Name. Clipart courtesy FCIT. Phases of the Moon Workbook C Layer

Transcription

1 Name Clipart courtesy FCIT Phases of the Moon Workbook C Layer 2

2 At the end of the Phases of the Moon unit, you should be able to complete the following Description Passed Understand and correctly use unit vocabulary. Name and identify the eight major phases of the Moon. Explain the Moon s pattern of change over one month. Distinguish the position of the Earth Moon, and Sun at each lunar phase. Compare and contrast rotation and revolution.

3 Moon Phases Activity II Directions: 1. Using a pencil, draw the terminator (day-night boundary) for both the Earth and Moon in each of the diagrams below. 2. Shade the dark sides of the Earth and Moon as shown in the example below being careful to note the direction of Earth s rotation in each case. 3. Imagine a person on the Earth directly below the Moon and seeing it high in the sky. Draw a line from the person to each side of the Moon. 4. Sketch and write the name of the Moon s phase. The first diagram has been done for you to serve as an example. You will generally need to use two terms each time such as waxing crescent or waning gibbous. Terms you will use include crescent, gibbous first quarter, third quarter, new, and full. What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: NEW MOON What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: 1 P age

4 What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: 2 P age

5 What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: What the Moon looks like from Earth. Name of phase: 3 P age

6 Moon Orbit Spin Chart (Modified from an activity found in the Faces of the Moon Teacher s Guide by Bob Crelin) Look at your assembled Moon Orbit Spin Chart (Figure 3). The center of the spin dial (picture of head) represents the Earth. The Moon, near the end of the spin dial, represents your Moon lollipop. The Sun represents the light. There are eight numbered stops on the orbit circle. These represent the important Moon phases. To begin, set your spinner at Stop #1 (as shown in Figure 3). Read the description of the Moon s appearance at Stop #1. Cut out the proper Moon and glue it on your Moon phases chart. Continue until you have completed all eight Stops. Stop #1 The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. The part of the Moon facing the Earth can t be seen. It is dark. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #2 The Moon is seen during the daytime. It looks like a small sliver on the right side. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #3 We still see the Moon during the daytime. It looks like a half Moon. The right side of the Moon is in Sunlight. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #4 The Moon is more than half-full but less than full. You see it during the afternoon. The right side of the Moon is in Sunlight. What is this phase of the Moon? 4 P age

7 Stop #5 The Earth is between the Moon and Sun. The entire surface facing Earth is in Sunlight. The Moon rises as the Sun sets. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #6 The moon is more than half-full but less than full. The left side of the Moon is in Sunlight. The Moon rises later in the evening. The Moon appears to be getting smaller. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #7 The Moon looks like a half-moon. We can see it in the morning. It rises after midnight. The Sunlight is on the left side of the Moon. What is this phase of the Moon? Stop #8 The Moon looks like a small sliver. The Sunlight is on the left side of the Moon. It is seen in the morning. It doesn t rise until very early in the morning. What is this phase of the Moon? 5 P age

8 Phases of the Moon Book Materials Ten sheets tagboard 4½ x 6 Scissors Hole punch Yarn Safety Concerns: Scissors. Discuss safe and proper use of scissors. Procedure 1. Select eight sheets. On each sheet, measure a 2 margin on the left of the 6 side. Next, measure an area 1½ wide. It should look something like the diagram below: 2 1½ 2. Take your first sheet and cut out the entire upper right area. It will look something like this: 6 P age

9 3. On the first sheet, provide the following information: The phase of the Moon Where the Moon is in its orbit around the Earth It should look something like this: New Moon 4. Continue this process for each phase of the Moon. Cut a shape that shows what the next phase of the moon would look like. The next page would be the waxing crescent. It would look like this: Waxing Crescent 5. After you have made a page for each of the phases of the Moon, punch two holes in the left side. (Note: erase any pencil marks on your sheet.) 6. Get your two uncut sheets. Punch two holes in the sheets and put your book together. Tie the sheets together by putting yarn through the holes. 7. Design your cover. The title will be My Phases of the Moon Book. 7 P age

10 Phases of the Moon Foldable Your assignment is to make a four-door foldable showing the major phases of the Moon as well as the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun at the phase. Safety Concerns: Scissors. Discuss safe and proper use of scissors. Procedure 1. Make a shutter fold using 11 x 17 paper. 2. Fold the shutter fold in half like a hamburger. 3. Open the project and cut along the two inside valley folds. 4. These cuts will form four doors on the inside of the project. 5. After you have made your first four-door book, repeat steps 1-4 and make a second four-door book. 6. Using your notes, do the following: On the first door, draw a picture of the New Moon and title it. Under the door, draw a picture showing the position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth when the Moon is at the New Moon phase. 7. Repeat step 6 until you have identified all eight phases of the Moon as well as the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun at that phase. 8. Glue the two four-door books back-to-back. 8 P age

