JMA Working Field Instruments national standards National Metrology Institute of Japan Meteorological Instruments Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Temperature fixed points Indium point ( ) Mercury point ( ) 8344 ) Water triple point (0.01 ) resistor (100Ω) Calibration: every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point i tcell resistor Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 ) resistor(100ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Calibration :every year Uncertainty(95% level) 0<T<50 : ±0.036K036K T=0 : ±0.013K Platinum resistance -40<T<0 thermometer : ±0.045K TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer Calibration : at the time of installation Calibration: every 5 years Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK)
26 Traceability of Temperature (JMA) Measurement Jan by JMA standards traceable to JMA Working Field Instruments national standards National Metrology Institute of Japan Meteorological Instruments Center (JMA) Observatory (JMA) Temperature fixed points Indium point ( ) Mercury point ( ) 8344 ) Water triple point (0.01 ) resistor (100Ω) Calibration: every year NSR-160 every 2 years Water triple-point i tcell resistor Platinum resistance thermometer NSR-160 (Netsushin, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-600 (ASL, UK) Water triple-point cell (0.01 ) resistor(100ω) Check: every 6 months Using water triple-point cell Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK) Calibration :every year Platinum resistance thermometer TS-81A (Chino, Japan) Platinum resistance thermometer Calibration : at the time of installation Calibration: every 5 years Mercury-in-glass thermometer (psychrometer) Check: every 3 months (manned observatory) every year (automatic weather station) Tolerable range: ±0.4 Alternating current bridge F-250 (ASL, UK)
27 <Not 0 > <0 > Alternating current bridge (Working standard) Platinum resistance thermometer (Working standard) Platinum resistance thermometer or Mercury-in-glass thermometer (Field instruments) Liquid bath chamber Ice point inspection box
28 2. Calibration of thermometer (practice)
29 Today s practice 1. Calibration practice at 0 ( Ice point ) (Mr. NOMURA) 2. Calibration practice at 30 ( Liquid bath chamber) (Mr. NAKASHIMA) Participants are separated into 2 groups. Each group do two practice in turn.
30 Group A; Today s practice <Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal> 1. Calibration practice at 0 (Ice point) 2. Calibration practice at 30 (Liquid bath chamber) Group B; <Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, VietNam, China> 1. Calibration practice at 30 (Liquid bath chamber) 2. Calibration practice at 0 (Ice point
31 1. Calibration practice at 0 (Ice point) Calibrated items: Liquid-in-glass id i thermometer t : 3sets Goal: Estimate t instrumental t error at 0. Liquid-in-glass thermometer Box (Ice and water)
32 2. Calibration practice at 30 ( Liquid bath chamber) Calibrated items: Liquid-in-glass in thermometer : 1set Platinum resistance thermometer : 1set Goal: Estimate instrumental error and uncertainty at 30. Working standard Platinum resistance thermometer Liquid-in-glass thermometer Chamber
33 <Practice ce time>
34 Conditions (hypothesis) 1. Calibration method To compare working standard and instruments to be calibrated in chamber. Observer makes 5 times comparative reading. 2. Working standard (1) uncertainty of the working standard is 0.03 due to calibration certificate. (2) Minimum unit (resolution): Instruments to be calibrated Minimum i unit (resolution): 0.01 (Platinum resistance thermometer) 0.1 (Liquid-in-glass thermometer) 4. Chamber Distribution of temperature: ±0.03 (manufacture s specification)
35 List up of input quantities and possible sources which effect measurement results Reference standard (a-3) Uncertainty of reference standard (a-1) Variations in repeated observations (a-2) Instrument to be calibrated (b-1) Variations in repeated observations (b-2) Chamber (c-1) Distribution Fishbone diagram
36 Uncertainty estimate example: Liquid-in-glass thermometer; Minimum unit (resolution): 0.1 (Liquid-in-glass thermometer)
37 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) uncertainty Evaluation method?? Variation (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y)
38 1. Calibration method To compare working standard and instruments to be calibrated in chamber. Observer makes 5 times comparative reading.
