IP Addressing. and Subnetting. Workbook. Version 1.1
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1 IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook Version.
2 IP Address Classes Class A 27 (Network 27 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) Leading bit pattern... Network. Host. Host. Host Class B 28 9 Leading bit pattern... Network. Network. Host. Host Class C Leading bit pattern... Network. Network. Network. Host Class D (Reserved for multicast) Class E (Reserved for experimental, used for research) Class A... to Class B to Class C to Private Address Space Class A Class B Class C Default Subnet Masks Produced by: Robb Jones jonesr@careertech.net Frederick County Career & Technology Center Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Inside Cover Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.
3 Binary To Decimal Conversion Answers Scratch Area
4 Decimal To Binary Conversion Use all 8 bits for each problem = 255 Scratch Area
5 Address Class Identification Address Class.25.. A B
6 Network & Host Identification Circle the network portion of these addresses: Circle the host portion of these addresses:
7 Default Subnet Masks Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:
8 ANDING With s Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn t think that way. For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must AND the IP address with the subnet mask. Default Subnet Masks: Class A Class B Class C ANDING Equations: AND = AND = AND = AND = Sample: What you see... IP Address: What you can figure out in your head... Address Class: C Network Portion: Host Portion: In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with the subnet mask in binary. Network Host IP Address: Default Subnet Mask: AND: ( ) ( ) (92... ) ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network portion of the address. 6
9 ANDING With s When you take a single network such as and divide it into five smaller networks (92...6, , , , ) the outside world still sees the network as 92..., but the internal computers and routers see five smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP address. In this example each range has 4 usable addresses in it. The computer must still AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and which subnetwork it belongs to. IP Address: Custom Subnet Mask: Address Ranges: to (Invalid Range) to (st Usable Range) to (Range in the sample below) to to to to to to to to to to to to to (Invalid Range) IP Address: Custom Subnet Mask: AND: Network Four bits borrowed from the host portion of the address for the custom subnet mask. Sub Network Host The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits shows which range of IP addresses this particular address will fall into. ( ) ( ) ( ) In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses. 7
10 Problem Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks C Show your work for Problem in the space below. Number of Number of Hosts Subnets Binary values Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 8 Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets
11 Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks B ,24, ,536 Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts Number of Subnets Binary values Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask , Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets. 4,96 8,92 Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 6,384 32,768 65,536 9
12 Custom Subnet Masks Problem /26 B /26 indicates the total number of bits used for the network and subnetwork portion of the address. All bits remaining belong to the host portion of the address ,24, Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. 32,768 65,536 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts Number of Subnets Binary values Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask , Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets. 4,96 8,92 Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts. 6,384 32,768 65,536
13 Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. Number of Number of Hosts Subnets Binary values
14 Problem 5 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. Number of Number of Hosts Subnets Binary values
15 Problem 6 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 26 3, Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below. 262,44 524,288,48,576 2,97,52 4,94,34 3,72 65,536 6,384 32,768 4,96 8,92,24 2,48 Number of Hosts Number of Subnets ,24 2,48 Binary values ,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536. 3,72 262,44 524,288,48,576 2,97,52 4,94,34 3
16 Problem 7 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below. 65,536 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48,24 52 Number of Hosts Number of Subnets Binary values ,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536 4
17 Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below. 5
18 Problem 9 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks 6, Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below. 6
19 Problem Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem in the space below. 7
20 Problem Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem in the space below. 8
21 Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 9
22 Problem 3 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. 2
23 Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. 2
24 Problem 5 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. 22
25 Problem 6 Number of needed usable hosts Custom Subnet Masks Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below. 23
26 Problem Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting C What is the 3rd usable subnet range? to What is the subnet number for the 7th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? to
27 Show your work for Problem in the space below. Number of Number of Hosts Subnets Binary values (Invalid range) (Invalid range) to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to Custom subnet mask Usable subnets Usable hosts The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this problem the range is 6. The first and last range of addresses are not usable. The first usable range of addresses is: to The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number. The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast address. 25
28 Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting B ,24, What is the 4th usable subnet range? to What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? to
29 ,24 2,48 4,96 8,92 6,384 32,768 65,536 Number of Hosts - 65,536 32,768 6,384 Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 8,92 4, Number of Subnets Binary values to to to to (Invalid range) Usable hosts to to to to , to to to to Usable subnets Custom subnet mask to to to to The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this problem the range is 64. The first and last range of addresses are not usable. The first usable range of addresses is: to Down to The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number to to (Invalid range) The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast address. 27
30 Problem 3 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting What is the 2nd usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the st usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the st usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 28
31 Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. Number of Number of Hosts Subnets Binary values
32 Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 2th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 9th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 3
33 Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. 3
34 Problem 5 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? 32
35 Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. 33
36 Problem 6 Subnetting Number of needed usable subnets What is the 8th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? 34
37 Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below. 35
38 Subnetting Problem 7... /6 What is the th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the st usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? 36
39 Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below. 37
40 Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting What is the 3rd usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 38
41 Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below. 39
42 Problem 9 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 9th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 4
43 Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below. 4
44 Problem Number of needed usable subnets Subnetting What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the th usable subnet? 42
45 Show your work for Problem in the space below. 43
46 Problem Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting 8, What is the 5th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 6th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 4th usable subnet? 44
47 Show your work for Problem in the space below. 45
48 Problem 2 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting What is the st usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the st usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? 46
49 Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below. 47
50 Subnetting Problem /26 What is the 9th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 22nd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 2st usable subnet? 48
51 Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below. 49
52 Problem 4 Number of needed usable hosts Subnetting What is the 6th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? 5
53 Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below. 5
54 Subnetting Problem \9 What is the 4th usable subnet range? What is the subnet number for the 8th usable subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? What are the assignable addresses for the th usable subnet? 52
55 Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below. 53
56 Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are correct and usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why. IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: Subnet Mask: IP Address: /22 IP Address: Subnet Mask: The network ID cannot be. OK
57 # of Bits Borrowed # of Bits Borrowed # of Bits Borrowed Subnet Mask Subnet Mask Subnet Mask Class A Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets ,24,22 2,48 2,46 4,96 4,94 8,92 8,9 6,384 6,382 32,768 32,766 65,536 65,534 3,72 3,7 262,44 262,42 524, ,286,48,576,48,574 2,97,52 2,97,5 4,94,34 4,94,32 Class B Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets ,24,22 2,48 2,46 4,96 4,94 8,92 8,9 6,384 6,382 Class C Addressing Guide Total # of Usable # of Subnets Subnets Total # of Hosts 4,94,34 2,97,52,48, , ,44 3,72 65,536 32,768 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48, Total # of Hosts 6,384 8,92 4,96 2,48, Total # of Hosts Usable # of Hosts 4,94,32 2,97,5,48, , ,42 3,7 65,534 32,766 6,382 8,9 4,94 2,46, Usable # of Hosts 6,382 8,9 4,94 2,46, Usable # of Hosts Inside Cover
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