PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH. 1. Actual and allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method

Transcription

1 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH 1. Actual and allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method

2 THE COMPLIANCE PROCESS There are two major steps to Title 24 compliance: 1. Meet all mandatory requirements by installing required controls and devices and ensuring that they have all of the required functionality. 2. Meet all prescriptive or performance requirements by ensuring that the actual lighting power installed in a space is less than the allowed lighting power for that space. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 76 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

3 ACTUAL VS. ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER DENSITY The actual indoor lighting power of the proposed building area is the total watts of all planned, permanent and portable lighting systems, adjusted by the following: 1. Reduction of wattage through controls 2. Lighting wattage exclusions Photo Credit: Color Kinetics 10/7/2013 SLIDE 77 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

4 ACTUAL LPD: REDUCTION THROUGH CONTROLS When determining the actual installed lighting power, if you exceed the mandatory controls requirements by installing a control where it is not required you are eligible for a Power Adjustment Factor (PAF). This will result in a lower calculated lighting power use for the installed system. ( Controlled W ) X ( PAF from the table A ) = LPD reduction 10/7/2013 SLIDE 78 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

5 TABLE A: LIGHTING POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTORS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 79 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

6 ACTUAL LPD: LIGHTING WATTAGE EXCLUDED Wattage of many lighting applications may be excluded, including: Theme Parks: Lighting for themes and special effects Studio lighting for film or photography and for a videoconferencing studio Lighting for dance floors, theatrical and other live performances Equipment that is for sale and for demonstration Lighting installed by the manufacturer in refrigerated cases, walk-in freezers, vending machines, food preparation equipment and scientific and industrial equipment Photo Credit: Philips Photo Credit: Philips Photo Credit: Philips 10/7/2013 SLIDE 80 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

7 ACTUAL LPD: LIGHTING WATTAGE EXCLUDED Also, lighting for: Plant growth or maintenance Required exit signs Temporary lighting systems Parking garages for 7 or less vehicles Photo Credit: Martin Pettitt 10/7/2013 SLIDE 81 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

8 ACTUAL VS. ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER DENSITY The allowed indoor lighting power for each building or area is calculated using one of the following methods: Complete Building Area Category Tailored Method Each of these methods involves multiplying the square footage of a space by the allowed wattage per square foot for that space. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 82 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

9 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD The Complete Building Method may only be used on projects involving entire buildings with one primary type of use occupancy. (TABLE B ) X (floor area of entire building ) = Allowed LPD Retail and wholesale stores, hotel / motel, and high - rise residential buildings may not use this method. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 83 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

10 AREA CATEGORY METHOD The total allowed lighting power for the building is the sum of all allowed lighting powers for all areas in the building. An area is all adjacent spaces which are associated with a single function type listed in TABLE C. (TABLE C ) X (floor area of area) = Allowed LPD for that area 10/7/2013 SLIDE 84 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

11 TABLE C Can be found: 10/7/2013 SLIDE 85 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

12 TABLE C Footnotes 10/7/2013 SLIDE 86 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

13 CHANGES TO C PRIMARY FUNCTION AREA ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER (W/ft 2 ) Office Area: >250 square feet Parking Garage Area: <250 square feet Parking Area Dedicated Ramps Retail Merchandise Sales, Wholesale Showroom Areas /7/2013 SLIDE 87 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

14 AREA CATEGORY METHOD EXERCISE Photo: Bob Hall 10/7/2013 SLIDE 88 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

15 112 Square Feet 491 Square Feet

16 STEP 1 ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER Q1: What areas are present in the space? There are two the stockroom and the sales floor. Q2: What is the total wattage for each area? Stockroom: 1x Troffer = 50W Sales Floor: 12x Downlight 12 x 12W = 144W 8x Tracklight 8 x 17W = 136W 16x Pendant 16 x 7W = 112W 1x Cove Lighting 13ft. x 13W per ft. = 169W TOTAL = 561W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 90 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

17 STEP 2 CONTROLS Q3: What mandatory controls should be installed? The entire space should have shut-off controls to turn off all lighting when vacant. No controls are required in the stock room because there is only one luminaire. Q4: Are any controls are eligible for a Power Adjustment Factor (PAF)? If so, what is the PAF? The occupancy controls in the stock room are eligible because they are not required mandatory controls. The PAF is 0.2, from the first row of Table A. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 91 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

18 STEP 3 POWER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR Q5: Adjust the installed lighting power, taking into account the stock room PAF. 50W controlled x 0.2 PAF = 40W adjusted (difference of 10W) 10/7/2013 SLIDE 92 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