11 Miami Herald (Miami, FL) Aug. 10, 1999, p. 5E Spinning Keeps the World in Balance Q. What would happen if the earth stopped spinning?--kyle Whiteman A. If someone suddenly slammed on the brakes, and the Earth just stopped, almost all living things would probably become extinct. The Earth is about 25,000 miles around, and it spins once about every 24 hours. That means someone at the equator is going faster than 1,000 miles an hour, and even people in most other places are zipping along at hundreds of miles per hour. So if the Earth suddenly stopped (not that it could), buildings, trees, cars, animals, rocks, dirt and sand would keep speeding like bullets. Even the oceans would rocket across the land, making the biggest tidal waves ever. And you'd probably have incredible earthquakes and volcanoes, too. So let's suppose the Earth never did spin. Say the stars are always in the same spots overhead. The sun would seem to circle the world just once a year. This would change the weather incredibly. For months, a lot of places would get heated by the sun nonstop and they'd get incredibly hot. It might be too hot to live. It's even possible the planet would keep losing air as heat gave some of it the energy to escape into space. At the same time, the other side of the Earth wouldn't get any sunlight for months, so it might get very cold. The temperatures probably wouldn't be as bad as on the moon, though, because we would still have winds to carry warm air to cold places and vice versa. Questions 1. How fast is someone traveling at the equator? 2. What would happen if the Earth suddenly stopped rotating? 9 P age

12 3. Suppose the Earth never did spin again. What would happen? a. b. c. d. e. Materials Making a Sun Clock Note: This activity will be done as a class. Sun Clock pattern Cardboard slightly larger than the Sun Clock String, 20 cm (7 ) long Glue Pencil Scissors Tape 10 P age

13 Safety Concerns: Scissors, Sun. Discuss proper and safe use of scissors. At no time will students look directly at the Sun without proper eye protection. Procedure 1. Get your Sun Clock. Cut out the rectangular pattern. 2. Cut the short notches at each end, as indicated on the Sun Clock pattern. 3. Fold the clock along the dotted line on the pattern, making sure the hour lines are to the inside. 4. Get your string. Place one end through one of the notches on the Sun Clock and tape it to the back of the Clock. 5. Stretch the other end of the string through the notch at the other end of the Sun Clock. The string should be adjusted so it is tight when the two panels of the Clock are at a 90 o angle. Tape the string s end to the back of the Sun Clock. 6. Predict: Does your Sun Clock need to be in any special position to register the correct time? Properly Assembled Sun Clock 11 P age

14 7. Before going outside, look at the clock. Write down the time. (Note: If it is Daylight Savings Time, subtract one hour to get Standard Time.) Time: 8. Make sure the string of the Sun Clock is stretched tight. Rotate your Clock until the shadow of the string reads the correct time. 9. Get some chalk and draw a box around the base of the clock. Put your initials in your box. 10. Predict: When you go back outside and put down your clock, what will you need to do to get the correct time? 11. Go back outside and put down your Sun Clock. Did it read the correct time? Was your prediction correct? Explain why or why not. 12. Explain how this activity demonstrates rotation. 12 P age

15 Tracking Sun Shadows Note: This activity will be done as a class. Looking at the Sun can cause permanent eye damage- Never look directly at the Sun! Materials Drinking straws Modeling clay Tag board Large rock Paper Compass Crayons Markers Safety Concerns: Sun. At no time will students look directly at the Sun without proper eye protection. Procedure 1. Mount a straw vertically in clay at the center of the tag board and outline the clay with a marker. 2. Anchor the tag board with a large rock to prevent it from blowing away (don't let the anchor block the Sun!). 13 P age

16 3. Trace the outline of the tag board on the ground with chalk and north on the tag board and the ground to insure that the tag board is in the same place for each measurement. 4. Mark the position and tip of the shadow of the straw at regular intervals throughout the day, noting the time of each observation. 5. At the end of the day, remove the straw and clay and mark the location of the bottom of the straw on the tag board with a marker. Questions 1. Describe what the marks on the tag board looks like when at the end of the experiment. Did the shadow of the straw move? Why or why not? 2. Explain how this activity demonstrates the Earth rotates. 14 P age

17 ASK! Oct. 2007, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp Copyright Carus Publishing Company. Oct Why Darkness Falls By Galadriel Watson In ancient times, people believed gods controlled night and day. Egyptians, for example, thought the Sun god Ra disappeared at dusk into the underworld, where he had to fight off a demon of darkness before rising each dawn. Today, science has a different idea. Night and Day The imaginary rod rammed straight through Earth--one end poking out of the North Pole, the other out of the South Pole--is called Earth's axis. Earth spins on this axis. When the side of Earth you're on faces the Sun, it's day. When it faces away from the Sun, it's night. It takes 24 hours for Earth to make one complete turn. Winter and Summer The farther you live from the equator, the longer your days are in summer and the shorter they are in winter. This is because while it spins, Earth travels in a second way, too, in an oval path around the Sun. This path is called an orbit. If Earth stood straight up and down, this orbit wouldn't make a difference. But, Earth tilts on its axis in one direction. In June, the northern half of Earth tilts toward the Sun, so the farther north an area is, the longer it faces the Sun during one complete spin of the Earth--and the longer its days. In December, the north tilts away, and the opposite happens. Good Night Sun Because of the way Earth tilts, the Sun disappears completely from view at the North Pole from October 7 through March 4. Countries that surround the polar region receive as little as 2 hours of Sunlight each winter day. During that same period at the South Pole in 15 P age

18 Antarctica, the Sun never sets. From March to October, the tilt brings 24-hour Sun to the north and 24-hour darkness to the south. * * * Earth spins on its axis at 1,000 miles per hour. We don't notice the speed because our bodies are used to the constant movement. Gravity keeps us from flying off. Questions 1. The imaginary rod that passes through the Earth is called the Earth s. 2. The farther you live from the equator, the shorter your days in summer. a. True b. False Explain why you answered true or false. 3. What is the path the Earth follows around the Sun called? 4. The Earth spins on its axis at miles per hour. 5. Explain why we have day and night. 16 P age

19 17 P age