Environmental Plant Physiology Introduction. K. Raja Reddy
|
|
|
- Penelope Hunt
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Environmental Plant Physiology Introduction K. Raja Reddy
2 Personal - Family
3 Personal - Education Education: Ph.D. in Botany with Applied Plant Physiology as a major Research areas: Environmental plant physiology including global change, crop modeling, remote sensing. Years at MSU: 21 Taught the course since: 2
4 Trends That Shape Our Future
5 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Past, Present and Future World Population World Population Population in Billions Year
6 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Present and Future World Population Trends % 1% 5% 12% 2, Population, millions ,52 1,437 1,31 1,87 1, ,941-5% 42% 39% Asia China India Africa Europe Latin Oceania America (less China and India) North America
7 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Maize - Production and Yield Selected Countries 5 45 Year 24, Area = Mha, Production = MMt USA China Brazil Mexico France India Romania Argentina Indonesia Nigeria South Africa Maize production area, % Maize production, % 1 Area Production
8 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Maize - Production and Yield Selected Countries 12 1 Yield USA: 114 kg yr -1 China: 1 kg yr -1 Brazil: 47 kg yr -1 Production USA: 3.9 MMt yr -1 China: 2.77 MMt yr -1 Brazil: MMt yr -1 P= 67%, and A= 46% 35 3 Maize yield, kg ha USA China USA China Maize production, MMt 2 Brazil Brazil Year Year
9 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Wheat - Production and Yield Selected Countries Area Production Year 24 Year 24, Area = Mha, Production = MMt 2 15 China India USA Russian Fed. France Germany Canada Australia Turkey Ukraine Pakistan Argentina Kazakhstan Wheat production area, % Wheat production, % 1 5
10 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Wheat - Production and Yield Selected Countries Yield China: 88kg yr -1 India: 5 kg yr -1 China Production USA: 26 kg yr -1 China: 2.42 MMt yr -1 USA: 1.62 MMt yr -1 India: MMt yr Wheat yield, kg ha USA India China USA Wheat production, MMt 1 5 India Year Year
11 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Rice - Production and Yield Selected Countries 35 Year 24, Area = Mha, Production = 65.8 MMt Area Production 3 25 USA Japan Brazil Philippines Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Bangladesh Indonesia India China Rice production area, % Rice production, %
12 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Rice - Production and Yield Selected Countries Rice yield, kg ha Yield China: 12 kg yr -1 Indonesia: 77 kg yr -1 India: 42 kg yr -1 China Indonesia India Production China: 2.98 MMt yr -1 India: 2.15 MMt yr -1 Indonesia: 1.12 MMt yr -1 China India Indonesia Rice production, MMt Year P= 6%, and A= 55% Year
13 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Soybean - Production and Yield Selected Countries Year 24, Area = Mha, Production = 24.3 MMt Area Production 1 8 USA Brazil Argentina China India Paraguay Canada Bolivia Indonesia Italy Soybean production area, Mha Soybean production, MMt 6 4 2
14 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Soybean - Production and Yield Selected Countries Soybean yield, kg ha Yield USA: 26kg yr -1 Brazil: 37 kg yr -1 China: 26 kg yr -1 USA Brazil China Production USA: 1.35 MMt yr -1 MMt yr -1 China: MMt yr -1 USA Brazil Soybean production, MMt 1 China Year Year
15 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Cotton - Production and Yield Selected Countries Seed cotton yield, kg ha Yield China: 58 kg yr -1 USA: 16 kg yr -1 India: kg yr -1 China USA Production China: MMt yr -1 USA: MMt yr -1 India: MMt yr -1 China USA Cotton production, MMt 1 5 India India Year Year
16 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Global Major Foods Meat and Poultry Production Meat and Poultry Production Meat and Poultry Production Relative Trends Meat and Poultry production, million t Poultry Meat Year Meat and Poultry production trends,1961 = to 27: Million t Poultry = 9 and 87 Meat = 71 and 286 Poultry Meat Year
17 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Global Major Foods Per Capita Consumption 45 4 Vegetables = 3.21 lb/year Consumtion, lb/person Selected fruits = 1.95 lb/year Meat and Poultry =.65 lb/year 15 Flour and Cereals = 2.7 lb/year Year