19 STEP 4 ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER Q6: We identified two areas in this retail space in Step 1. Using Table C, determine which category these two areas fall into. Stock room: Commercial/Industrial Storage Sales Floor: Retail Merchandise Sales Q7: What is the allowed lighting power for these two spaces? Stock room: 0.6 W/ft 2 Sales floor: 1.2 W/ft 2 10/7/2013 SLIDE 93 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

20 STEP 4 ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER Q8: Using the allowed lighting power we calculated in Question 7, calculate the total allowed wattage for each space. Stock room: 0.6 W/ft 2 x 112 square feet = 67W Sales Floor: 1.2 W/ft 2 x 491 square feet = 589W Q9: Does the space comply? Compare the actual wattage installed to the allowed wattage we calculated in Question 8. Yes! Because the allowed wattage (589W, 67W) is greater than the actual wattage (561W, 40W), this space complies. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 94 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

21 TAILORED METHOD This is the most granular of the three methods. Not only does each area have its own lighting power allowance, but some spaces within that area have their own allowance. For example, a sales floor may have a lounge area near fitting rooms. The lounge would have its own lighting power allowance, while the rest of the sales floor would have a separate allowance. In addition, several allowances are available for specific display or task lighting needs. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 95 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

22 TAILORED METHOD GENERAL LIGHTING ALLOWANCES General lighting calculation steps: 1. Use the IES Illuminance Values column of Table D to determine the allowed general lighting power density allotments for the area 2. Calculate the Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for the area according to equation F 3. Find the allowed lighting power density allotment in Table G that is applicable to the IES illuminance value and the RCR calculated in steps one and two 4. Multiply the allowed lighting power density by the square feet of the area This is the lighting power density for the general lighting only. This does not include any task or display lighting! 10/7/2013 SLIDE 96 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

23 TABLE D Can be found: 10/7/2013 SLIDE 97 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

24 CHANGES TO D Primary Function Area General Illumination Level (Lux) Wall Display Allowed Combined Allowed Ornamental Financial Transaction Area Malls and Atria Retail Merchandise Sales, and Showroom Areas Theatre Area: Motion Picture Performance /7/2013 SLIDE 98 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

25 ROOM CAVITY RATIO The RCR is a way to describe the configuration of a room. Rooms with high ceilings are typically more difficult to illuminate and thus have a high RCR. Because luminaires are not as effective in areas with a high RCR, the standards allow a higher lighting power density in these areas. H = Vertical distance from the work plane to the center of the lighting fixture L = Length W = Width P = Perimeter A = Area 10/7/2013 SLIDE 99 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

26 ADDITIONAL WATTAGE UNDER THE TAILORED METHOD In addition to the allowed general lighting allotments, the Tailored Method may add additional lighting power allowances for: Wall displays Floor displays Task lighting Ornamental/special effects lighting Very valuable display cases These lighting power allowances cannot be used in any space other than the display or task area (use it or lose it!). Any wattage not covered by these allowances must be deducted from the general lighting allowance for that area. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 100 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

27 TAILORED METHOD WALL DISPLAYS Wall display lighting must be mounted within 10 feet of the wall the display is attached to and can be one of the following: Lighting track adjacent to the wall Wall wash luminaires Luminaires behind a wall valance or wall cove Accent lighting (including PAR, R, MR, AR, or other directional lamp types) To determine the additional allowed wattage for a wall display, multiply the wall display power from Table D by the length of the wall display. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 101 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

28 TAILORED METHOD FLOOR DISPLAYS AND TASK LIGHTS In order to qualify for the floor and task lighting allowances, lighting systems must be directional and may not be mounted closer than two feet to a wall. Display cases may not be adjacent to a wall these would be considered wall displays. To determine the additional allowed wattage for a floor display or task lighting, multiply the Floor and Display Power and Task Lighting Power from Table D by the square footage of the floor display or task lighting area. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 102 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

29 TAILORED METHOD ORNAMENTAL/SPECIAL EFFECTS Ornamental Lighting: Chandeliers Sconces Lanterns Special effects lighting: Defined as lighting installed to give off luminance instead of providing illuminance. Neon and cold cathode Light emitting diodes (LEDs) Theatrical projectors Moving lights Light color panels To determine the additional allowed wattage, multiply Ornamental/Special Effects Lighting Power from Table D by the square footage of the area. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 103 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