39 (a-1),(b-1) Variations in repeated observations Calibration Point Time of The No. Readin g Budget Sheet value of reading [A] thermometer Correcti The value after on correction [B] [C]=[A]+[B] Calibrated thermometer The value of reading [D] Error [D]-[C] hh:mm : : : : : Average standard uncertainty
40 T (a-1) i is measured values obtained dfrom repeated observations Type A evaluation Average; T ( a 1) [ ] 5 Experimental standard deviation of the mean; uncertainty [ ] u T a ( 1)
41 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A??
42 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A
43 Budget Sheet Input quantities (a-1) Variation uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A (a-2)???? To be calibrated Chamber (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution
44 2. Working standard (2) Minimum unit (resolution): 0.01 Type B evaluation rectangular distribution d uncertainty t of T (a-2) ; u T [ ] T a 2
45 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B
46 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B ????
47 2. Working standard (1) d uncertainty t of the Working standard d is 0.03 due to calibration certificate. Normal distribution Type B evaluation uncertainty of T (a-3) ; 3σ 2σ σ μ +σ +2σ +3σ 0.03[ ] u T a 3
48 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B
49 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B ????
50 1. Calibration method To compare working standard and instruments to be calibrated in chamber. Observer makes 5 times comparative reading.
51 (a-1),(b-1) Variations in repeated observations Calibration Point Time of The No. Readin g Budget Sheet value of reading [A] thermometer Correcti The value after on correction [B] [C]=[A]+[B] Calibrated thermometer The value of reading [D] Error [D]-[C] hh:mm : : : : : Average standard uncertainty
52 T (a-1) i is measured values obtained dfrom repeated observations Type A evaluation Average; T ( b 1) 30.16[ ] 5 Experimental standard deviation of the mean; uncertainty [ ] u T b ( 1)
53 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A
54 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A ???? (c-1) Distribution
55 3. Instruments to be calibrated Minimum i unit (resolution): 0.1 (Liquid-in-glass thermometer) Type B evaluation rectangular distribution uncertainty of T (b-2) ; u (b-2); [ ] T b 2 3
56 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) (c-1) Distribution uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A Type-B
57 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A Type-B (c-1) Distribution????
58 4. Chamber Distribution ib ti of temperature: t ± (manufacture s specification) Type B evaluation rectangular distribution uncertainty of T (c-1) ; 0.03 (c-1); [ ] u T c 1 3
59 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A Type-B (c-1) Distribution Type-B
60 Budget Sheet Input quantities To be calibrated Chamber (a-1) Variation (a-2) (a-3) (b-1) Variation (b-2) uncertainty Evaluation method Sensitivity coefficients Contributi on to u(y) Type-A Type-B Type-B Type-A Type-B (c-1) Distribution Type-B
61 Combined standard uncertainty; u c y c u x i i
62 Reference temperature (A) ( C) Calibration result Calibrated indication temperature (B) ( C) Deviation Expanded (B) - (A) uncertainty ( C) ( C) Note; The reported expanded uncertainty is stated as the combined standard uncertainty multiplied by the coverage factor k = 2, which for a normal distribution corresponds to a coverage probability of approximately 95 %.
63 Calibration result Image Distribution of Calibrated Indication temperature Reference temperature %
64 List up of input quantities and possible sources which effect measurement results Reference standard (a-3) Uncertainty of reference standard (a-1) Variations in repeated observations (a-2) Instrument to be calibrated (b-1) Variations in repeated observations (b-2) Chamber (c-1) Distribution Fishbone diagram
65 List up of input quantities and possible sources which effect measurement results for more real estimation Reference standard (a-3) Uncertainty of reference standard Long term stability (a-1) Variations in repeated observations (a-2) Instrument to be calibrated Reproducibility (b-1) Variations in repeated observations (b-2) Stability Chamber (c-1) Distribution Fishbone diagram
66 Thank You! Mascot of JMA Harerun
Appendix I: Cryogenic Reference Tables
Appendix I: Cryogenic Reerence Tables Appendices 217 Appendix I: Cryogenic Reerence Tables Cryogenic heat low calculations The heat low Q conducted across small temperature dierences can be calculated
Measurement of Temperature
Chapter 2 Measurement of Temperature CONTENTS 2.1 Definition and units... 1 2.1.1 Definition of atmospheric temperature... 1 2.1.2 The international temperature scale... 2 2.2 Principles of Instruments...
15. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry
123 15. Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry Even though the liquid-in-glass thermometer is used much less frequently today than formerly, it is still a very commonly used device. Although it is normally an instrument
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Thermodynamics study and application of thermal energy temperature quantity
KALIBRERINGSBEVIS. 25 temperature loggers Ecoguard model TS-020000, identification se table of results.
utfärdat av riksmätplats 01 issued by a Swedish National Laboratory Contact person Lars-Erik Josefson 2014-03-27 1 (3) MTv4F006969-K01 Measurement Technology +46 10 516 54 56 larserik.josefson@sp.se EcoGuard
KINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS
KINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS 1. Basic ideas Kinetic theory based on experiments, which proved that a) matter contains particles and quite a lot of space between them b) these particles always move
Phys222 W11 Quiz 1: Chapters 19-21 Keys. Name:
Name:. In order for two objects to have the same temperature, they must a. be in thermal equilibrium.
Experiment 12E LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM OF WATER 1
Experiment 12E LIQUID-VAPOR EQUILIBRIUM OF WATER 1 FV 6/26/13 MATERIALS: PURPOSE: 1000 ml tall-form beaker, 10 ml graduated cylinder, -10 to 110 o C thermometer, thermometer clamp, plastic pipet, long
Evolution of the Thermometer
Evolution of the Thermometer A thermometer is a device that gauges temperature by measuring a temperature-dependent property, such as the expansion of a liquid in a sealed tube. The Greco-Roman physician
CALIBRATION OF A THERMISTOR THERMOMETER (version = fall 2001)
CALIBRATION OF A THERMISTOR THERMOMETER (version = fall 2001) I. Introduction Calibration experiments or procedures are fairly common in laboratory work which involves any type of instrumentation. Calibration
Galvanic cell and Nernst equation
Galvanic cell and Nernst equation Galvanic cell Some times called Voltaic cell Spontaneous reaction redox reaction is used to provide a voltage and an electron flow through some electrical circuit When
Environment-Laboratory Ambient Conditions
ISSUE 3.0: MADE MINOR CLARIFICATION CHANGES. FOR CLIENT LABS Purpose To assure laboratory conditions are stable during the performance of testing and data collection. Why this requirement is important?
7. 1.00 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg = 101.325 kpa = 14.70 psi. = 0.446 atm. = 0.993 atm. = 107 kpa 760 torr 1 atm 760 mm Hg = 790.
CHATER 3. The atmosphere is a homogeneous mixture (a solution) of gases.. Solids and liquids have essentially fixed volumes and are not able to be compressed easily. have volumes that depend on their conditions,
Osamu Ijima. Radiation Section, Atmospheric Environment Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Osamu Ijima Radiation Section, Atmospheric Environment Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Oct. 2010, IPC-XI, Davos, Switzerland 1 RRC Regional Association
Chemistry 212 VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Chemistry 212 VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER LEARNING OBJECTIVES The learning objectives of this experiment are to explore the relationship between the temperature and vapor pressure of water. determine the molar
Laboratory Exercise: Calibration of a Thermometer
CHEM 109 Introduction themistry Revision 3.1 Laboratory Exercise: Calibration of a Thermometer In this exercise we will calibrate a stem-type thermometer and then use it to correctly measure the Air temperature
Case study Realistic and best uncertainties with humidity instruments
Case study Realistic and best uncertainties with humidity instruments Domen Hudoklin September 2014 Brdo, Slovenia Humidity calibrations Dewpoint primary - against dewpoint generator secondary - against
1. The Determination of Boiling Point
1. The Determination of Boiling Point Objective In this experiment, you will first check your thermometer for errors by determining the temperature of two stable equilibrium systems. You will then use
Chapter 12 - Liquids and Solids
Chapter 12 - Liquids and Solids 12-1 Liquids I. Properties of Liquids and the Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Fluids 1. Substances that can flow and therefore take the shape of their container B. Relative
= 1.038 atm. 760 mm Hg. = 0.989 atm. d. 767 torr = 767 mm Hg. = 1.01 atm
Chapter 13 Gases 1. Solids and liquids have essentially fixed volumes and are not able to be compressed easily. Gases have volumes that depend on their conditions, and can be compressed or expanded by
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below.