18 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Cropland area, Irrigation and Salinization Percentage change from Year 1985 to 2 Cropland area Irrigated area Salinized area Mha China (22%) 7-8 (14%) India (31%) 1-3 (5%) USA (13%) (15%) USSR (2%) (21%) World (21%) (37%) S.G. Pritchard and J. S. Amthor, 25
19 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Management Practices 4. Crop rotations Morrow plots: East-central Illinois 4 Fertility management Sanborn Field: Central Missouri Soil organic carbon (%) Soil organic carbon (%) Estimated to 4% in 1888 Wagner, (1989) Corn-oats-hay rotation Corn-oats ( ), Corn-soybeans ( ) Continuous corn Year Reicosky et al. 2 Wheat, 6 Tons Manure/year Corn, 6 Tons Manure/year Continuous Wheat Continuous Corn Year
20 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Population, cereal yield, arable and irrigated area, N use 5 5 Relative valuses (1961=1) Cereal yield Arable land area Irrigated land area Population Fertilizer use 2 values are: Cereal yield = 2.25 Arable area = 1.9 Irrigated area = 1.98 Population = 1.97 Fertilizer use = Year
21 Feeding 1 Billion Mouths We must develop the capacity to feed 1 billion people within in the next 4 to 5 years. The average world current cereal yield is about 3 tons per ha for about 6.4 billion people. We need about 4 tons per ha for 8 billion (33 % more than the current), and 5 tons per ha for 1 billion (67 % more than the current).
22 Routes to Greater Food Production Increase in the area of land under cultivation. Increase in the number of crops per hectare per year (mostly practiced in tropics, requires access to irrigation, high input use, short season cultivars, and others such as labor, pest and disease control may be a problem). Displacement of lower yielding crops by higher yielding ones (done since the dawn of domestication). Efficiency of crop production in terms of: Per unit of land area (yield per ha) Per unit of time Per unit of inputs such as fertilizers, water and labor etc.
23 Here comes the greatest challenge of our time, The Global Climate Change
24 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O etc.) Temperatures Glaciers, oceans and sea-levels Precipitation patterns and drought intensities Extreme events Higher ozone and UV-B radiations
25 Global Warming and the Ozone Story Global Warming Process Ozone Depleting Process CFCs are commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and foam blowing agents. The most common CFCs are CFC-11, CFC- 12, CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115.
26 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Past and Current Levels in GHG Concentrations, Rates of Change and Atmospheric Lifetime Period Pre-industrial concentration (185) Global warming gases Ozone depleting chemicals CO 2 about 28 ppm Methane about 7 ppb Nitrous oxide about 27 ppb CFC-11 HFC-23 Perfluromethane 4 ppt Current Concentration in ppm 1857 ppb 321 ppb 244 ppt 18 ppt 74 ppt Rate of change 1.43 ppm/yr 7. ppb/yr.8 ppb/yr -1.4 ppt/yr.55 ppt/yr 1 ppt/yr Atmospheric lifetime 5 to 2 years 12 years 114 years 45 years 26 Years >5, years
27 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Future trends in global carbon dioxide concentration and associated climate change, if no interventions are made Climate variable Carbon dioxide concentration ppm ppm ppm Global mean temperature change from the year o C o C o C Global mean sealevel rise from the year cm 5-32 cm cm
28 4 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Spatial and temporal trends in climate Temperature, C Hyderabad, India Phoenix, AZ, USA Maros Indonesia 5 Stoneville, MS, USA Day of the Year
29 Trends, Signs and Signatures from the Earth Present and Projected Temperature Changes 5 4 Temperature, o C Hyderabad Stoneville, MS Stoneville, MS + Projected climate Hyderabad + Projected climate Optimum temperature for Rice Day of the year
30 Climate Change and Crop Productivity Some Considerations As human population expands and demand upon natural resources increases, the need to manage the environments in which people live becomes more important, but also more difficult. Climate change has no boundaries, and can t be viewed in isolation. We should consider other stresses on food production systems such as population dynamics, habitat destruction and fragmentation, land-use changes, biodiversity, land and water management and invasive species dominance.
