Class Today. Print notes and examples Trusses. Example Problems Group Work Time. Definition Working with Trusses Truss Analysis
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1 Class Today Print notes and examples Trusses Definition Working with Trusses Truss Analysis Example Problems Group Work Time 1
2 these are cool trusses Santiago Calatrava Turning Torso Norman Foster Sainsbury Centre Shigeru Ban Japanese Pavilion KMR
3 be inspired! Rem Koolhaas The Shenzhen Stock Exchange Renzo Piano Kansai International Airport 3 KMR
4 So what are trusses?
5 Trusses are Structures designed to support loads: Will transmit loads through the joints of the structure Will ultimately transmit loads to the foundation Cost effective in design because: Weight is minimized (weight of members is typically light compared to loads carried, so it is often neglected) Strength to weight ratio is maximized Image copyright 2013, Pearson Education, publishing as Prentice Hall
6 Working with Trusses: Assumptions All loads are applied / transmitted at joints All members are joined by pin connections Consist entirely of two-force members (review section 5.4) Can contain zero-force members Image copyright 2013, Pearson Education, publishing as Prentice Hall
7 Zero-force Members What are zero-force members? Structural members that carry no force Why do we use them? Used to provide stability During construction If (intermittent) loading of the truss changes Shortens chord length and increases buckling capacity of compression members 7
8 Zero-force Members: Case 1
9 Zero-force Members: Case 2
10 Joint Connections Welded connection pin architectural%20studio/elements/structural%20steel%20trusses/j2.jpg Gusset plate _gb_canal_bridges/04_16_03-gb_canal_br-34.jpg
11 Truss Rocker support Supports Roller supports 11
12 Working with Trusses: So what is the objective of an analysis? To determine the support reactions. To determine the forces supported by individual members of the truss. 12
13 FBD of whole truss FBDs of each pin and each member. (exploded view showing tension and compression forces in a truss) 13 Image copyright 2013, Pearson Education, publishing as Prentice Hall
14 Working with Trusses: Analyzing Structural Forces in Truss Members Truss members will carry either axial tension (T) forces or axial compression (C) forces There are two methods of evaluating trusses. Method of Joints (static equilibrium of a point) Method of Sections (static equilibrium of a rigid body) 14
15 Truss Analysis: Method of Joints Evaluate an individual joint or pin connection. Treat each joint as a 2D particle in equilibrium Can have a maximum of two unknowns Can sum forces in x & y direction 15
16 Truss Analysis: Method of Sections Evaluate a section including multiple joints. Treat as 2D rigid body in equilibrium Must cut through structural members to evaluate the force. Maximum of three unknowns (to solve everything) Can sum forces in x & y direction Can sum moments 16
17 Method of Approach for Truss Problems 1. Solve for support reactions if needed. 2. Mark all members on the truss that need to be solved. 3. Pick the joint / section for which you will draw your FBD. Make sure you have the appropriate number of unknowns. 4. ALWAYS assume unknown forces to be in TENSION. 5. Be sure to designate answers as (T) or (C) 6. In subsequent FBDs, draw known forces in the direction they actually act. 17
18 Trusses Free Body Diagram Practice Draw the correct FBD to solve for the forces in members CD, CJ and IJ. 18
19 Trusses: More FBD Practice Assuming the necessary support reactions have already been found, draw the correct FBD to solve for the forces in members DE, JM and JH. 19
20 Trusses: More FBD Practice Assuming the necessary support reactions have already been found, draw the correct FBD to solve for the forces in members CD and DE. 20
21 Can trusses have curved members? Two-force members do not have to be straight The ideal answer is NO, but Yes, if the members are sufficiently stiff so that moments developed at the connections are negligible. Curved members are not as costeffective. 21
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