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW 1. A weather instrument is shown below. Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? 1) wind speed 3) cloud cover 2) precipitation 4) air pressure 2. Which weather station
Physics, Chapter 14: Temperature
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Robert Katz Publications Research Papers in Physics and Astronomy 1-1-1958 Physics, Chapter 14: Temperature Henry Semat
A R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Volume 56 2011 Issue 2 DOI: 10.2478/v10172-011-0034-8
A R C H I V E S O F M E T A L L U R G Y A N D M A T E R I A L S Volume 56 2011 Issue 2 DOI: 10.2478/v10172-011-0034-8 G. WNUK EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMODYNAMICS OF THE Cu-Ni-Sn- LIQUID ALLOYS BADANIA
Chapter Outline. 3 Elements and Compounds. Elements and Atoms. Elements. Elements. Elements 9/4/2013
3 Elements and Compounds Chapter Outline 3.1 Elements A. Distribution of Elements Foundations of College Chemistry, 14 th Ed. Morris Hein and Susan Arena Copyright This reclining Buddha in Thailand is
Triple Point Experiment
Equipment List Rotary vane vacuum pump 2-stage, 2 to 7 CFM. For example, Edwards 2M2 (2 CFM), Edwards RV5 (3.5 CFM), Edwards E2M8 (6.7 CFM) or equivalent. Bell jar Nalgene polycarbonate plastic, 5-5/8
GMP 11. Good Measurement Practice for Assignment and Adjustment of Calibration Intervals for Laboratory Standards
March 2003 GMP 11 Good Measurement Practice for Assignment and Adjustment of Calibration Intervals for Laboratory Standards 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose Measurement processes are dynamic systems and often
13.1 The Nature of Gases. What is Kinetic Theory? Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases. Chapter 13: States of Matter. Principles of Kinetic Theory
Chapter 13: States of Matter The Nature of Gases The Nature of Gases kinetic molecular theory (KMT), gas pressure (pascal, atmosphere, mm Hg), kinetic energy The Nature of Liquids vaporization, evaporation,
CHAPTER 14 THE CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION
CHAPTER 4 THE CAUIU-CAPEYRON EQUATION Before starting this chapter, it would probably be a good idea to re-read ections 9. and 9.3 of Chapter 9. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the latent heat
PSAC/SAIT Well Testing Training Program Learning Outcomes/Objectives Level B
s/objectives Level B CHEM 6014: Properties and Characteristics of Natural Gases Discuss the pertinent properties and uses of natural gases as they occur in gas processing. 1. Describe the physical properties
UNIT (2) ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
UNIT (2) ATOMS AND ELEMENTS 2.1 Elements An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances. Each element is represented by an abbreviation called
Precise temperature measurement above 1000 C using thermocouples
Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Eng., 2007, 13, 4, 310 319 Precise temperature measurement above 1000 C using thermocouples Frank Edler Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, D-10587
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Why? Chemists are concerned with mass relationships in chemical reactions, usually run on a macroscopic scale (grams, kilograms, etc.). To deal with
Climate Prediction Division(CPD) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Kazuyoshi YOSHIMATSU Email: climatemonitor@met.kishou.go.jp
Climate Prediction Division(CPD) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Kazuyoshi YOSHIMATSU Email: climatemonitor@met.kishou.go.jp Contents Situation of received CLIAMT reports from JMA s responsible area
LARGE MEASUREMENT RANGE MECHANICAL COMPARATOR FOR CALIBRATION OF LONG GAUGE BLOCKS
XVII IMEKO World Congress Metrology in the 3rd Millennium June 22 27, 2003, Dubrovnik, Croatia LARGE MEASUREMENT RANGE MECHANICAL COMPARATOR FOR CALIBRATION OF LONG GAUGE BLOCKS Tanfer Yandayan TUBITAK-Ulusal
A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension
A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives Have a working knowledge of the basic
Final Exam CHM 3410, Dr. Mebel, Fall 2005
Final Exam CHM 3410, Dr. Mebel, Fall 2005 1. At -31.2 C, pure propane and n-butane have vapor pressures of 1200 and 200 Torr, respectively. (a) Calculate the mole fraction of propane in the liquid mixture
We will study the temperature-pressure diagram of nitrogen, in particular the triple point.
