Grid and Market Integration activities in Cyprus and the need for storage

Transcription

1 Grid and Market Integration activities in Cyprus and the need for storage Mr. Ioannis Koumparou FOSS / UCY Athens - Greece 09 Feb 2016

2 2 Contents Cyprus electricity grid Electricity demand during the recession New opportunities Evolution of PV systems in Cyprus Issues Raised Net-metering, grid charges and investment opportunities The need for DSM/Storage SmartPV project Characterizing the daily sky-conditions for BESS evaluation Evaluating a BESS for a 50 MWp CSP plant in Cyprus (Helios Power) Green+ Project : RES and Storage solution for Cyprus Energy quality and the need for storage

3 3 Consortium

4 4 Cyprus: Electricity Network Isolated electricity network No interconnection with other EU countries Euro Asia Interconnector 600 kv DC underwater cable between Crete, Cyprus and Israel Capacity : 2000 MWp

5 Energy Mix Energy Production and Electricity Mix in Cyprus PV : 63 MWp Wind: 150 MWp Biomass : 10 MWp Peak Demand : 900 MW 2020 RES Target PV : 192 MWp CSP : 75 MWp Wind : 175 MWp Biomass : 17 MWp 16 % RES Energy Electricity demand drops due to the economic depression Great opportunity to restructure the energy plan for Cyprus

6 6 Installed PV Capacity (%) PV Systems in Cyprus MWp Installed Capacity by 31/12/2015 PV systems 80 under the FiT Scheme or the Net-metering Policy Installed PV Capacity (MWp) MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp 8.04 MWp MWp MWp MWp /14 06/14 07/14 08/14 09/14 10/14 10 Installed PV Capacity MWp MWp MWp MWp MWp 11/14 12/14 01/15 02/15 03/15 Month Net metering Feed in Tariff MWp17.5 MWp MWp 88 % Growth MWp MWp 9.30 MWp 64 % Growth 5.64 MWp 113 % Growth 2.64 MWp MWp 04/15 05/15 06/15 07/15 08/15 09/15 10/15 11/ MWp 94 % Growth PV systems are distributed throughout the island Feed-in-Tariff 0 : 1907 systems ( MWp) (Largest Plant 3 MWp) Net metering : Domestic Systems up to 3 kwp 7425 systems ( MWp) Year 12/15 01/ MWp 86 % Growth MWp % Growth New regulation : Net-metering 4 All up to 5 kwp for Domestic, commercial and industrial use

7 7 Net energy metering as applied in Cyprus - Excess energy goes back to the grid + Energy used from the grid Net-metering as applied in Cyprus: Limited to 3 kwp (until 2015), now limited to 5 kwp PV system For all consumers : Domestic (up to 2015), Commercial, Industrial Bimonthly billing Any excess kwh by the end of the billing period can be transferred to the next period up to a year Full netting : prosumer can offset the entire grid electricity with PV electricity Capacity payment applies : VAT (19 %) / kwp / year

8 8 Net-metering scheme: Fixed charges Charges for Net metering ( / kwp) before VAT after VAT (19 %) Operating expenses of TSO % % Ancillary Services % % Time lag between PV production and House demand % % Charge for tertiary reserve % % Charge for transmission network % % Distribution Network fee Medium Voltage % % Distribution Network fee Low Voltage % % Reduction of thermal losses on T&D network % % Fund for Handicapped Customers ( / kwh) % % Green Tax (VAT-less / kwh) % % Total % % Opportunity to introduce inhouse energy storage systems Embed the energy storage units into the energy policy Provide incentives by reducing or removing parts of the fixed charges *based on a production of 1610 kwh (20 years average) kwp Transmission and Distribution Charges /kwp/year For a 3 kwp System the prosumer pays: /year+vat /year or /billing period

9 9 Grip Parity Assessment: PV Vs Grid Electricity Cost LCOE: 1-2 /Wp & 0 % DR LCOE: 1-2 /Wp & 10 % DR Grid Electricity Price PV LCOE : 20 years of investment, Discount New rate between Market 0 oriented 10 % policies PV Price Includes: Initial Investment, O&M costs, can network be introduced costs (as for identified furtherfrom PV the retail electricity GRID prices) PARITY deployment (NEM, Selfconsumption, Introduction of Retail Electricity price (as of 2014) Includes : Production and trade cost and Storage) network costs Grid Price

