Teaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using EXPLORING DANGERS IN SPACE: ASTEROIDS, SPACE JUNK, AND MORE

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1 Teaching Third-Grade TEXT FEATURES Using EXPLORING DANGERS IN SPACE: ASTEROIDS, SPACE JUNK, AND MORE Features that help students understand how an informational text is organized: FEATURE Title page Contents page Chapter name, heading, or subheading Page number Glossary Further Reading and Websites Index PURPOSE Confirms title, author s name, and publisher Identifies the topics to be presented and their order Helps students identify main topics on a quick pass through the text Helps students with sequence of ideas and aids in using the index Defines new and important words Helps students expand their knowledge of the topic by listing other informational texts in print or on the Internet Lists the main ideas in the text, with page numbers to help students find them Visual aids that help students understand informational texts: VISUAL AID Photo, drawing, or illustration Diagram PURPOSE Shows how something in the text looked or might have looked Gives a more detailed view of a complex topic Features that point out important or additional information: FEATURE Copyright page Bold print Italic print Caption Label PURPOSE Tells students how current the information in a book is Tells students a word is new and important; sometimes a glossary term Tells students the word is supposed to stand out. It may be for emphasis or because it is a book name, a newspaper, a movie title, a foreign word, or the directional for a photo or an illustration. Points out what s in a photo, a drawing, or an illustration and relates it to the informational text; often gives more information Identifies important points of interest in a diagram or photograph that students might otherwise miss Copyright 2011 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner Digital TM and Lerner esource TM are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. From Exploring Dangers in Space: Asteroids, Space Junk, and More. by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 1

2 TITLE PAGE: This page tells you what the name, or the title, of the book is. It also tells you who wrote the book and who published it. What s Amazing about Space? Exploring Dangers in Space Asteroids, Space Junk, and More Buffy Silverman TITLE AUTHOR a Lerner Publications Company Minneapolis PUBLISHER 2

3 COPYRIGHT PAGE: This page tells you the year in which the book was published. This may be important for report writing when you need up-to-date information. On this page, you can also find the address of the publisher. Copyright 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review. Lerner Publications Company A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 241 First Avenue North Minneapolis, MN U.S.A. Website address: COPYRIGHT YEAR Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Silverman, Buffy. Exploring dangers in space : asteroids, space junk, and more / by Buffy Silverman. p. cm. (Searchlight Books What s amazing about space?) Includes index. ISBN (lib. bdg. : alk. paper) 1. Collisions (Astrophysics) Juvenile literature. 2. Near-Earth objects Juvenile literature. 3. Asteroids Collisions with Earth Juvenile literature. 4. Comets Collisions with Earth Juvenile literature. 5. Space debris Juvenile literature. 6. Meteoroids Juvenile literature. I. Title. QB466.C64S dc Manufactured in the United States of America 1 DP 7/15/11 3

4 Contents CONTENTS PAGE: This lists the chapters in your book by chapter title and the pages on which they begin. The contents might also list features, such as the index, that are at the end of the book. Chapter 1 SPACE ROCKS... page 4 Chapter 2 ASTEROIDS AND COMETS... page 9 Chapter 3 SMALLER SPACE OBJECTS... page 15 Chapter 4 CRATERS, CRASHES, AND DINOSAURS... page 22 Chapter 5 SPACE WATCH... page 30 Glossary 38 Learn More about Asteroids, Space Junk, and More 39 Index 40 4

5 CHAPTER TITLE: This tells you what topic will be discussed in the chapter. Chapter titles often give you the main ideas of the book. TEXT OR MAIN TEXT: These are the words and sentences that explain the main ideas. Main text looks different from chapter titles or captions. Chapter 2 ASTEROIDS AND COMETS Many small space rocks orbit the Sun. Asteroids and comets are much bigger. Some of their orbits bring them close to Earth. 9 The asteroid in this drawing orbits near Earth. What is the name for another kind of large space rock? PHOTOS: The photos or pictures in a book show what the words, or the text, describe. Looking at photos can help you understand the meaning of the text. CAPTION: These words tell you what is in the photo or picture on the page. A caption is usually close to the picture it goes with. Sometimes a caption will tell you if the picture is a photo or a drawing. A caption may also give you additional information that is not in the main text. Image Science Faction/SuperStock. 5

6 This is an artist s idea of what the Sun looks like from the surface of an asteroid. HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS: These separate the main text into smaller chunks of information. A heading tells you what the section below it is about. PAGE NUMBERS: Page numbers are on the lower part of most pages in a book. They tell you how far along you are in the book. They also help you find information from the index. 10 Asteroids Asteroids are large, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. Astronomers think asteroids are the leftover material from when planets formed. Image Ron Miller. 6