K4. Triple Point of Nitrogen I. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT We will study the temperature-pressure diagram of nitrogen, in particular the triple point. II. BAKGROUND THOERY States of matter Matter is made
vap H = RT 1T 2 = 30.850 kj mol 1 100 kpa = 341 K
Thermodynamics: Examples for chapter 6. 1. The boiling point of hexane at 1 atm is 68.7 C. What is the boiling point at 1 bar? The vapor pressure of hexane at 49.6 C is 53.32 kpa. Assume that the vapor
STANDARD OPERATING GUIDELINES: EVIDENTIAL BREATH ALCOHOL INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
Directive from the Scientific Director Page 1 of 16 STANDARD OPERATING GUIDELINES: EVIDENTIAL BREATH ALCOHOL INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION 1 Scope To describe the procedure for breath alcohol instrument calibration
FederalDemocratic RepublicofEthiopia
FederalDemocratic RepublicofEthiopia EDICTOFGOVERNMENT± Inordertopromotepubliceducationandpublicsafety, equaljusticeforal,abeterinformedcitizenry,therule oflaw,worldtradeandworldpeace,thislegaldocumentis
Thermodynamics AP Physics B. Multiple Choice Questions
Thermodynamics AP Physics B Name Multiple Choice Questions 1. What is the name of the following statement: When two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium
Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389)
13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains how temperature
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The First aw of Thermodynamics Q and W are process (path)-dependent. (Q W) = E int is independent of the process. E int = E int,f E int,i = Q W (first law) Q: + heat into the system; heat lost from the
THE WATER TRIPLE POINT CELL AN OPTIMAL REALIZATION
THE WATER TRIPLE POINT CELL AN OPTIMAL REALIZATION John P. Tavener Managing Director Isothermal Technology Limited, England Tel: +44 (0)1704 543830 E-mail: info@isotech.co.uk The Northern Temperature Primary
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat What are temperature and heat? Are they the same? What causes heat? What Is Temperature? How do we measure temperature? What are we actually measuring? Temperature and Its
10 The Mole. Section 10.1 Measuring Matter
Name Date Class The Mole Section.1 Measuring Matter In your textbook, read about counting particles. In Column B, rank the quantities from Column A from smallest to largest. Column A Column B 0.5 mol 1.
Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.
Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: States of Matter In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. The kinetic-molecular
ASTM Certified Glass Thermometers
ASTM Certified Glass 8 Basic Unit Meets Strict Guidelines of the ASTM Provides Highly Accurate and Reproducible Measurements Variety of ASTM Applications Yellow Back with Permanent Markings for High Visibility
ES 106 Laboratory # 2 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
ES 106 Laboratory # 2 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Introduction Heat transfer is the movement of heat energy from one place to another. Heat energy can be transferred by three different mechanisms: convection,
Test 5 Review questions. 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will
Name: Thursday, December 13, 2007 Test 5 Review questions 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will 1. decrease 2. increase 3. remain the same 2. The graph below
IDEAL AND NON-IDEAL GASES
2/2016 ideal gas 1/8 IDEAL AND NON-IDEAL GASES PURPOSE: To measure how the pressure of a low-density gas varies with temperature, to determine the absolute zero of temperature by making a linear fit to
جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية
AlBalqa Applied University تا سست عام 997 The curriculum of associate degree in Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Heating Systems consists of (7 credit hours) as follows: Serial No. Requirements First
JICA Training Course Plant Variety Protection course
Session 4: DUS Training provided by members of the Union DUS Training organized by Japan Tsukasa KAWAKAMI Intellectual Property Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Japan 1
VAPOR PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. This laboratory covers material presented in section 11.8 of the 9 th Ed. of the Chang text.
VAPOR PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE Objectives: (1) Observe and measure the change in the vapor pressure (dependent variable) as a function of temperature (independent variable). (2) Analyze the
The Composition of Metals and Alloys
1 The Composition of Metals and Alloys Metals are shiny, malleable substances that conduct heat and electricity. They comprise the larest class of elements in the Periodic Table. All metals except mercury
Objectives 200 CHAPTER 4 RESISTANCE
Objectives Explain the differences among conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Define electrical resistance. Solve problems using resistance, voltage, and current. Describe a material that obeys
3M CORPORATE METROLOGY SERVICES St. Paul, MN
A2LA has accredited THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ACCREDITATION ACCREDITED LABORATORY 3M CORPORATE METROLOGY SERVICES St. Paul, MN for technical competence in the field of Calibration This laboratory
Calorimetry: Heat of Vaporization
Calorimetry: Heat of Vaporization OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION - Learn what is meant by the heat of vaporization of a liquid or solid. - Discuss the connection between heat of vaporization and intermolecular
CHAPTER 2: LIQUID VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT
CHAPTER 2: LIQUID VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT Objective Calculate viscosity (dynamic or absolute, and kinematic) and determine how this property varies with changes in temperature for a constant-composition
Chem 112 Intermolecular Forces Chang From the book (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,84,92,94,102,104, 108, 112, 114, 118 and 134)
Chem 112 Intermolecular Forces Chang From the book (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,84,92,94,102,104, 108, 112, 114, 118 and 134) 1. Helium atoms do not combine to form He 2 molecules, What is the strongest attractive
FXA 2008. Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ
UNIT G484 Module 3 4.3.3 Thermal Properties of Materials 1 Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ The MASS (m) of
Review - After School Matter Name: Review - After School Matter Tuesday, April 29, 2008
Name: Review - After School Matter Tuesday, April 29, 2008 1. Figure 1 The graph represents the relationship between temperature and time as heat was added uniformly to a substance starting at a solid
62 Max/62 Max + Infrared Thermometer
Infrared Thermometer Introduction The Fluke 62 MAX and 62 MAX + Infrared Thermometers (the Product) can determine the surface temperature by measurement of the infrared energy radiated from the target
MEDEA: Metrology Enabling Developing Economies in Asia. Training Course on the Verification of Fuel Dispensers
MEDEA: Metrology Enabling Developing Economies in Asia Training Course on the Verification of Fuel Dispensers 11 to 13 July 2016 in Pattaya City, Thailand Introduction Accurate measurement of fuel dispensers
Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reactions Test Pre-AP Write all answers on your answer document.
