Outlook on the Power to Gas Research Roadmap. Robert Judd GERG The European Gas Research Group

Transcription

1 Outlook on the Power to Gas Research Roadmap Robert Judd The European Gas Research Group

2 A Roadmap?! Where are we now and where do want to get to?! Where are the gaps and can they be filled?! What are the alterna=ve routes to our des=na=on?! What are costs?! Are there any barriers?! How long will it take? Can we get there in =me? 2

3 Where are we now?! Mature natural gas grids carry much more energy than electricity grids, and extra capacity is already available.! In the UK the gas network carries three =mes as much energy as the electricity grid, comparable with energy consumed by road transport! End use of gas can be over 90% efficient with low transmission losses Electricity Natural gas Consump7on TWh /a The German Energy Average power GW system Storage capacity TWh Cal. opera7ng range h

4 Where are we now? Wind Power production vola7le increasing maximum power grid capacity more wind power than power network capacity 4

5 Where do we want to be?! An efficient use of all energy resources! Maximised efficiency of renewables! A flexible, secure, compe==ve energy supply system! A low carbon energy system! An integrated SMART Energy System! Minimum cost for the the energy transforma=on!! A long term hydrogen based energy system? 5

6 R&D Context 2010 EC Strategic Energy Technology Plan! The SET Plan recognises the need for ini=a=ves on: > CCS > Fuels Cells and Hydrogen > Solar, Wind, Nuclear > Energy Efficiency > Bioenergy > Improvement of the electricity grid The role of other gas technologies is not so clear 6

7 What are the alterna=ves for maximising renewables integra=on?! Hydrogen produc=on and energy storage by injec=on in the exis)ng natural gas grid! Hydrogen produc=on followed by methana=on and injec=on into the exis)ng natural gas grid! Extensive reinforcement of the electricity grid! Development of cost effec=ve electricity storage 7

8 What are the gaps and barriers! Is the gas network able to cope with hydrogen! What are the limits?! Are there any showstoppers?! What about end users, power genera=on?! Regula=on?! 8

9 What are the gaps and barriers! Is the gas network able to cope with hydrogen! What are the limits?! Are there any showstoppers?! What about end users, power genera=on?! Regula=on?! Can we fill these gaps in =me? 9

10 Challenges and Boalenecks for hydrogen injec=on! Is all storage hydrogen ready?! Modern gas turbines with pre- mixed burners! Steel tanks in NGVs! The exis=ng appliance popula=on. Engines?! Electrolyser scale and costs! What are the limits?! What needs to be done?! What technology advances need to be supported?! What are the economics for the compe=ng routes?!.the Power to Gas Research roadmap 10

11 Hydrogen, fuel of the future? Towns gas produced from coal, 1815! Our gas infrastructure was designed to transport and use hydrogen blends and did so for over 150 years! Hydrogen content up to 63%! Since the introduc=on of natural gas, the network and applica=ons have been developed for an assumed hydrogen concentra=on close to 0%.! Towns gas is s=ll produced for domes=c use in ci=es such as Hong Kong and Singapore, using natural gas as a source 11

12 Hydrogen in Pipelines Annual balance (UK): If renewables were 20% of current electricity generation And all this energy is converted to hydrogen at 100% efficiency This would equate to 15 % of total gas transmission volume or 5% of the transmitted energy Local balance: Example alpha ventus: Conversion of the entire power production (60 MW at peak) would lead to a flow of H 2 m³/h Injection into a large transmission pipeline (entry cap: 3.3 mcm) would create a 0.4% content of H 2 But - Injection into a distribution pipeline at low demand would have more issues

