UDJGalati, Romania. Energy, cogeneration, Stirling engine

Transcription

1 Energy, cogeneration, Stirling engine mchps 1

2 today s context abatement of fuel resources (oil crisis) and of greenhouse effect trying to develop Important concept new alternative solution for obtaining electricity (regenerating energy sources) and for streamlining technologies used in fuel consumption the DER- Distributed/ Decentralized Energy Resources concept by decentralizing the production of thermal and electrical energy mchps 2

3 (micro Cogeneration Heat and Power with Stirling engine) System is composed of a heat generator-stirling motor-electric generator-storage battery-static inverter and allows that a part of heat from burned gases and a part of heat accumulated in heat storage battery to be transformed in electricity mchps 3

4 the integration of Stirling engine (that has the advantage of external burn of any type of fuel wood, natural gases, LPG, biomass, biogas, waste, etc) with an electric generator (permanent magnets) and interfacing with an electronic module that has a programmed logical (IT) for monitoring, protection and command (MPCS). using a static inverter dc-ac is performed the conformation of parameters according to client s demands. a system of electrical storage batteries allows accumulation of energy from burning system s operational peak and assures consumer s continuity in electrical supply. employment of Stirling motor correlated with use of performance materials in heat transfer and accumulation allows the expansion of electricity production and when there is no combustion process Stirling engine is capable of producing mechanical work based on heat and temperature difference burned gases/ ambient area that are then transformed in electricity with the help of an electrical generator, mchps 4

5 a) study different ways of completing the mchp-s system; b) behavior, study, moderating and simulation for different materials that by optimizing their properties determine the conversion s efficiency augmentation from fuels energy to electrical and thermal energy; c) achieving a mchp-s cogeneration system (heat and electricity); d) experimental characterisations of system, determining a complex quality criteria for the system and the optimizing it; e) establish a concept and development methodology for a mchp-s cogeneration system. mchps 5

6 General objective 1 (GO1): proving the positive impact of introducing cogeneration in mchp-s systems based on Stirling motors, designed heat and energy supply of residential consumers isolated and/or no electrified, where the proper comfort is assured. General objective 2 (GO2): use of inferior fuels (wood, coal, biomass, wastes) to obtain heat, hot water and electricity in residential area. General objective 2 (GO3): use of systems based on programmed logical equipment in adjusting and optimizing energetic flows. Project s specific objectives (SO): Specific objective 1(SO1): conceptual analysis of mchp-s system s elements including measuring, command protection and monitoring systems. Specific objective 2 (SO2): analyzing and developing models of cogeneration systems using Stirling motor (mchp-s). Specific objective 3 (SO3): determining function characteristics for mchp-s system s elements and establish a complex criteria relation to evaluate mchp-s systems according to its energetic efficiency, energetic quality and thermal comfort degree. Specific objective 4 (SO4): establish own mathematical principles for mchp-s system s elements and simulating their function regime Specific objective 5 (SO5): establish global mathematical models for mchp-s systems in order to achieve diversity, to compare results and simulate. Specific objective 6 (SO5): comparative study of costs for thermal and electrical independent supply systems and for cogeneration system like mchp-s and its constitutive elements. Specific objective 7 (SO7): elaborate a constructive development procedure for a cogeneration system like mchp-s, used as experimental model, to validate performed research through experiments and testing them in laboratory. Specific objective 8 (SO8): elaborate documentation of cogeneration mchp-s systems for small power (3kWe and 24kWt). Specific objective 9 (SO9): managerial objectives: partners coordination, internal coordination, papers deploying diagram, critical path diagram, papers coordination, reports elaboration, intern rubber stamp, equipment acquisition. Specific objective 10 (SO10): Environmental impact Specific objective 11(SO11): technological transfer of research result and results dissemination. mchps 6

7 The main purpose: development and accumulation of technological knowledge regarding mchp-s systems of generating energy as durable alternative, with primary accent on primary energetic resources in quality and supply safety conditions and with keeping the principle of durable development. The proposal also contributes to the development of theoretical knowledge due to its complex and multidisciplinary theme, due to the performance of an experimental model and the necessity of theoretic fundaments of interface solutions for mchp-s system s independent functionality and efficient usage of sub-systems by accomplishing process and interaction models. Also, considering heterogeneous criteria and optimization (electrical efficiency, thermal comfort degree, etc.), quality (quality of supplied electricity, functional quality criteria) and durability (specific maintenance, use safety, lifetime) complexes, it contributes to the augmentation of analysis capacity and ability to offer viable solutions to nowadays complex problems.). mchps 7

8 in mountain areas mchp-s system can be adapted to classical or modern heating installation that is based on inferior or regenerable fuels. Thermal comfort index in a residential building becomes critical in no electrified and/or isolated areas, where substantial investments are made in acquisition of separate units: electricity supply unit (electrogen unit) and heating unit based on liquefied gases (LPG). The project proposes the capitalization of CHP system s general advantages augmentation of fuel usage efficiency, low emission of CO 2, consumer s energetic independence with the advantages of using Stirling motors use of inferior and regenerable fuels mchps 8

9 is developed on three main directions gathering knowledge (combustion processes, choosing performing materials, elaborating molding and specific stimulation methods, optimizing criteria) - applicable research (achieving a new, innovative product) - technological transfer (transfer of obtained results to economic agents, small and middle enterprises in order to attract them in new researchdevelopment projects mchps 9