10 Capacity Payment 10 Internal Rate of Return of a NEM investment in Cyprus kw Low T&D IRR (%) High T&D Consumption : 4916 kwh/year Production : 4800 kwh/3kwp Fixed Network Costs : to /kwp/year + 19 % VAT Gird Electricity 22.5 /kwh (2014 price)

11 11 Prosumer profile of Tomorrow: Prosumer profile of Today: Energy to grid/ess/phev Energy to grid/ess/phev Goals: Increase the utilization factor of the PV system Shift energy during the peak periods to off peak periods (or energy producing periods) Make use of ESS/PHEV to fill consumption valleys and to minimize the spill-out energy to the grid

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13 13 SmartPV objectives Develop a cost-optimum dynamic tariff tool for optimal PV grid integration Fairer billing WIN-WIN scenario for all the stakeholders Revaluation of Capacity payments Cost reflective tariffs demand side management - DSM Information & Education of consumers from passive to active consumers Derive new policies which will increase PV penetration and induce smart grids

14 14 Smart-meters & Weather Stations 17 Weather Stations covering the republic controlled area of Cyprus 300 Prosumers 200 with a single smart meter Import & Export energy (under net metering) 100 with two smart meters Import, Export & Produced energy

15 15 Evolution of Annual Energy Consumption of NEM prosumer in Cyprus After the implementation of the NEM system the prosumer increases the annual consumption back to the 2010 levels Beginning of recession Peak of recession NEM system installed NEM prosumer around 20 % higher energy needs compared to the typical consumer in Cyprus

16 16 NEM Profiles Vs Baseline Profiles Summer Intermediate Winter Strong correlation: 92,56 % Increased consumption: 32 % Strong correlation: 96,41 % Increased consumption: 19 % Strong correlation: 96,28 % Increased consumption: 8,3 % Developed Dynamic Tariffs & DMS programs can gradually apply to the whole population

17 17 Pilot site enabling Demand Response Price-based DSM Time-Of-Use pricing (TOU) Load Shifting Information send to end users: In-House Displays (IHD) Web application Electricity bill Develop DSM / Dynamic ToU tariffs taking into consideration future Storage scenarios

18 18 Dynamic price-based DSM tool Development of dynamic tariffs Real Measurements from Smartmeters Construction of Load Profiles Identification of Peaks-Valleys Derive the block-periods and charges Optimize results in order the net amount between the new and the BAU scenario to be zero Tariff level Winter Summer Middle Peak 17:00 23:00 09:00 21:00 09:00 22:00 Shoulder 07:00 17:00 23:00 01:00 07:00 09:00 21:00 00:00 07:00 09:00 22:00 00:00 Off-peak 01:00 07:00 00:00 07:00 00:00 07:00

19 19 HELIOS CSP Power Plant + Storage 50 MWp CSP plant reliably integrated into the energy mix of Cyprus Use of Battery energy storage systems due to intermittent energy production Benefits: avoid costs to the overall system operation, additional revenue streams to the storage owner/operator and providing ancillary services to the benefit of all end-users of electricity

20 20 Probability of Persistence, POP day (%) C3 C6 C9 Characterisation & Classification of Daily Sky Conditions C2 C5 C Clearance Index, K day (%) C1 C4 C7 Probability of Persistance, POP D (%) 1.0 C3 0.9 C C C2 C8 Dailly K-POP data point 2011 Dailly K-POP data point 2012 Dailly K-POP data point 2013 Dailly K-POP data point 2014 Dailly K-POP data point 2015 Centroid K-POP data point 2011 Centroid K-POP data point 2012 Centroid K-POP data point 2013 Centroid K-POP data point 2014 Centroid K-POP data point 2015 C Clearness Index, K D (%) Classes Average % Average Days oumparou I, et all. Characterization and Classification of Daily Sky Conditions in Cyprus and France Based on Ground easurements of Solar Irradiance. EU PVSEC Proc., Hamburg: 31st EUPVSEC; 2015, p C1 C4 C7

