Integration of Climate Change Considerations into Urban Planning in Viet Nam

Transcription

1 Integration of Climate Change Considerations into Urban Planning in Viet Nam Presented by: Luu Duc Cuong, PhD. Director of Centre for Research and Planning on Urban & Rural Environment Viet Nam Institute for Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning Vietnam Ministry of Construction

2 CONTENTS 1. URBAN SYSTEM 2. CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS AND IMPACTS 3. URBAN PLANNING FRAMEWORK 4. MAINSTREAMING CC CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

3 VIETNAMESE URBAN SYSTEM

4 Urban system of Viet Nam Viet Nam: -Population: 91 millions -Area: 350,000km2 - Coastal line: 3,400km Urban areas (cities and towns with more than 4,000 population) are located in 10 urbanization regions

5 Urban System of Viet Nam - Urban network is developed based on regional urban center (large cities) - Urbanization is fast, from 500 cities/towns (1985) to 629 (1999), 755 (2010). 765 in 2013: + 2 cities of special class (Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh city) + 10 cities of Class cities of Class cities of Class cities of Class towns of Class 5 - Projection: by 2015 (urbanization rate: 38%) + 1,000 by 2025 (urbanization rate: 50%)

6 COASTAL ECONOMIC ZONES KHU KINH TẾ ĐÌNH VŨ - CÁT HẢI - HẢI PHÒNG KHU KINH TẾ THÁI BÌNH - THÁI BÌNH KHU KINH TẾ NINH CƠ - NAM ĐỊNH 18 coastal economic zones associated with large urban areas playing the role of national growth poles KHU KINH TẾ ĐÔNG NAM NGHỆ AN - NGHỆ AN KHU KINH TẾ HÒN LA - QUẢNG BÌNH KHU KINH TẾ ĐÔNG NAM - QUẢNG TRỊ KHU KINH TẾ ĐỊNH AN - TRÀ VINH KHU KINH TẾ NĂM CĂN - CÀ MAU

7 URBAN DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE SEA ECONOMY 9 coastal sub-regions corresponding to 3 coastal regions (Northern, Central and Southern) Population: 44 millions Urban Population: 14 millions Urbanization rate: 31% Number of urban areas: provinces

8 Temperature Precipitation Sea level rising

9 Average temperature increases 2-3 o C by 2100 Number of days having highest temperature (above 35 o C ) increases days Increased temperature by 2100

10 Annual rainfall increases 2-7% by 2100 Trend: decreases in dry season and increases in rainy season. Rainfall changes (%) by 2100

11 57-73cm by 2100 Highest in the South, lowest in the North

12 Viet Nam is one of the five most affected countries by Climate Change 39% of Mekong Delta inundated 10% of Red River Delta inundated 2.5% of Central Coastal Region inundated 20% of Ho Chi Minh city inundated Directly affecting 35% population of Mekong Delta provinces, 9% of Red River Delta provinces, 9% of Central Coastal provinces, 7% of Ho Chi Minh city; Directly affecting 4% of rail network, 9% of national road network, 12% of provincial road network

13 Extreme flood in Hanoi on 7/11/2008 Destroyed ecosystem Erosion FLOOD IN HANOI Flood in Mekong Delta Region Flood in HCM City

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16 Levels of Construction planning Regional planning Urban planning Zoning planning Detailed planning and urban design

17 MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING: CHALLENGES

18 Climate change makes existing problems of Vietnamese cities (e.g. overloaded infrastructure, pollution, limited financial resources, limited management capacity, urban sprawl ) more serious. CC, SLR, extreme weather events, floods, etc., are happening in a more complex manner and difficult to predict Risks are increasing due to the very strong toward the sea development strategy of Vietnamese urban areas Most coastal cities are highly vulnerable and have limited adaptive capacity CC has not yet been integrated into urban development programs and plans, partly because there are no institutionalized tools. Many of Vietnamese cities are old, causing difficulties in responding to CC in terms of upgrading and renovating urban facilities and infrastructure

19 Many coastal cities have already been suffering extreme weather events due to natural characteristics (e.g. saline intrusion in dry season, floods in rainy season). CC, human activities (e.g upstream hydropower plants reservoir discharge) and inappropriate urban development (e.g filling water spaces, building infrastructures that block water pathway) are making these more serious. Fast urbanization speed, especially at coastal cities increases the risks, creating conflicts with CC adaptation principles and destroying natural functions of ecosystem

20 Urban Planning, Technical Design, Urban Management and Implementation are undertaken in isolation, lacking integration. Disciplinary approach in urban planning cannot cope with new requirements of CC adaptation which calls for inter-disciplinary approach Interdisciplinary integrating tools to facilitate spatially unified framework are underdeveloped Planning timeframe is only years by law whereas many CC impacts only become explicit after years Economic development still receives higher priority in urban planning. Natural conservation, environmental protection have not yet received enough attention

21 Adaptive objectives have been developed but approaches and methodologies are not yet adequate and comprehensive Many projects on upgrading drainage systems with investment of billions dollars have been carrying out throughout the country but the effectiveness is limited due to passive & incomprehensive approach and limited vision The only institutionalized tool for environmental considerations in urban planning is Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) but this is a new tool recently developed in Vietnam; and therefore not yet considering CC as part of environmental issues

22 MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN PLANNING: OPPORTUNITIES

23 Integrated & comprehensive plans considering vision of years. Soft >< hard Non-technical >< technical Decentralized >< centralized Uncertain >< Certain Adapting to risks >< Mitigating risks Inter-disciplinary >< Disciplinary Strategic/Sustainable >< Short-term/Temporary

24 Reviewing the existing strategy of coastal urban development Integrating CC considerations in the strategy Clearly determining areas for development and those not

25 Vulnerability Assessment for most vulnerable urban areas Assessment of CC impacts on urban infrastructure Develop Urban CC database Adaptive recommendations for urban spatial orientations and urban technical/social infrastructure for different regions of the country

26 Incorporating legal requirements of CC considerations into urban planning, urban development programs/strategies Mandatory requirements of CC considerations in SEA for urban plans; thereby utilizing the only institutionalized tool Adjusting planning & construction standards taking into account CC impacts & uncertainties Incorporating CC-related contents in the universities planning curriculum Delivery of training courses for planning consultants and officers

27 It is not only for CC but also better planning Vietnam is currently under a process of planning reform towards more strategic/integrated meeting open-market and globalization instead of existing master/comprehensive planning inherited from centralized economy during the 60s

28 Thank you!