Supplemental Material: Sensitivity of MENA Tropical Rainbelt to Dust. Shortwave Absorption: A High Resolution AGCM Experiment

Transcription

1 1 Supplemental Material: Sensitivity of MENA Tropical Rainbelt to Dust 2 Shortwave Absorption: A High Resolution AGCM Experiment 3 Hamza Kunhu Bangalath and Georgiy Stenchikov 4 5 Earth Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Corresponding author address: Hamza Kunhu Bangalath, Earth Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. hamzakunhu.bangalath@kaust.edu.sa Generated using v4.3.2 of the AMS LATEX template 1

2 ABSTRACT Supplemental Materials for the article entitled Sensitivity of MENA Tropical Rainbelt to Dust Shortwave Absorption: A High Resolution AGCM Experiment 2

3 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Mean Summer (JJA) precipitation rate (kg/m 2 /day) in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Mean Summer (JJA) total cloud amount (%) in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses Mean Summer (JJA) local Hadley circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses, and local Walker circulation over MENA in (c) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (d) Era Interim Re-analyses. Local Hadley circulation, m φ, and local Walker circulation, m λ are depicted as the vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with meridional and zonal overturning at 500 hpa level, respectively. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa Mean Summer (JJA) Regional Hadley circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses. Regional Hadley circulation, m φ, is depicted as the zonally averaged (20 0 W E) vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with meridional overturning. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa. Vectors represent the wind in the plane of cross section (U φ, ωφ). The values of ωφ are scaled by multiplying to Mean Summer (JJA) Regional Walker circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses. Regional Walker circulation, m λ, is depicted as the meridionally averaged (30 0 S N) vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with zonal overturning. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa. Vectors represent the wind in the plane of cross section (U λ, ωλ). The values of ωλ are scaled by multiplying to Mean Summer (JJA) wind speed and vector (m/s) in HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in Era Interim Re-analyses, at different pressure levels

4 37 38 FIG. 1. Mean Summer (JJA) precipitation rate (kg/m 2 /day) in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). 4

5 39 40 FIG. 2. Mean Summer (JJA) total cloud amount (%) in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses. 5

6 41 F IG. 3. Mean Summer (JJA) local Hadley circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations 42 and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses, and local Walker circulation over MENA in (c) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) 43 simulations and in (d) Era Interim Re-analyses. Local Hadley circulation, mφ, and local Walker circulation, mλ 44 are depicted as the vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with meridional and zonal overturning at hpa level, respectively. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa. 6

7 FIG. 4. Mean Summer (JJA) Regional Hadley circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses. Regional Hadley circulation, m φ, is depicted as the zonally averaged (20 0 W E) vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with meridional overturning. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa. Vectors represent the wind in the plane of cross section (U φ, ωφ). The values of ωφ are scaled by multiplying to

8 FIG. 5. Mean Summer (JJA) Regional Walker circulation over MENA in (a) HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in (b) Era Interim Re-analyses. Regional Walker circulation, m λ, is depicted as the meridionally averaged (30 0 S N) vertical mass flux (10 3 kgm 2 s 1 ) associated with zonal overturning. Positive values indicate ascending motion and vice versa. Vectors represent the wind in the plane of cross section (U λ, ωλ). The values of ωλ are scaled by multiplying to

9 56 57 F IG. 6. Mean Summer (JJA) wind speed and vector (m/s) in HiRAM (DUST1.5 case) simulations and in Era Interim Re-analyses, at different pressure levels 9