31 Climate Change and Crop Productivity Some Considerations Land and water management is especially critical as the use of upstream watersheds can drastically affect large numbers of people living in downstream watersheds. The current and projected changes in climate are unprecedented, and the ecosystems including managed ecosystems such as agriculture may not cope with the changes projected in climate. An integrated approach that stresses both the importance of participatory planning and the institutional and technical constraints and opportunities is therefore necessary.
32 Environmental Stresses and Plant Growing Conditions
33 Environmental and Cultural Factors Limiting Potential Yields Atmospheric carbon dioxide Solar radiation Temperature (including extremes) Water (irrigation and rainfall) Wind Nutrients (N, P, K, and other nutrients) Others, Ultra-violet radiation, ozone etc., Growth regulators (such as PIX)
34 Area of Total World Land Surface Subject to Environmental Limitations of Various Types Limitation Area of world soil subject to limitation (%) Drought 27.9 Shallow soil 24.2 Mineral excess or deficiency 22.5 Flooding 12.2 Miscellaneous 3.1 None 1.1 Total 1 Temperature 14.8 (over laps with other stresses)
35 Environmental Plant Physiology Objectives The objectives of this course are to learn plant responses to abiotic stresses, particularly plant growth and development, and to learn modeling methodologies on how to integrate those plant processes under multiple stress conditions. At the end, the students are expected to: understand individual as well as interactive abiotic stress effects on photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development and finally yield. understand on how to develop methodologies to integrate multiple stress factor effects on various plant/canopy processes.
36 Environmental Plant Physiology Chapter 1 Atmospheric carbon dioxide Solar radiation Temperature (Including extremes) Water Wind Nutrients Other factors such as ozone Plant growth regulators The facilities and tools
37 Environmental Plant Physiology Chapter 2 Photosynthesis and the environment The Environmental productivity Index (EPI) concept. The photosynthesis - Species variability. Photosynthesis and aging process. Respiration.
38 Environmental Plant Physiology Chapter 3 Crop growth and development Phenology Growth of various organs and whole plants. The concept of environmental productivity index in quantifying crop growth and development in response to the environment.
39 Environmental Plant Physiology Chapter 4 Scaling of processes from leaves to whole plant, canopies or ecosystems. Chapter 5 Special topics include: Plant growth regulators PIX. Remote sensing and environmental plant physiology.
40 Environmental Plant Physiology Suggested reading: Introduction Feeding the Ten Billion-Plants and Population Growth- 1998, L. T. Evans, Chapter 12, pages Crop Science Progress and Prospects- 2, edited by J. Nosberger, H. H. Geiger and P. C. Struik, Chapter 3, Crop Science research to assure food security by K.G. Cassman, pages, Crop Responses to Environment 21, A. E. Hall. Chapter 1, Introduction, pages 1-7. Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality, KG Cassman, A. Dobermann, DT Walters and H. Yang, Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 23, 28:
FACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
FACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE 1. What is climate change? Climate change is a long-term shift in the climate of a specific location, region or planet. The shift is measured by changes in features associated
Key global markets and suppliers impacting U.S. grain exports BRICs
Key global markets and suppliers impacting U.S. grain exports BRICs Levin Flake Senior Agricultural Economist, Global Policy Analysis Division, OGA/FAS/USDA TEGMA Annual Meeting January 23 rd, 2015 U.S.
PRIZE WINNING ENTRY (FIRST PRIZE) IN ICAR NATIONAL ESSAY COMPETITION FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN 2007. Global Climatic Changes & Its Effect on Agriculture
PRIZE WINNING ENTRY (FIRST PRIZE) IN ICAR NATIONAL ESSAY COMPETITION FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN 2007 Global Climatic Changes & Its Effect on Agriculture by ZARIN A S, CLASS XII D Model Technical Higher Sec. School,
THE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes
Biomes The Ecosystem - Biomes Side 2 THE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes By the end of this topic you should be able to:- SYLLABUS STATEMENT ASSESSMENT STATEMENT CHECK NOTES 2.4 BIOMES 2.4.1 Define the term biome.
RICE CULTIVATION: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WATER SAVING APPROACHES
RICE CULTIVATION: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WATER SAVING APPROACHES Ragab Ragab 1 Introduction Globally, rice is the most important food crop with more than 90% produced in Asia. In most of Asian countries,
Annex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions
Annex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions 5A.1 A global effort will be needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to arrest climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The atmosphere has a number of gases, often in tiny amounts, which trap the heat given out by the Earth.
