MEP Practice Book SA10

Transcription

1 10 Equations 10.1 Negative Numbers 1. Rewrite each of the following sets of numbers in increasing order. (a), 0, 10,, 1,,, 0, 10,, 1 (c) 1, 4, 7,,, 10 (d) 1, 41, 11, 1, 11, 1. Write down all the integers that lie between: (a) and, and +, (c) 7 and 0, (d) and 1.. Insert a "<" sign or a ">" sign between each pair of numbers so that it reads correctly. (a)?? 4 (c)? 8 (d) 10? Find the number.4 on the number line. Mark it with an arrow ( ) on a copy of the number line. 6 7 (Edecel). The table shows the lowest temperatures during five months in 004 in a town in Auckland. Month Lowest Temperature January 16 C March 6C May 1C July 4 C September 7 C 11

2 10.1 (a) (c) Work out the difference in lowest temperature between January and March. Work out the difference in lowest temperature between March and July. In one month, the lowest temperature was C higher than the lowest temperature in May. Which month was this? The lowest temperature in November was 10 C lower than the lowest temperature in May. (d) Work out the lowest temperature in November. 10. Arithmetic with Negative Numbers (Edecel) 1. What is the value of: (a) (c) ( ) (d) 7 ( ) (e) 4 ( ) (f) ( 1) ( 4) (g) 1 ( ) (h) ( 1) (i) ( 1) ( ) (j) ( 1) 4 (k) ( 10) ( ) (l) 4 ( ) (m) 6 ( 7) (n) ( 8) ( 4 ) (o) 8 ( ) (p) ( 9) (q) 10 ( 1 ) (r) ( 10) ( 1). Calculate the value of each of the following epressions (first evaluate the epressions inside the brackets). ( ( )) ( ) ( ( )) ( ) (a) 6 7 ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( ) (c) (d) ( ( )) ( ) (e) 10 (g) 7 ( ) (f) ( 10 + ( 10) ) ( 4 ) ( ( )) ( ) (h) ( ) 10. Simplifying Epressions 1. Simplify, as far as possible, each of these epressions: (a) (c) (d) a + a + 6 ( 1 4) ( 1 ( ) ) (e) a b + 6a + 7b (f) 4a y + a + 6y (g) + 4 y + y (h) + 7y 4 + y + 1 (i) 4p + 8q 4p + 8q (j) + y 10 11y 116

3 . Collect like terms together where possible in each of the following epressions. (a) (c) y + y 4y 4y (d) + y y (e) + y 4 + y (f) y + y + 4y (g) (h) 4ab 7bc + ab ac. Epand the following: (a) 4 ( + ) ( + ) (c) 6 ( + 1) (d) 4 ( ) (e) ( + y) (f) 7 ( y) (g) ( 1+ y) (h) ( + y) (i) ( + y ) (j) ( 1+ + y) (k) ( 1+ y) (l) ( + y) 4. Simplify each of the following epressions by first removing the brackets. (a) ( + 1) (c) ( + y) + y (e) 4 ( a + b) + a + b. (a) Simplify 8p + q p+ q Simplify + 8y y ( ) ( 1) + ( + 4) ( ) (d) ( y) ( + y) ( ) (f) ( + y) 4 ( + y) (c) Simplify w w 10.4 Simple Equations (Edecel) 1. Solve each of the following equations: (a) + = 8 = 4 (c) + = 10 (d) = 9 (e) 6 + = 7 (f) = 6 (g) 6 = 4 (h) 7 = 14 (i) 1 = 4 (j) = 6 (k). Solve each of these equations: = (l) 1= 4 (a) + 4 = + = (c) = 7 (d) = 1 (e) = 0 (f) + 1= (g) 1= 14 (h) + = 8 (i) 4 = 8 (j) 4 7 = 9 (k) 9 = 8 (l) + 7 =

4 10.4. One number is greater than another by 4, and their sum is. Find the two numbers. 4. When a number is doubled and is taken from the result, the answer is 7. What is the number?. The sum of two numbers is 10. If the larger number is four times the smaller number, what are the two numbers? 6. Andrew is years older than Tim. If Tim is aged 1, then write down an equation or, the age of Andrew. Solve this equation for. 7. Morag thought of a number. She doubled this number and added 10 to give the result. What number did Morag think of? 8. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 10. If is the smallest of the three numbers, write down the equation that satisfies. Hence, solve for. 9. When 4 is added to twice a number, the result is 46. Find the number. 10. A man was 6 years old when his son was born. Now, he is three times as old as his son. How old is the son now? 11. (a) Simplify p + p + 4p Solve the following equations (i) 1 = 9 (ii) 6y = 48 (c) For the formula r = q 4, find the value of r when q = The length of each side of an equilateral triangle is ( + ) centimetres. (OCR) (a) Find an epression, in terms of, for the perimeter of the equilateral triangle. Give your epression in its simplest form. The perimeter of the equilateral triangle is. cm Work out the value of. 10. Solving Equations (Edecel) 1. Solve the following equations. (a) 7 = 4 = 8 (c) + = 7 (d) + 9 = 0 (e) 1 = 9 (f) 17 + = 118