Name: Period: Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reactions Test Pre-AP Write all answers on your answer document. 1. Which of the following is a NOT a physical property of hydrogen? A. It is gas C. It is
μ α =μ β = μ γ = =μ ω μ α =μ β =μ γ = =μ ω Thus for c components, the number of additional constraints is c(p 1) ( ) ( )
Phase Diagrams 1 Gibbs Phase Rule The Gibbs phase rule describes the degrees of freedom available to describe a particular system with various phases and substances. To derive the phase rule, let us begin
Name: Class: Date: 10. Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other substances absorb.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A PS Chapter 13 Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. In all cooling
191: Calibration and Standards in Flow Measurement. Richard Paton National Engineering Laboratory, Scotland, UK 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
191: Calibration and Standards in Measurement Richard Paton National Engineering Laboratory, Scotland, UK 1 General Principles 1 2 Gravimetric Calibration of Liquid meters 2 3 Volumetric Calibration of
B) atomic number C) both the solid and the liquid phase D) Au C) Sn, Si, C A) metal C) O, S, Se C) In D) tin D) methane D) bismuth B) Group 2 metal
1. The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing A) atomic mass B) atomic number C) molar mass D) oxidation number 2. Which list of elements consists of a metal, a metalloid, and
Physics Notes Class 11 CHAPTER 2 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
1 P a g e Physics Notes Class 11 CHAPTER 2 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS The comparison of any physical quantity with its standard unit is called measurement. Physical Quantities All the quantities in terms of
Physical Chemistry Laboratory I CHEM 445 Experiment 6 Vapor Pressure of a Pure Liquid (Revised, 01/09/06)
1 Physical Chemistry Laboratory I CHEM 445 Experiment 6 Vapor Pressure of a Pure Liquid (Revised, 01/09/06) The vapor pressure of a pure liquid is an intensive property of the compound. That is, the vapor
5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C
1. The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when 1) H 2 O(s) changes to H 2 O( ) at 0ºC 3) H 2 O( ) at 10ºC changes to H 2 O( ) at 20ºC 2) H 2 O( ) changes to H 2 O(s) at 0ºC 4) H 2 O( )
Chapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.
Determining Measurement Uncertainty for Dimensional Measurements
Determining Measurement Uncertainty for Dimensional Measurements The purpose of any measurement activity is to determine or quantify the size, location or amount of an object, substance or physical parameter
Gases and Kinetic-Molecular Theory: Chapter 12. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline
Gases and Kinetic-Molecular heory: Chapter Chapter Outline Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Composition of the Atmosphere and Some Common Properties of Gases Pressure Boyle s Law: he Volume-Pressure
Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods
Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods 1.1 The Discovery Process o Chemistry - The study of matter o Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space, the stuff that things are made of. This
Multi-elemental determination of gasoline using Agilent 5100 ICP-OES with oxygen injection and a temperature controlled spray chamber
Multi-elemental determination of gasoline using Agilent 5100 ICP-OES with oxygen injection and a temperature controlled spray chamber Application note Energy & chemicals, petrochemicals Authors Elizabeth
Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Index of Refraction
Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Index of Refraction Melting points, boiling points, and index of refractions are easily measured physical properties of organic compounds useful in product characterization
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM NAGAR KATTANKULATHUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM NAGAR KATTANKULATHUR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT QUESTION BANK UNIT I CONCEPT OF MEASUREMENT 1. What are the uses
TEMPERATURE 2008, 2004, 1990 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved.
TEMPERATURE 2008, 2004, 10 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Ancient people were physically aware of hot and cold and probably related temperature by the
Materials 10-mL graduated cylinder l or 2-L beaker, preferably tall-form Thermometer
VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER Introduction At very low temperatures (temperatures near the freezing point), the rate of evaporation of water (or any liquid) is negligible. But as its temperature increases, more
Experiment 446.1 SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUIDS. Experiment 1, page 1 Version of June 17, 2016
Experiment 1, page 1 Version of June 17, 2016 Experiment 446.1 SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUIDS Theory To create a surface requires work that changes the Gibbs energy, G, of a thermodynamic system. dg = SdT
4 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
172 4 Thermomechanical Analysis 4 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) 4.1 Principles of TMA 4.1.1 Introduction A dilatometer is used to determine the linear thermal expansion of a solid as a function of temperature.