The Earth is wrapped in a blanket of air called the atmosphere, which is made up of several layers of gases. The sun is much hotter than the Earth and it gives off rays of heat (radiation) that travel
Climate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011
Climate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011 HEALTH Kindergarten: Grade 1: Grade 2: Know that litter can spoil the environment. Grade 3: Grade 4:
The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Crop Production
The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Crop Production Zoran Dimov Faculty of Agricultural Sciencies and Food Facing with Unprecedented Conditions Climate Change are recognized as a serious environmental
Economic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change
14 Economic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change Who is primarily responsible for creating the risk of global climate change? 78 Since the industrial revolution, economic development has been
U.S. Agriculture and International Trade
Curriculum Guide I. Goals and Objectives A. Understand the importance of exports and imports to agriculture and how risk management is affected. B. Understand factors causing exports to change. C. Understand
Six greenhouse gases covered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol are:
Fact sheet: The need for mitigation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Along with adaptation, mitigation is one of the two central approaches in the international climate change process.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN AGRICULTURE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN AGRICULTURE AND INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES A report to the UNFCCC Secretariat Financial and Technical Support Programme
Speaker Summary Note
2020 CONFERENCE MAY 2014 Session: Speaker: Speaker Summary Note Building Resilience by Innovating and Investing in Agricultural Systems Mark Rosegrant Director, Environment and Production Technology Division
The Contribution of Global Agriculture to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The Contribution of Global Agriculture to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Dr. Tommy Boland, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 tommy.boland@ucd.ie Acknowledge
Amherst County Public Schools. AP Environmental Science Curriculum Pacing Guide. College Board AP Environmental Science Site
Amherst County Public Schools AP Environmental Science Curriculum Pacing Guide College Board AP Environmental Science Site REV: 8/12 1 st 9 weeks AP Objectives Energy Resources and Consumption A. Energy
Jessica Blunden, Ph.D., Scientist, ERT Inc., Climate Monitoring Branch, NOAA s National Climatic Data Center
Kathryn Sullivan, Ph.D, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Thomas R. Karl, L.H.D., Director,, and Chair of the Subcommittee on Global Change Research Jessica
Climate Control and Ozone Depletion. Chapter 19
Climate Control and Ozone Depletion Chapter 19 Global Warming and Global Cooling Are Not New Over the past 4.5 billion years the climate has been altered by Volcanic emissions Changes in solar input Movement
Climate Change on the Prairie:
Climate Change on the Prairie: A Basic Guide to Climate Change in the High Plains Region - UPDATE Global Climate Change Why does the climate change? The Earth s climate has changed throughout history and
BASEL, 3 FEBRUARY 2016
BASEL, 3 FEBRUARY 2016 SAFE HARBOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND WHERE TO FIND IT THE TENDER OFFER FOR THE OUTSTANDING SHARES, AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES AND OTHER OUTSTANDING EQUITY INSTRUMENTS IN THE COMPANY
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Ramasamy Selvaraju Climate, Energy and Tenure Division (NRC), FAO Fifth annual Investment Days, Rome, Italy; 17 December 2013 Contents What is SRI? Main concepts of
global warming. and Agriculture
Global Warming and Agriculture William R. Cline John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath provides a verbal mural depicting America s experience in the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, with its migration of Okies from
READING COMPREHENSION I SIR ISAAC NEWTON
READING COMPREHENSION I SIR ISAAC NEWTON Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was an English scientist who made great contributions to physics, optics, maths and astronomy. He is known for his Three Laws of Motion
Status and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China
Chinese-Danish Networking Status and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China Yuhui Qiao Dr. Associate Professor Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering China Agricultural
Chapter 1.9 Global Environmental Concerns
Chapter 1.9 Global Environmental Concerns Part I Objective Type Questions 1. The spread of the Stratosphere above the Earth s surface is a) Below 15 km b) 10 to 50 km c) above 50 km d) above 100 km 2.