5 (g) = 1 + (h) 7 = 4 (i) 4 = 1 (j) 7 14 = 18 4 (k) 8 7 = + 4 (l) = 9 Solve the following equations. (a) 4 = 1 1= 4 (c) = 4 (d) + = 1 (e) + = (f) = (g) 4 7 = 0 (h) + 4 = (i) 1 = 1 1 (j) 7 + =. Solve the following equations. ( ) = 9( 4) = (a) 4 7 (c) ( + )= (d) 8 ( + )= 4 ( ) = ( ) (f) ( + ) = 7 ( 4) (e) (g) ( )= 4 ( ) (h) ( + 1) = ( ) + 9 (i) 1 ( 4 + 4) = 1 1 (k) + 6 [ ( )+ ] = ( ) (j) 4 [ ( )] = (l) 17( ) = ( 7 1) 4. When a number is multiplied by, it gives the same result as when 48 is added to twice the number. Write down an equation for, and find its solution.. Ahmad is twice as old as Bobby. John is 7 years younger than Ahmad. If the sum of their ages is 8, how old are the three boys? 6. Janet is three times as old as her daughter, Mary. Five years ago Janet was four times as old as Mary. How old is Janet now? How old will Mary be in 7 years' time? 7. Two boys, A and B, are 600 m apart. They walk towards each other at speeds of m per minute and m per minute respectively. After how many minutes will they meet each other? 8. Two men, P and Q, start at the same point and travel in opposite directions by motorcycle. The speed at which P's motorcycle travels is 4 km/h faster than Q's. After hours, they are 80 km apart. Find the speed at which P travels. 9. Solve the equations. (a) 4 + = y = 9 y 119

6 Mrs. Root gave her maths class this problem: "When 8 is added to a certain number, the result is times as large as when is subtracted from the number." She asked the class to find the original number. Paul solved the problem using the equation Solve this equation. ( ) + 8 = 11. Brenda went out walking and running. She travelled 7 km. She walked part of the way at 6 km/hour, and ran the rest of the way at 1 km/hour. The distance she ran was km. (a) Write down an epression for the time taken running. ( 7 ) The time taken walking was 6 hours. The total time spent walking and running was one hour. (i) Write down an equation in terms of. (ii) Find the value of. 1. Solve the equations. (a) = 4y = 11 (c) 7z = 6 + z (AQA) 1. Solve the equations 17 (a) = 4. ( ) = y y ( ) + ( + ) = ( ) + ( ) (AQA) (c) z 1 4z z 1 4z Trial and Improvement Method 1. Solve, using a trial and improvement method, each of the following equations, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place. (a) 4 = + =10 (c) = 6 (d) + = 4. Use trial and improvement methods to find the solution of each of these equations, giving your answer to decimal places. (a) + 4 = 0 + 1= 0 (c) + 4 = 0 (d) + + = 0 10

7 10.7. George has to find a solution to the equation + = 10, correct to one decimal place. First he tries =.0 and finds that the value of + is 1. By trying other values of find a solution of the equation + = 10, correct to one decimal place. You must show all your working. (SEG) 4. (a) Without using a calculator, write down an estimate of the square root of 40. Give your estimate correct to one decimal place. Eplain how you obtained your estimate to the square root of 40. (c) Use a trial and improvement method to find the square root of 40 correct to two decimal places. Show your working clearly.. is a number such that ( + 1) ( 1)= 0. (a) Find the two consecutive whole numbers between which must lie. Use the method of trial and improvement to find the solution correct to significant figures. (NEAB) 6. Dilip is using trial and improvement to solve equations. (a) He finds the solution of a certain equation lies between.71 and.74. Write down an approimation to the solution, correct to as many significant figures as are justified so far. The solution to another equation lies between 4.6 and Write down an approimation to the solution, correct to as many significant figures as are justified so far. (SEG) 7. Use trial and improvement to complete a copy of the table to find a solution to the equation = 90 Give your answer to 1 decimal place. 11