30 TAILORED METHOD DISPLAY CASES The standards refer to lighting for glass display cases commonly found in retail stores as very valuable display case lighting. Only highly directional luminaires specifically designed to illuminate the case may be used. Fluorescent lighting may only be used if it is installed inside the display case. Calculating additional allowed lighting power Select the smallest of the following values: The product of the primary function area and 0.8 W/ft 2 The product of the area of the display case and 12 W/ft 2 The actual lighting power of the lighting used for the display 10/7/2013 SLIDE 104 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

31 TAILORED METHOD EXERCISE Photo: Bob Hall 10/7/2013 SLIDE 105 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

32 TAILORED METHOD EXERCISE For this exercise, we are using the same space as we did for the Area Category Method activity. We already know: 1. Stock room square footage is 112 square feet 2. Sales floor square footage is 491 square feet 3. Installed wattage and controls (refer to your activity workbook) 10/7/2013 SLIDE 106 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

33 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 1 AREA CATEGORY ALLOWANCES Q1: Determine the general lighting power allowances for the stock room using Table D. Remember, any space not listed in D must use the Area Category Method (Table C) instead of the Tailored Method. Must use Area Category Method. The general lighting allowance is: 112 square feet x 0.6 W/ft 2 = 67W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 107 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

34 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 2 RCR Q2: Does the sales floor qualify to use the Tailored Method according to Table D? If so, which primary function area does it use? Yes. Retail Merchandise Sales and Showroom Areas. Q3: To determine the allowed general lighting power for the sales floor, we first need to calculate the Room Cavity Ratio for the space. Calculate this using the equations in Table F. The perimeter of the space is 83.5 feet and the distance from the work plane to the center of the lighting fixtures is 8.5 feet. Our space is not rectangular, so we must use the RCR equation for irregular-shaped rooms: (2.5 x 8.5ft. x 83.5ft.) / 491 sq. ft. = /7/2013 SLIDE 108 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

35 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 3 TAILORED ALLOWANCES Q4: Using Table D, determine the illuminance level for the sales floor. Retail Merchandise Sales and Showroom Areas are 400 lux. Q5: Using the illuminance level from Question 5 and the RCR from Question 4, look up the allowed Lighting Power Density in Table G. 400 lux RCR > 3.5 and < 7.0 LPD = 1.5W per square foot Q6: Using the LPD from Question 7, calculate the allowed general lighting power for the sales floor. 491 square feet x 1.5W per square foot = 737W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 109 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

36 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 4 DISPLAY/TASK ALLOWANCES Q7: There are several displays in our store that can receive additional lighting power allowances under the tailored method. Mark these displays on the plans provided. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 110 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

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38 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 5 FLOOR DISPLAYS AND TASK Q8: Using the following information and Table D, calculate the additional allowed lighting power for floor displays and task areas: The floor display is 6 feet by 3 feet The sales counter is 8.5 feet by 2 feet Floor display: 1.0 x 18 sq. ft. = 18W Sales Counter: 1.0 x 17 sq. ft. = 17W Total: 35W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 112 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

39 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 6 WALL AND ORNAMENTAL Q9: The length of all of the wall displays combined is 45.5 feet. Using Table D, calculate the additional allowed lighting power for wall displays. 45.5ft. x 14.0 = 637W Q10: The area illuminated by the ornamental lighting is 26 square feet. Using Table D, calculate the additional allowed lighting power for ornamental lighting. 26 sq. ft. x 0.5 = 13W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 113 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

40 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 6 COMPARE ACTUAL TO ALLOWED Q11: Compare the installed wattage to the allowed wattage that you calculated. Remember to use it or lose it for the additional display allowances! ALLOWANCE TYPE ACTUAL WATTAGE ALLOWANCE DEDUCT FROM GENERAL Floor Display 28W 35W 0W Wall Display 220W 637W 0W Ornamental 169W 13W 156W Both floor and wall displays are completely accounted for by the additional allowances for those areas. The remaining wattage used for ornamental displays is deducted from the leftover general wattage (737W) after accounting for the installed wattage (144W). This results in 437W of leftover lighting power. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 114 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

41 TAILORED METHOD: STEP 7 DOES IT COMPLY? Q12: Does the space comply? We already know that the stock room is compliant with the Area Category method. The sales floor uses less lighting power than is allowed in fact, it has 437W of allowed lighting power remaining. Thus, the space is compliant. Q13: Our example used 100% LED luminaires. Where could you fit less energy-efficient light sources into your energy budget? If you used 50W halogen MR16s for the window displays, you would need: 12 pendants x 50W each = 600W of lighting power. This would still comply. All of the wall display allowances would be used, and a portion of the general lighting power allowance would be used. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 115 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