AG R I C U LT U R E GREEN ECONOMY
THIS IS THE STORY OF AG R I C U LT U R E GREEN ECONOMY We need to make the global economy green. provides significant opportunities for growth, investment and jobs to help make this happen. $ Everyone
Thailand s Great Undeveloped Resource
Thailand s Great Undeveloped Resource INVESTMENT STRATEGY The primary goal of is to aggregate a significant land package targeting potash, at a very low cost of entry, 6 claims for a total of 96 sq. km.
Status of the World s Soil Resources
5 December 2015 Status of the World s Soil Resources The Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), the main scientific advisory body to the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) hosted by the Food and
Climate Change Impacts in the Asia/Pacific Region
Climate Change Impacts in the Asia/Pacific Region Global CC threat CC in the A/P region The Stern Review and IPCC 4 th Assessment Report both state that climate change will have adverse impact on people
Global trends in production and trade of major grain legumes
International Conference on Grain Legumes: Quality Improvement, Value Addition and Trade, February 14-16, 2009, Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur,
PRESENTATION 2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
UNEP GLOBAL JUDGES PROGRAMME APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW BY NATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS PRESENTATION 2 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION A) Major environmental issues B) Responses
GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2012
GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996-2012 Graham Brookes & Peter Barfoot PG Economics Ltd, UK Dorchester, UK May 2014 Table of contents Foreword...8 Executive summary and conclusions...9
Crop production. 0 5 10 15 million ha. 0 5 10 15 20 million tonnes PART 1. CHART 7: Harvested area of the most important crops in Central Asia (2010)
PART 1 Crop production is the most important crop in the region of Europe and Central Asia. More than 80 million hectares of land are dedicated to growing wheat, of which 240 were produced in 2010. is
Agricultural Production and Research in Heilongjiang Province, China. Jiang Enchen. Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Northeast
1 Agricultural Production and Research in Heilongjiang Province, China Jiang Enchen Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. Post code: 150030
Evaluating the benefits of integrated rice-duck farming as organic system in Bangladesh
Evaluating the benefits of integrated rice-duck farming as organic system in Bangladesh Shaikh Tanveer Hossain*, H Konagaya, T Furuno and H Sugimoto * E-mail : tanveer107@yahoo.com Fact Sheet of Bangladesh
One planet. Six commitments.
One planet. Six commitments. We can t go on like this Humanity is facing its toughest challenge Every day, our planet wakes with 200,000 more mouths to feed. 1 Every night, more than 870 million people
Liquid Biofuels for Transport
page 1/11 Scientific Facts on Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunities Source document: FAO (2008) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Serious questions are being raised about
Climate Change Mini-Simulation: Background Guide
Climate Change Mini-Simulation: Background Guide United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to creating
Chapter 3: Climate and Climate Change Answers
Chapter 3: Climate and Climate Change Answers Section A: Climate 1. (a) Explain what each of the following means: (4 x 1 mark) (i) climate the average weather of an area over a 25 30 year period (ii) maritime
Mitigation Potential and Costs for Global Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Mitigation Potential and Costs for Global Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions Robert Beach, RTI International Benjamin DeAngelo and Steven Rose, US EPA William Salas, Applied Geosolutions Changsheng
Tailoring solutions for a region of diversity Global Press Conference 2013
Tailoring solutions for a region of diversity Global Press Conference 2013 Vincent Gros Senior Vice President, BASF Crop Protection Europe, CIS, Central Asia, Africa and Middle East October 2 nd, 2013
FUTURE CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING HIGH-QUALITY WATER - Vol. II - Environmental Impact of Food Production and Consumption - Palaniappa Krishnan
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION Palaniappa Krishnan Bioresources Engineering Department, University of Delaware, USA Keywords: Soil organisms, soil fertility, water quality, solar
Sustainable Land Management and Its Relation to Climate Change Michael Stocking
Sustainable Land Management and Its Relation to Climate Change Michael Stocking Vice-Chair, GEF-STAP Professor, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Two Sides of the Same Coin Land degradation Sustainable
OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021
OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012 OECD/FAO 2012 Chapter 5 Oilseeds and Oilseed Products 133 5. OILSEEDS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE ESCI 101 - INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE ESCI 101 - INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Prepared By: Rajiv Narula, Ph.D. SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND CRIMINAL