UNCERTAINTY AND CONFIDENCE IN MEASUREMENT
Ελληνικό Στατιστικό Ινστιτούτο Πρακτικά 8 ου Πανελληνίου Συνεδρίου Στατιστικής (2005) σελ.44-449 UNCERTAINTY AND CONFIDENCE IN MEASUREMENT Ioannis Kechagioglou Dept. of Applied Informatics, University
RESULTS OF ICARUS 9 EXPERIMENTS RUN AT IMRA EUROPE
Roulette, T., J. Roulette, and S. Pons. Results of ICARUS 9 Experiments Run at IMRA Europe. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido,
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
92 Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education In eight economies in the region including a number from the Pacific, total net enrollment ratios in primary education are below 80%. Eleven economies including
Chemistry 13: States of Matter
Chemistry 13: States of Matter Name: Period: Date: Chemistry Content Standard: Gases and Their Properties The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and explains the properties
Thermodynamics. Chapter 13 Phase Diagrams. NC State University
Thermodynamics Chapter 13 Phase Diagrams NC State University Pressure (atm) Definition of a phase diagram A phase diagram is a representation of the states of matter, solid, liquid, or gas as a function
Heat Transfer and Energy
What is Heat? Heat Transfer and Energy Heat is Energy in Transit. Recall the First law from Thermodynamics. U = Q - W What did we mean by all the terms? What is U? What is Q? What is W? What is Heat Transfer?
Basic RTD Measurements. Basics of Resistance Temperature Detectors
Basic RTD Measurements Basics of Resistance Temperature Detectors Platinum RTD resistances range from about 10 O for a birdcage configuration to 10k O for a film type, but the most common is 100 O at 0
Paper Chromatography: Separation and Identification of Five Metal Cations
Paper Chromatography: Separation and Identification of Five Metal Cations Objectives Known and unknown solutions of the metal ions Ag +, Fe 3+, Co 2+, Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ will be analyzed using paper chromatography.
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat 1. The temperature of a substance is A. proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. B. equal to the kinetic energy of the fastest moving
What s in a Mole? Molar Mass
LESSON 10 What s in a Mole? Molar Mass OVERVIEW Key Ideas Lesson Type Lab: Groups of 4 Chemists compare moles of substances rather than masses because moles are a way of counting atoms. When considering
Kinetic Theory of Gases. 6.1 Properties of Gases 6.2 Gas Pressure. Properties That Describe a Gas. Gas Pressure. Learning Check.
Chapter 6 Gases Kinetic Theory of Gases 6.1 Properties of Gases 6.2 Gas Pressure A gas consists of small particles that move rapidly in straight lines. have essentially no attractive (or repulsive) forces.
Chapter 8. Phase Diagrams
Phase Diagrams A phase in a material is a region that differ in its microstructure and or composition from another region Al Al 2 CuMg H 2 O(solid, ice) in H 2 O (liquid) 2 phases homogeneous in crystal
CHEM 36 General Chemistry EXAM #1 February 13, 2002
CHEM 36 General Chemistry EXAM #1 February 13, 2002 Name: Serkey, Anne INSTRUCTIONS: Read through the entire exam before you begin. Answer all of the questions. For questions involving calculations, show
Fluid Mechanics: Static s Kinematics Dynamics Fluid
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid mechanics may be defined as that branch of engineering science that deals with the behavior of fluid under the condition of rest and motion Fluid mechanics may be divided into three
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Sample Mid-Term 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period A) is quartered.
ENTHALPY CHANGES FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION scaling a rxn up or down (proportionality) quantity 1 from rxn heat 1 from Δ r H. = 32.
CHEMISTRY 103 Help Sheet #10 Chapter 4 (Part II); Sections 4.6-4.10 Do the topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Nuggets: Enthalpy
Bomb Calorimetry. Electrical leads. Stirrer
Bomb Calorimetry Stirrer Electrical leads Oxygen inlet valve Bomb Fuse Calorimeter Outer jacket Not shown: heating and cooling system for outer jacket, and controls that keep the outer jacket at the same