Optimizing Irrigation Systems. Rolston St. Hilaire Professor Plant and Environmental Sciences

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1 Optimizing Irrigtion Systems Rolston St. Hilire Professor Plnt nd Environmentl Sciences

2

3 Bsic components in mny residentil irrigtion systems

4 COMPONENTS OF A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

5 Some Common Components

6 Let s view n irrigtion system

7 Selected controllers for home use # Controller Selected Not selected nd why Averge of Irrigtion Adequcy * Averge of Irrigtion Excess * 1 Alex-Tronix Enercon Plus High wter irrigtion excess 100% 1.00% 2 Alex-Tronix Smrt 100% 0.20% It is not ET controller Clock 3 Aqu Conserve Aqu 100% 0.20% Selected ET-6 5 Clsense ET2000e Commercil 100% 0.00% 6 Cyber-Rin XCI High wter irrigtion excess 100% 11.60% 7 ETwter Smrt 100% 1.50% High wter irrigtion excess Controller 8 Hunter ET System Selected 100% 0.50% 9 Hunter Solr Sync High wter irrigtion excess 100% 7.55% 10 Hydrosver ETIC High wter irrigtion excess nd the irrigtion dequcy is not 100 % 98.9% 1.50% 11 Irritrol Smrt Dil Selected 100% 0.00% 12 Rin Bird ET Mnger Selected 100% 0.00% 13 Rin Mster RME Egle Commercil 14 SMG Superior Controls Sterling 8 The irrigtion dequcy is not 100 % 100% 0.00% 92.9% 0.00% The compny does not wnt to 100% 0.00% 15 Toro Intelli-Sense prticipte 16 WethermticSL1600 Selected 100% 0.40% The compny does not wnt to 100% 0.00% 17 WetherTRAK prticipte *(Irrigtion Assocition, 2007).

8 The six irrigtion controllers: RinBird ET mnger WetherMtic SL1600 Irritrol smrt dil $676 $128 $ 230 $ 285 Hunter Pro C (control) Aqu Conserve ET-6 ET Hunter system $ 89 $ 216 $ 620 $ 89

9 Instlling the irrigtion system Hunter ICV vlve 1 SeMetrics IP80 flow sensor ½

10 Electricl nd electronic setup

11 Turf plots fter estblishment

12 Results Tretment Gllons/ plot Gllons/ft 2 Event # Irrigtion frequency Gllons/ event/ plot Wter sving (%) Irritrol (-53) Rin Bird 220 b (-34) WetherMtic 322 c (-3) Hunter 80% (Control) 332 c Hunter ET 627 d (189) Aqu Conserve 861 e (259) Men seprtion within column ccording to Fisher s LSD test (P 0.05)

13 Conclusion

14 The controllers Mrch, 2010

15 Experimentl pln

16 Gllons / ft b April My Jun b b b July August September October Month November December Jnury Februry Mrch * No dt from Februry 1 to 18, 2011 Men seprtion within month by Fisher s LSD t P 0.05 b b b b b * b 28 gllons/ft 2 /yer Cumultive wter use (gllons / ft 2 ) RinBird Irritrol RinBird Irritrol

17 Soil moisture content (m 3 /m 3 ) April My June July August Sept. October Nov. Dec. Jnury Feb. Mrch N.S. N.S. N.S Sturted soil Field cpcity 50% of vilble wter Wilting point N.S. * * * * ** * * ** 2011 RinBird Irritrol Time fter tretment strted on April 1, 2010 (dy) N.S.,*, ** Non-significnt, or significnt t P 0.05, P

18 96 My 17 to 26, August 11 to 20, RWC (%) b RWC (%) P < P = RinBird Irritrol November 12 to 21, Februry 28, 2011 to Mrch 9, RWC (%) b RWC (%) P < P = Time fter tretment strted on April 1, 2010 (dy) Time fter tretment strted on April 1, 2010 (dy)

19 0.8 April My June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jn. Feb. Mr. 0.7 N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. 0.6 NDVI 0.5 N.S. ** N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. 0.4 N.S RinBird Irritrol Time fter tretment strted on April 1, 2010 (dy) N.S., ** Non-significnt, or significnt t P