The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture
The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture In a series of papers in 1970-74, Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren proposed the following equation to estimate the overall impact of our
WATER HARVESTING AND AQUACULTURE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE
WATER HARVESTING AND AQUACULTURE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE 2 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS AUBURN UNIVERSITY 3 INTRODUCTION More than one-fourth
Emerging BioFuel Crops and Technology Kurt Thelen Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan ABSTRACT
Emerging BioFuel Crops and Technology Kurt Thelen Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan ABSTRACT United States energy policy requires 36 billion gallons of ethanol by the year 2022, with 21
The Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015
The Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015 August 28, 2005 American Chemical Society Martha Gilchrist Moore Moore Economics mmoore@mooreeconomics.com Opportunities
What are biofuels? Pocket K No. 24. Biotechnology for Green Energy: Biofuels
Pocket K No. 24 Biotechnology for Green Energy: Biofuels What are biofuels? Biofuels are alternative fuels made from plant and plant-derived resources. Biofuels are used mainly for transportation. There
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methods
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Methods Climate Finance Readiness Seminar Leif Kindberg Knowledge and Learning Manager, ARCC PRESENTATION OVERVIEW About ARCC Overview of Climate Change
HARVESTING AND GINNING OF COTTON IN THE WORLD
HARVESTING AND GINNING OF COTTON IN THE WORLD M. Rafiq Chaudhry Technical Information Section International Cotton Advisory Committee, Washington, D.C. Abstract About 30% of world cotton production is
Ecology Module B, Anchor 4
Ecology Module B, Anchor 4 Key Concepts: - The biological influences on organisms are called biotic factors. The physical components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. - Primary producers are
GETTING TO THE CORE: THE LINK BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
DESCRIPTION This lesson plan gives students first-hand experience in analyzing the link between atmospheric temperatures and carbon dioxide ( ) s by looking at ice core data spanning hundreds of thousands
Physical Environment. There are economic reasons for countries to cut down their rainforests.
Tropical Rainforests Reasons for their Destruction Tropical Rainforests are found in the Amazon Basin of South America, (e.g. Brazil) Central Africa (e.g. Congo) and South East Asia (e.g. Indonesia). There
Towards climate-smart agriculture
Towards climate-smart agriculture Background notes for the informal meeting of the Ministers of Agriculture Luxembourg, 15 September 2015 Table of contents Agricultural impact on climate change Climate
Water Resource. 1 Initiating and Sustaining Water Sector Reforms : A Synthesis World Bank in collaboration with the Government of India, Ministry of
WATER RESOURCES OF INDIA by Kalipada Chatterjee Climate Change Centre Development Alternatives Introduction Water is essential for human civilisation, living organisms, and natural habitat. It is used
Potential Climate Impact of Large-Scale Deployment of Renewable Energy Technologies. Chien Wang (MIT)
Potential Climate Impact of Large-Scale Deployment of Renewable Energy Technologies Chien Wang (MIT) 1. A large-scale installation of windmills Desired Energy Output: supply 10% of the estimated world
Mediterranean region. Contents 18.02.2014 WATER FOOTPRINT OF TOURISM AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
WATER FOOTPRINT OF TOURISM AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TURKEY Prof.Dr.Bülent Topkaya Akdeniz University Department of Environmental Engineering Mediterranean Region Water in Turkey Tourism activities
Natural Gas and the U.S. Fertilizer Industry
Natural Gas and the U.S. Fertilizer Industry Harry Vroomen Vice President, Economic Services The Fertilizer Institute July 15, 2010 www.tfi.org Outline of Presentation Brief Intro on Fertilizer Focus on
Harvesting energy with fertilizers
Harvesting energy with fertilizers Sustainable agriculture in Europe 1 Harvesting energy with fertilizers The reason for agriculture s existence is to supply energy to mankind. Agriculture converts solar
Current capabilities in the analysis of climate risks and adaptation strategies in critical areas
Current capabilities in the analysis of climate risks and adaptation strategies in critical areas M. Arif Goheer Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) Islamabad- 44000, Pakistan Symposium on Climate
Sulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and Forecast up to 2017
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2547547/ Sulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and Forecast up to 2017 Description: Sulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and
Ecosystems. The two main ecosystem processes: Energy flow and Chemical cycling
Ecosystems THE REALM OF ECOLOGY Biosphere An island ecosystem A desert spring ecosystem Biosphere Ecosystem Ecology: Interactions between the species in a given habitat and their physical environment.