7 Most asteroids travel in the asteroid belt. This area is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Millions of asteroids are in the asteroid belt. LABELS: These ASTEROID BELT Jupiter are words in a diagram or photo that point out important parts of the diagram or photo. DIAGRAM: A diagram is a type of drawing. Short labels point out important parts of the drawing. Earth Mars Sun Mercury Venus Asteroid Belt 11 Copyright 2012 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Lerner DigitalTM and Lerner esourcetm are trademarks of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Image Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service. 7

8 GLOSSARY: This is a list of important new words that you have learned by reading the book. Each glossary word is in bold print. After the bold word is a phrase that tells the meaning of the word. Glossary asteroid: a large, rocky object that orbits the Sun asteroid belt: an area in space where most asteroids travel. The asteroid belt is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. astronomer: a scientist who studies outer space atmosphere: the layer of gases surrounding a planet comet: a chunk of ice. Dust and rocks are packed into the ice. Comets travel in long, oval orbits around the Sun. gravity: a force that pulls objects together impact crater: a mark left on a planet when an asteroid or a comet crashes into it meteor: a meteoroid that has entered Earth s atmosphere BOLD PRINT: Words in bold print have thick, black letters. You might not know what these words mean. They are usually in the glossary. meteorite: a meteor that has reached Earth s surface meteoroid: a small space rock that orbits the Sun near-earth asteroid (NEA): an asteroid that orbits close to Earth orbit: the path an object takes as it travels around another object satellite: a spacecraft used to send signals back and forth between Earth and space spacecraft: a vehicle that carries people and supplies to outer space space junk: satellites and other spacecraft that have stopped working telescope: an instrument that makes faraway objects appear bigger and closer 38 8

9 LEARN MORE: This is a list of books and websites on the same subject as the book you just read. The list is at the end of your book. Learn More about Asteroids, Space Junk, and More Books Florian, Douglas. Comets, Stars, the Moon, and Mars: Space Poems and Paintings. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Fun poems and paintings teach about outer space. Sparrow, Giles. Destination Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors. New York: PowerKids Press, Take an imaginary journey through space to see asteroids, comets, and meteors. Vogt, Gregory L. Meteors and Comets. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, Learn more about meteors and comets in this lively and informative book. ITALIC: This type is slanted to make a word or a phrase stand out. Italicized words may be names of books, newspapers, movies, ships, or foreign words. They may also tell you which caption goes with which photo. Websites Ask an Astronomer for Kids! Astronomers answer common questions about asteroids, comets, and more. Keeping an Eye on Space Rocks Discover how astronomers watch asteroids and comets on this site from NASA. StarChild solar_system.html Learn more about asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and other parts of the solar system. 39 9

10 INDEX: This is an alphabetical list of words at the end of your book. The index tells some of the book s main ideas. Each word is followed by page numbers. These numbers tell you where to go in the book to find that main idea. Index asteroid belt, 11 asteroids, 9 12, 16, 24 27, 30, astronomers, 6, 10, 29, 33 35, 37 atmosphere, 4, 8, 17, 20, 31 comets, 9, 13 14, 16, 27 30, 33, 35, 37 Earth, 4, 6 9, 12, 14, 17, 19 24, 27, 29, 31, 33 35, 37 gravity, 7, 28 Photo Acknowledgments impact craters, meteorites, meteoroids, meteors, 17 18, 23 orbit, 5, 9 12, 14, 19 21, 28, 35 shooting star, 4 space junk, space rocks, 4 6, 9, 15, 22 Sun, 5, 9 10, The images in this book are used with the permission of: Mark Bowler/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 4; Take 27 Ltd/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 5; Joyce Photographics/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 6; Science Faction/SuperStock, pp. 7, 9; Jonathan Burnett/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 8; Ron Miller, pp. 10, 31, 34, 37; Laura Westlund/Independent Picture Service, p. 11; Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers, Inc., pp. 12, 16, 35, 36; Mike Agliolo/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 13; NASA, NOAO, NSF, T. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), Z. Levay and L. Frattare (Space Telescope Science Institute), p. 14; Equinox Graphics/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 15; Stan Honda/AFP/Getty Images, p. 17; F1 Online/SuperStock, p. 18; Mehau Kulyk/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 19; U.S. Navy photo, p. 20; Science and Society/SuperStock, p. 21; RIA Novosti/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 22; Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 23; David A. Hardy/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 24; Mary Evans/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 25; New York Public Library Picture Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 26; Julian Baum/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 27; Hubble Space Telescope Comet Team, p. 28; Mount Stromio and Siding Spring Observatories, ANU/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 29; Richard Bizley/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 30; Mark Garlick/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 32; David Parker/Photo Researchers, Inc., p. 33. Front cover: Chris Bell/Taxi/Getty Images. Main body text set in Adrianna Regular 14/20 Typeface provided by Chank 40 10