8 10.6 Comment 4 6 Too low 11 Too high (AQA) 8. The equation has a solution between and = 1 Use a trial and improvement method to find this solution. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. You must show all your working Epanding Brackets (Edecel) 1. Multiply out and simplify. (a) 1+ ( ) ( + 1) (c) ( 1) (d) 4 + ( ) (e) ( ) (f) ( 1+ ) (g) + 1 (h) (i) + 1 (j) (k) 1+ a 1 a (l) + y y (n) ( + ) (m) a + b c d. Epand the following: ( ) zz ( y) (c) (a) 6 + y ( ) 1 (d) qp+ r s (e) p + q r s (h) ( m + n) ( p + q) (g) a + b a c (j) e f g h 1 y 4yz ( ) (f) ( + y) ( z + w) (i) a b c d (k) ( p 4q) ( s + t) (l) ( a + 7) ( b + ) 1

9 (m) + 4 (n) a + a (o) 7 6 (p) + c 6 c (q) 1 4 y (r) p + p (t) ( d )( d ) (s) 4 + y y (v) ( ) 7 (u) a + ( ) (w) ( b + ) () ( e 4) ( ) (z) ( ) (y) + 1. Simplify these epressions as far as possible. ( ) ( 4m n) (a) p + q (c) + (d) y + 7 y 7 (f) ( 6 + y) ( 6 y) (e) a + a (g) (h) a a 4. (a) Multiply out and simplify ( 1) ( + ) Show how you could use your answer to (a) to work out 9.. (a) (i) Multiply out 4+ ( ). (ii) Multiply out and simplify + Four identical rectangular tiles are placed around a square tile as shown in the diagram. ( + ) cm cm cm ( + ) cm Using your answers to (a), or otherwise, find the area of the square tile. 1

10 (a) Epand dd ( + 6) 4 4 Simplify g g ( ) + ( ) (c) Epand and simplify p + p 1 (AQA) ( ) + ( + ) 7. (a) Epand and simplify ( ) Epand 4 (AQA) 10.8 Simultaneous Linear Equations 1. Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations: (a) + y =14 y = 1 (c) y = 9 y = 4 y = 0 4 y = 14 (d) y = 1 (e) + 4y = 4 (f) + y = y = + 4y = 8 + 9y = (g) + y = 0 (h) y = (i) y = 7 + y = y = y = 1 (j) a b = 9 (k) 8y = 1 (l) m + n = 4 a + b = y = 4m + n = 0 (m) + 7y = 17 (n) u v = 9 + y = 1 7u v = 8. Solve the simultaneous equations + y = y = 76. Solve the following equations: (a) + y = 7 y = 7 (c) + y = 1 y = y = y = (d) + y = 1 (e) + y + 7 = 0 (f) + y= 17 y= 41 y + 1= 0 y= 19 (g) + y= 8 (h) = y (i) 7 y + = 0 y = 8 y = 1 + y 1= 0 (j) y = 1 (k) + y = 7 (l) + 7y = 1 + y = 1 y 4 = 11 y = Suvinder spends 6 on 100 postage stamps. If of them are 0p stamps and the remaining y are p stamps, write down two equations in and y and solve them. 14

11 . Harry pays 8.0 for kg of flour and kg of sugar. Sarah pays 1.0 for 8 kg of flour and 4 kg of sugar. If the cost of flour is per kg and the cost of sugar is y per kg, write down two equations in and y and solve them. 6. John and David have altogether. If John's money is doubled and David's tripled, they will have 4.00 altogether. How much does each boy have? 7. A retailer can buy either two television sets and three video-recorders for 70, or four television sets and one video-recorder for 40. What is the cost of a television set? What is the cost of a video-recorder? 8. A toothbrush and a tube of toothpaste cost 4.1; the toothbrush costs p less than the tube of toothpaste. Find the cost of each item. 9. A grocer wants to mi a type of spice which costs per kilogram with another type which costs 1 per kilogram, to obtain 0 kilograms of miture which will cost 1 per kilogram. What quantity of each spice must the grocer take? 10. Mrs Rogers bought blouses and scarves. She paid 6. Mrs Summers bought 4 blouses and 1 scarf. She paid 8. The cost of a blouse was pounds. The cost of a scarf was y pounds. (a) Use the information to write down two equations in and y. Solve these equations to find the cost of one blouse. 11. Solve y = + 4y = 8 (Edecel) 1. Solve the simultaneous equations y = + + y = You must show your working. Do not use trial and improvement. (AQA) 1