European animal feed market: perspectives for Latin-American products
European animal feed market: perspectives for Latin-American products L I E S B E T H V E R H E Y E N - B E M E F A C A M P O G R A N D E, 1 0 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 3 Agenda EU production of compound feed EU production
AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS OF JAPAN
AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS OF JAPAN Takeshi Kimura, Agricultural Counselor Embassy of Japan, Washington, D. C. I would like, first, to sketch the Japanese agricultural situation and, second, to review Japan's
WATER AND DEVELOPMENT Vol. II - Types Of Environmental Models - R. A. Letcher and A. J. Jakeman
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS R. A. Letcher and A. J. Jakeman Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Australia Keywords: environmental models, environmental
Orbital-Scale Climate Change
Orbital-Scale Climate Change Climate Needed for Ice Age Warm winter and non-frozen oceans so lots of evaporation and snowfall Cool summer so that ice does not melt Ice Age Model When ice growing ocean
Why are developing countries exempt from the emissions targets?
Kyoto Protocol Overview The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding, international agreement that sets targets for industrialized countries to limit or reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by the
Elizabeth Curmi, Keith Richards, Richard Fenner, Julian.M Allwood, Bojana Bajželj and Grant M. Kopec
A new representation of integrated management of water resources: Sankey diagrams that link water sources and services for humans and nature at different scales Elizabeth Curmi, Keith Richards, Richard
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION In accordance with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, the Republic of Turkey hereby presents its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)
Comprehensive emissions per capita for industrialised countries
THE AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE Comprehensive emissions per capita for industrialised countries Hal Turton and Clive Hamilton The Australia Institute September 2001 the Parties included in Annex I shall implement
JICA Training Course Plant Variety Protection course
Session 4: DUS Training provided by members of the Union DUS Training organized by Japan Tsukasa KAWAKAMI Intellectual Property Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Japan 1
Population, Natural Resources, and Environment
Population, Natural Resources, and Environment Asia has a wealth of natural resources and ecological and biological diversity. Yet population growth and economic development are threatening the region
Biomes An Overview of Ecology Biomes Freshwater Biomes
Biomes An Overview of Ecology Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. Ecology can be divided into four increasingly comprehensive levels: Organismal
Global Outlook for Shrimp Markets and Demand. Felix Dent Fishery Industry Officer Fish Products, Trade & Marketing Branch (FIPM)
Global Outlook for Shrimp Markets and Demand Felix Dent Fishery Industry Officer Fish Products, Trade & Marketing Branch (FIPM) FAO? What is... Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Established
Chapter 7: Greenhouse gases and particulate matter
Additional material for Fundamentals of Sustainable Development, Niko Roorda, 2012. Chapter 7: Greenhouse gases and particulate matter Debates on the anthropogenic greenhouse effect and climate change
FOOD AVAILABILITY AND NATURAL RESOURCE USE
FOOD AVAILABILITY AND NATURAL RESOURCE USE Nadia El-Hage Scialabba Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, FAO FAO/OECD Expert Meeting on Greening the Economy with Agriculture Paris, 5
List of tables. I. World Trade Developments
List of tables I. World Trade Developments 1. Overview Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2010-2014 39 Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade
Lesson Overview. Biodiversity. Lesson Overview. 6.3 Biodiversity
Lesson Overview 6.3 6.3 Objectives Define biodiversity and explain its value. Identify current threats to biodiversity. Describe how biodiversity can be preserved. THINK ABOUT IT From multicolored coral
Sustainability Durum Wheat Production in Italy: Barilla Sustanable Farming Project
Bioeconomy and the Italian agrifood matrix Gli strumenti di politica industriale per la filiera agroalimentare Sala Cascina Merlata Expo 2015 Milano, 14 ottobre 2015 Sustainability Durum Wheat Production
A SOIL TESTING SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN THAILAND, USING MOBILE LABORATORIES
A SOIL TESTING SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN THAILAND, USING MOBILE LABORATORIES Narong Chinabut Office of Science for Land Development Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok
Scope 1 describes direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources that are owned by or under the direct control of the reporting entity;
9 Greenhouse Gas Assessment 9.1 Introduction This chapter presents an assessment of the potential greenhouse gas emissions associated with the Simandou Railway and evaluates the significance of these in
Default & quality, performance But What s for?