13 Hydrogen Projects Hydrogen in the Natural Gas Grid Domestic and commercial appliances and distribution grids Admissible Hydrogen A DomHydro (running) B Hygrid C SMARTSim D Power to Gas Plakorms Concentra=on in Natural gas systems Coordination of program DVGW/GWI ERG E.ON GL (UK) KIWA Common publication Part 1 : Basics, Theory and Lab inves=ga=on Part 2: Injec=on of H 2 Planning, Installa=on, opera=on of injec=on site Field tests up to 10%: compila=on of appliances and components, measurement evalua=on Coopera=on and Monitoring partners of Project of PC D running E.ON Project North Sea Power to Gas Mediterranean Power to Gas (Establishing scenarios for priority inves=ga=on) (DNV KEMA) Establishing and analysing the level of exis=ng knowledge 34 and non- partners Reports in June 2013 Managed.: KIWA, Managed.: E.ON

14 Admissable Concentra=ons of Hydrogen in Pipelines : 34 members Formal H 2 constraints from manufactures (e.g. CNG tanks, gas turbines, engines) 2% limit on old CNG tanks, 1-5% for turbines rate of change is an issue Some underground storage may be sensi7ve to H 2 (R&D necessary) Further understanding of appliances under extreme condi7ons Project is providing a gap analysis of current constraints on introduc7on of hydrogen into natural gas pipelines A hydrogen methane mixture (up to 15% H 2 ) meets all significant quality requirements for natural gas (technical code DVGW) In UK 0.1% H2 is outside allowed GSMR limit Followsfrom EU FP6 NATURALHY project () 14

15 Economic Considera=ons Electrolysis for H 2 production is key ITM Power s Hfuel electrolyser Essential parameters: known technology; flexibility to be op7mised for greater economic viability to be placed at strategic loca7ons in the grid But where are these loca7ons? Ul7mately more affordable than electricity grid expansions - if exis7ng infrastructure is used costs of electrolyser costs of electricity number of opera7ng hours benefit through avoided power grid extension Costs of making gas network hydrogen ready vs cost of methana7on 15

16 Alterna=ve routes: Methana=on! CO 2 re- use ideally coupled with biomethane plant (Audi e- gas)! Process integra=on needed! Biocatalyst developments 16

17 Regulatory Considera=ons Only elements of the Power- to- Gas value proposi=on that could be mone=zed today are the energy content of the gas produced and seasonal storage (Source: Hydrogenics) Integrate Renewables Renewable Gas Load- Following Renewables Surplus RE Energy Content Hydrogen SNG ü Relieve Conges7on + Defer Tx Capex Conversion by Electrolysis Seasonal Storage ü GHG Abatement Renewable H2 Renewable Gas 17

18 R&D Requirements! A Europe wide energy system model which incorporates the natural gas infrastructure as a key element! SMART Grid concepts should incorporate gas genera=on, transport, storage and use! R&D provisions to reduce the cost and improve efficiency of peak and flexible power provision! Support for injec=on of renewable gases standards and low cost technology (supported by posi=ve regulatory messages)! Op=ons assessments and demonstra=ons of power to gas hydrogen and methanisa=on, electrolysis.! Making the natural gas network H 2 ready Power to Gas and repurposing for the future! Make appliances, turbines, etc H 2 ready beyond GasQual and NaturalHy! Invest in advanced end use technology and hybrid systems for end use efficiency gains! EU and Interna=onal Government support 18

19 The Road? Smart energy grids Low cost electrolysis hydrogen and renewable gas distribu7on Power to Gas Fuel cells and hydrogen infrastructure Renewable gas Increasing renewables integra7on 19

20 Thank you for listening! 20

21 Domhydro: project outline Project objec=ve: to gather insight in performance, emissions and safety of domes=c gas appliances when hydrogen is mixed in natural gas 100 Project scope: new and exis=ng domes=c appliances GAD appliances 50 different H 2 / natural gas mixtures 40 Project goal: reliable opera=on, emissions, efficiency extreme prac=cal condi=ons to be addressed durability tests to contribute to the prepara=on of future decisions concerning technical limits to the hydrogen content in natural gas Thermal Efficiency (%) Erdgas H G20 95% G20 5% H2 ηtherm full load 90% G20 10% H2 85% G20 15% H2 ηtherm partial load 80% G20 20% H2 λ full load G222 70% G20 30% H2 λ partial load G21 G ,9 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 1 Air Factor