20 Soil moisture sensor or climte sensors cn ssist Smrt controllers re good option, but need to know which one works best. Rolston s sying Not ll re set it nd forget it Controllers with sok feture seemed to be good Check for leks (mke every drop count) Adjust the sprys hed s needed. Eliminte the overspry

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22 Curved Lndscpes? Convert the curved edge to series of stright lines Adjustble rc sprinklers work gret in curved lndscpes

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24 Residents hve the lndscpes they prefer Comprison of Preferred nd Actul Residentil Lndscpes Across All Cities 100% Wter Conserving Preferred Actul Lndscpe Type 1/4 Turf, 3/4 Wter Conserving 1/2 Turf, 1/2 Wter Conserving Preferred Actul Preferred Actul 100% Trditionl Turfgrss Preferred Actul 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% Percent

25 Lndscpe types 8% 69% 23% 45% 4% 51% Desert Front yrd Bck yrd Trditionl Other Lndscpe preferences for homeowners in Ls Cruces, New Mexico

26 A Ls Cruces Study : We used field smpling to gther dt, clssified the lndscpes, nd linked the lndscpe type to the wter budget Purposive smpling 9 Lndscpes 3 High 3 Low 3 Moderte Totl = 54 Houses Ls Cruces Fire Deprtment, houses were sked for permission. Response rte ws 27.7 %.

27 Dt collection R.# Scientific Nme Are (M) 8 Lgerstroemi indic Pittosporum tobir Berberis spp Pittosporum tobir Buxus microphyll Pittosporum tobir 1.1 Identify plnt species Identify plnt hbit Plnt wter use level

28 Drwing nd zoning the lndscpes AutoCAD 2010 ws used to drw the selected lndscpes.

29 Clculted the coverge percentge of the lndscpe element percentges, wter use level nd ssigned lndscpe coefficient, nd lndscpe wter budget

30 Dt nlysis Frequency > 3 lndscpes Mjor lndscpe types in Ls Cruces Lest Squre Men Grouping ccording to wter use Dt Select mterils > 20 % or > 25 % or > 30 % or > 35 % Frequency < 3 lndscpes Minor lndscpe types in Ls Cruces Sorting ccording to wter use Lndscpe nme

31 Clssifiction of residentil lndscpes bsed on cumultive percentges of common lndscpe types Minimum percentge of lndscpe elements (%) Totl lndscpe number Common lndscpe number Cumultive percentge of common lndscpe types (%)

32 Lndscpe types # LANDSCAPE TYPE Frequency Percent 1 MULCH TREE MULCH TREE TURF HARD-SURFACE SHADE-STRUCTURE TURF HARD-SURFACE TREE TURF MULCH TURF MULCH HARD-SURFACE MULCH TREE HARD-SURFACE TURF HARD-SURFACE TURF HARD-SURFACE WATER SOIL TREE HARD-SURFACE TREE HARD-SURFACE SOIL TREE SOIL TREE SOIL TURF SHRUBTREE MULCH SHRUBTREE TURFMULCH (93%) Mjor lndscpe types in Ls Cruces (7%) Minor lndscpe types in Ls Cruces

33 Exmple of common lndscpe types Hrd-surfce Shde-structure Mulch Hrd-surfce Bck yrd (1) Front yrd (1) Bck yrd (1) Hrd-surfce Mulch Turf Mulch Tree Mulch Front yrd (2) Turf Tree Turf Mulch Tree Turf Bck yrd (1)

34 Wter budget No Low Moderte High c Wter budget (liter/yer/m 2 ) b b c c Hrd-Surfce Shde-Structure Hrd-Surfce Hrd-Surfce Mulch Mulch Turf Mulch Tree Mulch Lndscpe type Turf Tree Turf Mulch Tree Turf Lest Squres Mens within the lndscpe types ccording to Tukey-Krmer test (P 0.05).

35 Wter budget is wekly correlted with plnt type. Wter budget (L m -2 per yer) 3000 y = (K L ), r 2 = 0.3, P < Lndscpe coefficient

36 Wter budget is strongly correlted with coverge of the plnt mteril. Wter budget (L m -2 per yer) y = (Irrigted elements), r 2 = 0.95, P < Coverge of irrigted elements (%)

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