Training Workshop on SARRA-H Crop Model for English Speaking Meteorological Services in West Africa 24-28 FEBRUARY 214,, Banjul (Gambie) Default & quality, performance But What s for? Présenté par Christian
Passion for Grass. Great in Grass. The Royal Barenbrug Group. Group Board. Europe North America South America Australasia Asia Africa
The Royal Barenbrug Group The Royal Barenbrug Group Group Board Operating companies Europe North America South America Australasia Asia Africa Operating companies Research locations Research LOCATIONS
climate science A SHORT GUIDE TO This is a short summary of a detailed discussion of climate change science.
A SHORT GUIDE TO climate science This is a short summary of a detailed discussion of climate change science. For more information and to view the full report, visit royalsociety.org/policy/climate-change
Role of Government in Agriculture Risk Mitigation & Expansion of Insurance in India
Role of Government in Agriculture Risk Mitigation & Expansion of Insurance in India Kolli N Rao 4 th October 2015 0 OVERVIEW India: The Agriculture Setting India: Agriculture Insurance Architecture Agriculture
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 The Fremont School District uses oil to heat school buildings. Go Green! is a new project the district will implement. The superintendent has
SUPPLEMENTAL ON-LINE MATERIALS For Land-Use Practices Have Negative, Global Scale Effects on Ecosystem Services and Human Welfare by Foley et al.
19 SUPPLEMENTAL ON-LINE MATERIALS For Land-Use Practices Have Negative, Global Scale Effects on Ecosystem Services and Human Welfare by Foley et al. Box S1. Land Use Practices and the Loss of Biodiversity.
Carnegie Mellon University Office of International Education Admissions Statistics for Summer and Fall 2013
Carnegie Mellon University Admissions Statistics for and Fall 2013 New International Students and Fall 2012 Undergraduate 270 14.3% Master's 1301 68.7% Doctorate 192 10.1% Exchange 99 5.2% 31 1.6% Total
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment United Nations Environment Programme Many countries and companies are investing heavily
World Consumer Income and Expenditure Patterns
World Consumer Income and Expenditure Patterns 2014 14th edi tion Euromonitor International Ltd. 60-61 Britton Street, EC1M 5UX TableTypeID: 30010; ITtableID: 22914 Income Algeria Income Algeria Income
41 T Korea, Rep. 52.3. 42 T Netherlands 51.4. 43 T Japan 51.1. 44 E Bulgaria 51.1. 45 T Argentina 50.8. 46 T Czech Republic 50.4. 47 T Greece 50.
Overall Results Climate Change Performance Index 2012 Table 1 Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 1* Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 21 - Egypt***
SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES 1
Country Operations Business Plan: Philippines, 2013 2015 SECTOR ASSESSMENT (SUMMARY): AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES 1 A. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities 1. Sector importance and growth
Precision agriculture, a strategy for food and feed challenges for the 21 st century. Dr. Thomas Lumpkin CIMMYT Director General April 10th, 2013
Precision agriculture, a strategy for food and feed challenges for the 21 st century Dr. Thomas Lumpkin CIMMYT Director General April 10th, 2013 CIMMYT s Mission To sustainably increase the productivity
300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40 Tel: 0747-047.800 Fax: 0356-414.175 office.armand@gmail.com
300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40 Tel: 0747-047.800 Fax: 0356-414.175 office.armand@gmail.com Pagina1 Pagina2 INVEST IN ROMANIA 300431 Timişoara, Romania, Str. Agricultorilor nr. 40
Total Purchases in 2012
Fighting Hunger Worldwide Food Procurement Annual Report 2012 Maize, Niger WFP/Rein Skullerud Procurement Mission Statement To ensure that appropriate commodities are available to WFP beneficiaries in
2.3 Feeding 9 billion people by 2050
2.3 2.3.1 Issues and targets To meet demographic and environmental challenges, progress needs to be made on cultivation practices and the group needs to develop its agronomy know-how. The materiality matrix,
Climate Change Response Strategies for Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century
Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 42 The World Bank Climate Change Response Strategies for Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century Francesco Tubiello Josef Schmidhuber