21 21 BESS Scenarios to meet national regulations CYTSO ramp rate control rules for RES plants in Cyprus Permissible per-minute ramp rate ( % of plant Capacity), % 8<P<20MW 15 P>20MW 7 Average daily negative ramping incidents of each class for different BESS sizes as a percentage of daily operating time Classes Scenarios C1,% C2,% C3,% C4,% C5,% C6,% C7,% C8,% C9,% A B C D E Power and energy ratings of grid-level BESSs and Scenario Descriptions BESS Characteristics Single Module Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C Scenario D 12 modules 24 modules 36 modules 48 modules Energy, MWh continued discharge power, MW peak discharge power 1 min, MW Nominal Charge power (MW) [1] Nikolaidis AI, Koumparou Y, Makrides G, Efthymiou V, Georghiou E G, Charalambous A C. Reliable integration of a concentrating solar power plant in a small isolated system through an appropriately sized battery energy storage system. IET Renew Power Gener 2016:1 8. doi: /iet-rpg

22 22 Renewable Energy Management for small and medium scale distributed generators in rural environment (Green+)

23 23 Green + NER 300 Project Affects permanent habitants The number increases during the Summer and Winter vacation periods Mountain region, densely forested and environmentally sensitive area Issues with the further development of the grid

24 24 Green+ NER 300 Project Challenge trying to maintain a balance between reliable electricity supply and minimal impact on the sensitive local environment EAC out of options Erection of transmission lines to halt to satisfy increasing demand especially during holiday season RES installations growing rapidly Generation Technology Number of units Unit size range R (kwp/kwe) Total capacity (kwp) Connection voltage (LV, MV) Photovoltaic <R<5kWp kWp LV Photovoltaic 122 0<R<90kWp 1.060kWp LV Photovoltaic 26 90<R<10MWp kWp MV Wind & 12.5MWp kWp MV TOTAL MWp

25 25 Green+ NER 300 Project Microgrid architecture is proposed 20MWh energy storage at distribution level or close to RES generation Smart meter deployment and data collection Active demand load management and adoption of new electricity tariffs Smart Grid control architecture and communication means

26 26 Novel Transient Photovoltaic (PV) System Models for the Study of the Power Quality and Fault Behavior under Increasing Penetration Levels Transient PV System Model It is not possible to get all the answers from steady state models The stability of the power network in the presence of active technologies is of crucial importance P ref ( t) Q ref ( t) Parameters a 1 b 1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3 a 4 b 4 Balanced Condition Modelling Parameters e2 e3 TPVSM. eh Parameters d c 1 1 d c 2 2 d c 3 3 d 4 Unbalanced Conditions Modelling Harmonic Conditions Modelling h-harmonic order i () a t i () b t i () c t Accurate transient models are required with tuneable characteristics Modelling of the transient behaviour during balanced/unbalanced studies Represent inverters with different control/ filter parameters Model filter/switching/control harmonics

27 27 Novel Transient Photovoltaic (PV) System Models for the Study of the Power Quality and Fault Behavior under Increasing Penetration Levels Transient PV System Model The parameter estimation is achieved with the Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) algorithm The target of the algorithm is to minimize a cost function (the sum of squared errors between estimated and simulated current RMS transient data) Data Storage ` Voltage Current Solar Irradiance Module Temperature PV module or array DC AC Inverter Power Grid Interface L1 L2 ua Experimental Validation of the proposed transient model Cdc C Rc Inverter Topology Under Test Complete investigation of the impact of PV generation on the operation of electricity grids using the developed model Future Work Development of a transient PV model with incorporated storage capabilities for power quality

28 28 Conclusions The market is at the start point for introducing BESS The LCOE from PV systems in the southernmost Mediterranean countries is much lower than the grid electricity thus enabling the introduction of BESS with positive business scenario However, incentives are needed to trigger the investors interest in this technology Demand side management techniques are introduced to familiarise consumers with advance energy conservation methods before the introduction of BESS BESS are needed for large scale projects in order for them to meet the national regulations Finally, BESSs will contribute to a better quality energy system as spikes and sudden voltage changes will be minimised

29 Thank You!! Ioannis Koumparou Research Associate FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy University of Cyprus