10 Romania, as EU member, assumed European strategic objectives in regenerable resources area through GR 443/2002 (modified by GR 958/2005) regarding production of electricity from regenerable sources and GR 1535/2003 regarding capitalizing strategy. Today in Romania there are high power CHP systems (CETs) analyzed by ISPE in Improving CHP/DHC Systems in CEEC contract nr. NNE5/2002/52: OPET CHP/DH Cluster report. In this one is described the situation of electrical and thermal energy distribution in urban areas, from fuels, power and conversion efficiency s point of view, proving the great delay in manufacturing and modernizing CHP units and their necessary high investments also unattractive to investors. In conformity with C.E directive no. 8/2004 it can be concluded that in Romania there are no micro-chps compared to EU states mchps 10

11 In conformity with C.E directive no. 8/2004 of European Council Parliament regarding cogeneration promotion, combined production units with unite electrical supply from few kw to 50 kw are micro-chp, between 50 and 1000 KW are of average power and between 1000kW and maximum 10 MW are of high power. mchps 11

12 mchps 12

13 The project takes into consideration the usage of inferior fuels in generating heat and electricity directly at consumers area, using a system that contains, heat generator- Stirling motor-electrical generator-static inverter and a command, monitoring and protection system in order to compensate fuel s quality variability. The main disadvantage of using other types of thermal motors (first step of CHP conversion) in residential heat supply systems is the need of high quality fuels (mineral oil, natural gases, liquefied gases). The augmentation of superior fuels need also increased their prices and costs in producing thermal energy. mchps 13

14 an immediate effect is represented by the positive effect on the market as an alternative for electrical autonomy, for reducing cost of isolated consumers by capitalizing the energetic potential of inferior fuels (that are anyway used in heating). The hybrid system is designed to assure energetic autonomy can be implemented, especially, in isolated areas or with low regional development. Using this energetic system, the user does not only become consumer but also energy producer. Is estimated that the main social effect will be augmentation of life conditions to European standards, reduction of differences between rural and urban residential areas and mainly the presentation of a solution for the resolution of comfort problems for consumers in no electrified and/or isolated areas that have access to inferior fuels. An efficient and viable mchp-s system that incorporates new performing materials and where conversions are made at maximum efficiency can increase its interest and applicability area. mchp-s system s important elements demand new and innovatory ideas in order to elaborate competitive and attractive equipments for a technological transfer. T he key of the proposed project is the integration of high technology (IT) at MPCS level, meaning development systems with microprocessors, specialized software to involve young specialist that bring performance to this domain. Not to neglect is also the special domain of materials used in technologies to elaborate mchp-s system s element for which the conversion efficiency becomes the main choice and development criteria. mchps 14

15 Environmental effects are important from the following point of view: in search of superior fuels (stable, expensive, efficient), part of inferior fuels are rarely used and in this way become pollutant for environment (wood, biomass and biogas wastes). Their transformation in electrical and thermal energy in CHP systems with high efficiency determines the direct abatement of emission with greenhouse effect (CO 2 ) and possibility to eliminate some wasted through burning. mchps 15

16 Challenge young specialist in R&D activities. Regarding partners involve, this project achievement is an opportunity to attract young MA students and graduants in combining theoretical and practical knowledge Partners part of this project, by promoting in personnel list young MA students and graduants interested in regenerable energy domain, offer them possibilities to increase their knowledge and competence in trying, in the future, to create complex projects. Because of this in this project are involved MA students and graduants. All involved in this project will have new opportunities to develop interdisciplinary research at national and international level, technological transfer, experience exchange and cooperation through European partnership for developing research-development and demonstrative projects mchps 16

17 Coordinator (CO) through project team has specialist in domains like: electrical (machines and electrical installations), electronics (electronics and automatics), thermal (thermal machines) and metallurgy and materials science (materials technology, materials research). These are demonstrated by the didactical activity (CV presentation), research activity thorough following contracts: CEEX 168/2006-centered on Aeolian conversion, CEEX 239/2006- cogeneration thematic, CEEX 285/2006- environmental domain, PNCDI tirgeneration thematic, PNCDI in energetic efficiency area, through papers and members specializations. Due to project s complex thematic the coordinator research collective has professors with multidisciplinary experience, with teaching and research experience in complementary domains. Coordinators experience in national project management is supported by the project coordinated in PNCDI1 (21063 on trigeneration thematic, on energetic efficiency thematic). Partner 1 (P1) composed of professors with research experience (in national and international programs and of young researcher with specialization in energy conversion domain, but also of specialist in power electronics and electrical operation and with competence in electro mechanics and regenerable energies conversion, proved in contracts like CEEX 168/2006, CEEX 239/2006 (project coordinator) and papers presented in CVs. Also partner 1 has in its collective specialist with trainings in theme s field Partner 2 (P2) is the first from the country involved in UE aquis in renewable energies fields through New Sources of Energy Laboratory (NSE) and it also has preoccupations in the following directions: conversion systems with co - phase generators, modifications of energy conversion systems, achievement of experimental and production models in fields like: special electrical machines, brushless thruster, electrical equipments, electro technical materials, electro technologies; partner status being eloquent in the project proposal: FP7-ENERGU-2007-RTD from with title: Biogas based energy for rural development. International cooperation for biogas technology transfer and electricity generation. Partner P1 (UPB) and P2 (ICPE SA) experience in energy field is relevant due to their achievement to administer, on top of Electric Engineering Faculty- Politehnica University Bucuresti, the biggest photovoltaic central from south-east Europe of 35 kw mchps 17