CHAPTER 4-ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION I discover that ecological succession is the natural process by which restoration occurs. My goal is.

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1 CHAPTER 4-ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION I discover that ecological succession is the natural process by which restoration occurs. My goal is.

2 CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY STUDY GUIDE SERE-A STAGE IN SUCCESSION SECONDARY SUCCESSION-A SERIES OF EVENTS AFTER A DISTURBANCE AND WHERE SOILIS STILL PRESENT SOFTWOOD-IT BEARS CONES TOPOGRAPHY-AN AREA S FEATURES SUCH AS THE MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS, AND RIVERS HARDWOOD-ITS LEAVES DROP OFF IN THE FALL ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION-A SERIES OF PREDICTABLE CHANGES OVER TIME SUBSTRATE-THE BASE THAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS LIVE ON PIONEER SPECIES-THE ASSORTMENT OF FIRST PLANTS TO GROW PRIMARY SUCCESSION-BARREN LAND BEGINS THIS COLONIZE-WHAT PLANTS DO WHEN THEY GROW IN AN AREA VEGETATION-PLANTS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS THIS FOUR EXAMPLES OF SUBSTRATE 1. HARDENED LAVA 2. A ROCK BASE 3. NEW SAND DUNES 4. BARREN SOIL FROM STRIP MINING GLACIAL RETREATS GLACIAL RETREATS ARE DEVASTATING TO THE LAND BECAUSE THEY SCOUR THE EARTH AND LEAVE NOTHING BUT BARE ROCK BEHIND ECOLOGY-THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS BONTANIST- SCIENTISTS THAT STUDY PLANTS

3 CHAPTER 4 QUIZ PLEASE WRITE THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE WORD BANK IN THE CORRECT BLANK WORD BANK VEGETATION PRIMARY SUCCESSION SOFTWOOD TOPOGRAPHY SUBSTRATE COLONIZE ECOLOGY SECONDARY SUCCESSION HARDWOOD BONTANIST PIONEER SPECIES SERE ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION -A STAGE IN SUCCESSION -A SERIES OF EVENTS AFTER A DISTURBANCE AND WHERE SOILIS STILL PRESENT -IT BEARS CONES -AN AREA S FEATURES SUCH AS THE MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS, AND RIVERS -ITS LEAVES DROP OFF IN THE FALL -A SERIES OF PREDICTABLE CHANGES OVER TIME -THE BASE THAT PLANTS AND ANIMALS LIVE ON -THE ASSORTMENT OF FIRST PLANTS TO GROW -BARREN LAND BEGINS THIS -WHAT PLANTS DO WHEN THEY GROW IN AN AREA -PLANTS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS THIS THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS SCIENTISTS THAT STUDY PLANTS

4 CHAPTER 4 QUIZ CONTINUED PLEASE ANSWER QUESTIONS IN COMPLETE SENTENCES WHY ARE GLACIAL RETREATS SO DEVASTATING TO THE LAND? DESCRIBE WHAT NEW SUBSTRATE MIGHT BE MADE OF. GIVE THREE EXAMPLES.

5 Primary Succession ecological succession-the predictable and orderly changes that occur over time in a community of plant and animals. Primary and secondary successions are two basic types ecological succession primary succession-the series of changes occurring in a newly formed, barren habitat substrate-the base, usually rock or soil, in which an organism lives pioneer species-the first species to populate or repopulate a barren or disturbed area colonize- to establish growth in an ecological community ecology-the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environments Primary succession occurs in an area with no soil base. Can develop after a volcanic eruption, sand dune, or glacier retreats Primary succession begins when seeds, spores, or other organic materials arrive from an nearby ecosystem. Lichens produce acids to break down rock. They provide organic material to form soil

6 Secondary Succession secondary succession- the series of changes occurring in an area where the existing ecosystem has been disturbed softwood-the wood from conifers or evergreen trees hardwood-the wood from broad-leaved, mostly deciduous trees In secondary succession the soil base and some of the vegetation still exists and the area grows more rapidly than a primary succession

7 Forest Fire 793,000 acres of Yellowstone national park burned in 1998 The united states spent 120 million dollars and 25,000 people helped to stop the fires The vegetation recovered quickly

8 Historic Studies topography-the physical surface features of a place or region Mount Saint Helens in Washington State erupted on May 18, 1980 This area was going through a primary succession On March 23, 1989 oil tanker Exxon Valdez in Alaska leaked 40 million L of crude oil into the ocean. THis event was the biggest environmental disaster in united states history The oil affected prince william sound. Many animals and plant life in the area died immediately.