42 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING ZONES Lighting Zone 1: Government parks, recreation areas, and wildlife preserves Ambient Illumination: Dark The local entity with authority over the property will know if the property is a government designated park, recreation area, or wildlife preserve. If the park is within a rural or urban area, it can be considered a part of lighting zone two or three. Lighting Zone 2: Rural Areas Ambient Illumination: Low Rural areas include any population, housing, and territory that contain less than 2,500 people. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 116 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

43 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING ZONES Lighting Zone 3: Urban Areas Ambient Illumination: Medium An urban area is a densely settled core of census tracts that contain at least 2,500 people. Lighting Zone 4: Special Use District Ambient Illumination: High This zone may be created by a local government through application to the California Energy Commission and is used for special area types that require a particularly high amount of light. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 117 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

44 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES The allowed lighting power for a space is determined by measuring the area of the installation and multiplying by the lighting power allowance for that space. The actual lighting power is the total watts of all non-exempt lighting systems (including ballast, driver, or transformer losses). 10/7/2013 SLIDE 118 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

45 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES When determining allowed lighting power, the number of luminaires, their mounting heights, and their layout affect the size of the illuminated area and thus the allowed lighting power for a space. The illuminated area is any hardscape area within a square around each luminaire or pole. The size of this square is 10 times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the square. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 119 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

46 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES There are three major areas that are considered when determining the allowed lighting power for a space: Area Wattage Allowances (AWA) The Area Wattage Allowance is determined for the total illuminated hardscape area. Linear Wattage Allowances (LWA) The Linear Wattage Allowance is determined for the total perimeter length of the hardscape. The total hardscape perimeter does not include areas that are not illuminated. Initial Wattage Allowances (IWA) The Initial Wattage Allowance may be used once per project site. The IWA provides additional wattage for small sites or for unusual hardscape geometries. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 120 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

47 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES 10/7/2013 SLIDE 121 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

48 PRESCRIPTIVE MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR SPACES: PLANTERS AND LANDSCAPE AREAS Planters and small landscape areas are included within the general hardscape area as long as the width or length of the inclusion is less than 10 ft., and the inclusion is bordered on at least three sides. Landscape areas that are greater than 10 ft. in both width and length are excluded from the general hardscape area calculation, but the perimeter of these exclusions may be included in the linear wattage allowance (LWA) calculation 10/7/2013 SLIDE 122 SECTION 5 OUTDOOR LIGHTING

49 EXTERIOR EXERCISE Photo: Cree 10/7/2013 SLIDE 123 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

50 EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 1 ILLUMINATED AREA Q1: How large would the illuminated area be for each of the poles in our parking lot? (Remember, the illuminated area is 10x the mounting height of the pole) The mounting height is 25. The illuminated area for each pole is 250ft. x 250ft.. Q2: Mark on the parking lot any areas that would be excluded from the illuminated area and the perimeter of the hardscape area. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 124 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

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52 EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 2 AREA AND PERIMETER Q3: Calculate the total included hardscape area. Entire square: (100x100) = 10,000 sq. ft. - Corner cutouts: 4 x (20 x 20) = -1,600 sq. ft. + Entryway: (15 x 10) = +150 sq. ft. TOTAL = 8,550 sq. ft. Q4: Calculate the total perimeter of the hardscape area. 3 Long Sides = 3 x 60 = 180 ft. 8 Cutout Sides = 8 x 20 = 160 ft. 1 Short Side = 1 x 45 = 45 ft. 2 Entry Sides = 2 x 10 = 20 ft. TOTAL = 405 ft. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 126 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

53 EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 3 CALCULATE ALLOWANCES Q5: Using Table A, determine the Initial, Area, and Perimeter Wattage Allowances for the area. ALLOWANCE TYPE ALLOWANCE SPACE SIZE POWER ALLOWANCE Initial 770W - 770W Area 0.09 W/sq. ft. 8,550 sq. ft. 770W Perimeter 0.60 W/ft. 405 ft. 243W 10/7/2013 SLIDE 127 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH

54 EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 4 DOES IT COMPLY? Q6: Using the allowances we calculated in Question 5, what is our total power allowance? Assuming each pole is using 300W of lighting power, does the space comply? Initial: Area: Perimeter: 770W 770W 243W TOTAL: 1,783W Yes, this space complies. It is allowed to use 1,783W of lighting power and is only using 600W. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 128 SECTION 5 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH